Chapter 10:

CIRCLES
Sub CHAPTER:
10.1 PARTS OF A CIRCLE
What is the locus of a moving
object such that its distance
from a fixed point is always
constant?
Is the ratio of the circumference to
the diameter of the ear greater
than or less than the same ratio for
the face ?
diameter
nce circumfere
diameter
nce circumfere
Object Circumference Diameter
diameter
nce circumfere
Class Activity
Apparatus:
For any circle,

is a constant


Usually t is taken to be approximately
equal to 3.14 (2 d.p.) or
3.142 (3 d.p.) or
diameter
nce circumfere
Greek letter
7
22
Introduced by
William Jones
in 1706
t = 3.14159265358979323846264338327950288419716939937510
.
.
.

7
1
3
2
2
8
5
0
5
5
9
0
6
4
4
8
3
5
8
2
0
9
7
4
9
4
4
5
9
2
3
0
7
8
1
6
4
9074660328231568084128976071124352843082689980268260
In 2004, it took more than 500 hours for a supercomputer to
generate pi to 1.3511 trillion decimal places
pi
current world record
holder for the memorization
of t .
in October 2006, he took 16
hours to recite t to 100 000
d.p.
3.142
3.142
=
diameter
nce circumfere
Formula FOR circumference
nce Circumfere =t
circumference = td or

circumference = 2tr
= nce Circumfere
diameter
radius) (2

Find the circumference of a
circle, given its:
a) diameter
b) radius
circumference
Example 1:
Find the circumference of a circle with diameter:


Solution:
circumference = t d

14

= 44 mm
7
22
[ ]
7
22
= t
(a) 14 mm
(b) 0.7 cm ( t = 3.142 )
Solution:
circumference = td


= 2.199 cm
(3 d.p.)
14 mm 0.7 cm
2
7
22
=
14

0.7 3.142
=

0.7 3.142
[ ]
7
22
= t
Example 2:
Find the circumference of a circle with radius:


(a) 7 cm
0.5 mm 7 cm
Solution:
circumference = 2tr

= 2 x x 7

= 44 cm
Solution:
circumference = 2tr
= 2(3.142)( 0.5)
= 3.142 mm
(3 d.p.)
7
22
(b) 0.5 mm (t = 3.142)
Example:
Find the perimeter of the diagram , in cm. (Take = 3.142 )
70 m

Length of the semicircle

=


=

= 109.97

Perimeter of the diagram
= 70 + 109.97
= 179.97 m
3.142 x 70
2
2
d
t

Find the :

a) diameter
b) radius

given the circumference of a circle.
Example:
(a) Given that the circumference
of a circle is 66 cm. Find the
diameter of the circle.

Solution:

circumference = t d

d =


= 66

= 66 x

= 21 cm
7
22
22
7
Example:
(b) Given that the circumference
of a circle is 20t cm. Find the
radius of the circle.

Solution:

circumference = 2t r

r =

=

= 10 cm

t
t
2
20
3
[ ]
7
22
= t
circumference
t
circumference
2t

=
360
centre at Angle
nce Circumfere
arc of Length
Arc of a circle

=
360
centre at Angle
r 2
arc of Length
t
Find the arc length, given
the

a) angle at the centre
b) radius

of a circle.
r 2
360
arc an of length The t
u
=

=
360
centre at Angle
r 2
arc of Length
t
u
1. State the angle subtended by the arc
55
o

O
55
o

345
o

O
345
o

O
140
o

140
o

2. State the angle subtended by the arc
= 320
o

40
o

O
O
310
o

= 50
o

O
= 270
o

360
o
40
o
360
o
310
o

360
o
90
o

7
7
22
2
360

=
Example 1:
Find the length of arc XY. [ Take ]
r 2 XY arc t
u
=
360
7
22
= t
O
X
Y
= 8.80 cm
72
o
72
o

(2 d. p.)
9
7
22
2
360

=
Example 2:
Find the length of arc AB. [ Take ]
r 2 arc AB t
u
=
360
7
22
= t
O
A
B
60
o

