ISSN: 2277-3754

ISO 9001:2008 Certified International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT) Volume 2, Issue 5, November 2012

A Case Study on Basic Requirements for the Design of High Voltage Bushings
D. Edison Selvaraj, A. Siva Prakash, R. Srinivas, A. Allwyn Clarence Asis, J.Gnanavadivel Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College, Sivakasi
Abstract - During the design of bushings for high voltage applications several important factors have to be considered. This paper has been prepared to simplify the design process of bushings used for different high voltage applications. This paper also explains about the basic requirements needed for the design of various high voltage bushings used for several applications. These requirements needed for the design of high voltage bushings would be useful for the designers and academicians to study and analyze the special requirements for bushings used in high voltage applications, the various problems and its issues in the bushings and the remedial measures to avoid these problems in the bushings.

I. INTRODUCTION Bushings can be defined as an insulating lining for an aperture through which a conductor passes. Depending upon the applications, it can be classified into different types: 1. Alternator bushings 2. Transformer Bushings 3. Bushings for Switchgear 4. Wall and roof Bushings 5. Cable end and Joint-Box Bushings This paper discusses about the basic requirements needed for the design of various high voltage bushings used for several applications. II. SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR DIFFERERENT APPLICATIONS A. Alternator Bushings Alternator Bushings up to 33kV is more usual. They may be porcelain or S.R.B.P and in most recent years Duresca & copar have been particularly suitable for gastight bushings for hydrogen-cooled alternators. B. Transformer Bushings Transformer requires terminal Bushings for both primary and secondary windings. High voltage terminals of large Transformers are air and outdoors and Bushings usually work with lower end in oil and the upper end outdoors. Bushings consisting only of a porcelain shell, with or without oil filling, are used for voltages up to 66kV but Transformer Bushings for 66kV upwards are usually S.R.B.P, O.I.P barrier type. The Bushings are mounted in localized projection from the Transformer tank known as turrents and current Transformers often housed in turrents around the flange-barrels of Bushings .In some cases a high-voltage cable is connected directly into transformer via oil filled box. A Bushing then

provides connection between oil box and transformer winding, in which Bushings works with both ends in oil. C. Bushings for Switchgear In a large proportion of Switchgear the actual circuit interruption is effected by an oil circuit breaker. This may be of an outdoor type in which carry the conductors through the tank wall and the support the switch contacts which are porcelain clad at the outdoor end, or the oil circuit breaker may from part of a complete switch unit. Indoor Switch gear enclosed in a metal case, ie., metal clad Switchgear, has been made for voltages up to 132kV but the majority of this type of Switchgear is within the range 3.3 to 33 kV. Bulk type ie., not condenser graded, bushings made of porcelain, S.R.B.P or cast resin are suitable for switchgear up to 22kV but for higher voltages condenser Bushings are invariably used, where size is important than the advantages at lower voltages. D. Wall and Roof Bushings The biggest problem in working high voltage equipment outdoors is to overcome the effects of pollution. Hence Sub Stations for 132kV and above in unfavorable situations have been put inside a building. Building such as this need wall Bushing rated at 132kV with S.R.B.P core-outdoor porcelain at one end and indoor porcelain at the other. Wall Bushings are usually fitted with C.T so that there is no need for separate posttype C.Ts. E. Cable end and Joint-Box Bushings A variety of Bushings are used in cable end boxes ranging from 3.3kV porcelain Bushings bringing the cores of a low-voltage cable out from an insulating compound filled box, to oil-impregnated paper Bushings formed on site on the end of a high voltage single phase cable from sheets of pre impregnated paper basted with hot oil and finally vacuum filled. S.R.B.P, cast resin, duresca Bushings are used in stop joints which are used in stop Joints which are used for connecting a high pressure gas filled cable to an unpressurised solid tube. III. FIELD CONTROL IN BUSHING In order to suppress the gliding discharge at the flange for a porcelain Bushing, the porcelain is provided with a conductive coating under the flange by a metal spraying technique .The coating terminates in a protruding edge for field control purposes. To control partial discharges in any air spaces between the shaft and insulating material, sufficient clearance must be maintained between the shaft and porcelain or conductive coating must be applied on