= 47.14 cm
300
o

(2 d. p.)
Perimeter = arc length + radius + radius
cm 86 =
+ + = 21 21 44
120
o

Example 3:
Find the perimeter [ Take ]
7
22
= t
21 21 + +

= 21
7
22
2
360
120
)
(
r r + + = r 2
360
t
u
( )
O
1
3 1
3
r r + + = r 2
360
t
u
( )
O
A
B
C
D
Textbook, Pg. 59 No. 6:
Given : OA = 7 cm , AB = 2 cm
Perimeter = arc AD + arc BC + AB + CD
2 2 9
7
22
2
360
52
7 + +

=
7
22
2
360
52
)
( )
(
= 6.356 + 8.171 + 2 + 2
= 18.53 cm (2d.p.)
52
o

E
Textbook, Pg. 59 No. 7:
Perimeter = arc AE + AD + DC + CB + BE
= 32.267 + 15.4 + 15.4 + 15.4 + 15.4
= 93.87 cm (2d.p.)
B
A
D
C
120
o

1
5
.
4

c
m

15.4 15.4 15.4 15.4 15.4 + + + +

=
7
22
2
360
120
(
)
1
3
Find the angle, given the

a) arc length
b) radius

of a circle.
= 360
r
length arc
centre the at angle
t 2

=
360
centre at Angle
r 2
arc of Length
t
[ ]
7
22
= t
7 cm
2 mm
Example 1: Find the angle subtended at the centre
O
7

c
m



=









( )
360
r
length arc
t 2
7
7
22
2
11 360
o
=
11 180
o

22
= = 90
o

2
180
Find the radius, given the

a) arc length
b) angle at the centre

of a circle.
( )

360 length arc
r
tu 2

=

=
360 r 2
arc of Length u
t
( ) = 360 length arc r 2 u t
( ) = 360 length arc r 2tu
Example 1: Find the radius (use t = 3.142)
O
40
o



r =









( )
360

length arc
u t 2
= 9 m
6.284 360
o
=
2 3.142 40
o
2
r
360
sector of area t
u
=

=
360
centre at Angle
circle of Area
sector of Area
Area of a Sector

=
360 r
sector of Area
2
u
t







Find the area of a sector,
given the

a) radius

a) angle at the centre








O
O
[ ]
7
22
= t
(a) radius = 7 cm
(b) diameter = 8.4 m (t = 3.142)
Example 1: Find the area of the shaded region, given :
156
o

Solution:

area = x x 7 x 7

= 115.5 cm
2

360
270
7
22
Solution:
radius = 8.4 2 = 4.2 m

area = x 3.142 x 4.2 x 4.2

= 24.02 m
2

360
156
Example 2 : Calculate the area of the shaded region
O
Solution:

Area of shaded region

= Area of sector Area of triangle

=


= 154 98 cm
2

= 56 cm
2
14 14
7
22
360
90

[ ]
7
22
= t
14 14
2
1

Textbook, Pg. 72 No. 6
40
o

Solution :

Area of shaded region

= area of larger sector area of smaller sector

=

= 50.286 8.730


= 41.56 cm
2

12 cm
5

5
7
22
360
40
12

12
7
22
360
40
Find the angle, given the area of the
sector

=
360 r
sector of Area
2
u
t
= 360
r
sector
2
t
u
of area
Example 1: Find the angle subtended at the centre
7 cm
78.57 cm
2

O
1
0

c
m

( )
use t = 3.142


= 360
o







tr
2

area of sector
=
78.57
3.142 10 10
360
o

= 90
o

Find the radius, given the area of the
sector and the angle at the centre

360 sector of area
r
ut

=

=
360 r
sector of Area
2
u
t
ut

=
360 sector of

area
= 360 sector) of (area r
2
t u
r
2

Example 1: Find the radius.
[ ]
7
22
= t
O
180
o

19.25 m
2

(
)
( ) ( ) angle 360 area r t =
m 3.5 12.25 = =
7
22
180 360 19.25 r =


7
3960
6930 =


3960
7
6930 =