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ISSN: 2277-3754
ISO 9001:2008 Certified International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT) Volume 2, Issue 5, November 2012 Leakage in Gaskets Moisture enters, oil the inside too. In an insulating body made of cast resin, and/or gas leaks, filler leaks the shaft or its surrounding metal tube, through which out. current leads pass, is directly embedded. Partial discharge Insulation Moisture Moisture enters. on the high voltage conductor is thus prevented. By Leakage in solder seal Moisture enters, filler embedding protruding electrodes, the gliding discharge is leaks out. also prevented. IV. ADVANTAGES OF POLYMER BUSHING WITH SILICONE RUBBER OUTDOOR WEATHERSHEDS The resin impregnated paper condenser core in combination with the non-ceramic non-brittle composite insulator with silicone rubber weather sheds provides the CORIP design with unique features. These features offer the following benefits to the users. 1. Dry RIP condenser design with no liquid filler makes the bushing leak free and no risk of fire. 2. Silicone rubber has sustained hydophobicity, resulting in little or no washing, lower leakage current, reduced dry band arcing, and fewer chances of external flashovers in contaminated environment. 3. Silicone rubber is resistant to atmospheric degradation .Non ceramic composite insulator with silicone rubber weather sheds is less susceptible to damage from vandalism, shipping, handling, and installation. 4. It shows improved performance in seismic and contaminated environment. 5. Absence of porcelains makes the bushing lighter and safer to handle, transport, store, and install. 6. Absence of liquid filler enables the installation at any angle from vertical to horizontal. 7. Little or no wait time before energization due to absence of oil. Split conductor/Draw lead designs allow easy removal/installation without lowering of transformer oil. 8. It does not require lowering of oil prior to shipment of transformer. 9. Convertible between draw lead and split conductor application modes. 10. Fewer maintenance checks due to absence of oil and porcelain V. DIFFERENT TYPES OF PROBLEMS IN BUSHINGS AND ITS IMPACT The previous record show that about 90 percent of all preventable bushing failures are caused by moisture entering the bushing through leaky gaskets or other openings. Periodic inspection will prevent most outages due to bushing failures.
Type of problem Cracked Porcelain Impact Moisture enters, oil and/or gas leaks, filler leaks out. Moisture enters, oil and/or gas leaks, filler leaks out. Broken connection between ground sleeve and flange Voids in compound Mitigation of Oil No oil Displaced grading shield Electrical flash over Lightning Corona

Short circuit condenser sections

of

Darkening of oil

Sparking in tank (apparatus) or within Bushing, discolored oil. Internal corona. Filler contamination. Moisture enters. Internal sparking, discolored oil. Cracked of broken porcelain. Cracked of broken porcelain. Internal breakdown, radio interference, Treeing along the surface of paper or internal surfaces. Increased capacitance, reduced voltage at capacitor terminal, adds internal stress to insulation. Radio interference & poor test results.

VI. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The authors express their sincere gratitude to the almighty for His blessings for our research. The authors also express their sincere thanks to the Division of High Voltage Engineering, College of Engineering, Guindy, Anna University, and Chennai, India for this research work. Praise the Lord Jesus Christ who died for us. Best wishes for the people of this world. May God bless all our human society with His blessings. VII. CONCLUSION The basic requirements needed for the design of high voltage bushings would be useful for the designers and academicians to study and analyze the special requirements for bushings used in high voltage applications, the various problems and its issues in the bushings and the remedial measures to avoid these problems in the bushings. REFERENCES
[1] Apparatus Bushing Reference Book, General Electric Co., Bulletin GET- 2525. NEMA Publication No. 107-1964, Reaffirmed by NEMA 1976. [2] Bushing for power transformer by James .B. [3] www.abb.com. [4] An Overview of Lapp Insulator High Voltage Bushing Design, W.A. Young, Lapp Insulator Company, Le Roy, USA.

Determination cemented joints

of

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ISSN: 2277-3754
ISO 9001:2008 Certified International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT) Volume 2, Issue 5, November 2012
[5] Hubert, Charles L., Preventive Maintenance of Electrical Equipment, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, N.Y., 1969. [6] IEC60137-2008, BEAIRA Technical Report Q/T123-1952 Design of High Voltage Stress Controlled Condenser-Type Bushings and Capacitors, BEAIRA Technical Report Q/T125-1952 Stresses in High Voltage Condenser Bushings, BSEN 50180, 50181, 50386.

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