International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology 2008

Study on electromagnetic radiation of ultra-high voltage power transmission line

Yuan Shangzun, Li Pengfei, Nie Ling Electrical and information Engineering Department, Chongqing university of science and technology, 400042 China yuanshangzun@126.com Abstract
With the rapid development of electric undertaking and the expansion of town scale, ultra-high voltage (such as ac 1000kv, dc 800kv) power transmission lines are coming to our lives. And with the development of ultra-high voltage power transmission line, the ultra-high voltage transformer substation will appear in the place with dense population and the electromagnetic pollution of this transmission and transformer equipment and its infection to the natives arouse the great concern from the society. In the other hand, the natives are afraid of the electromagnetic pollution and oppose the power construction, which brings about many unnecessary troubles. To study the situation of electromagnetic pollution duo to the transmission and transformer equipment needs many measurements in the field. This paper focuses on electromagnetic radiation of ultra-high voltage power transmission line. Firstly, investigate the condition of being recognized of electromagnetic radiation and analyze the pollution status of environment and human body due to electromagnetic radiation. And then, study the electric and magnetic field under the transmission line by the method of equivalent charges and put forward the prevention policy to the electromagnetic radiation in the engineering of ultra-high voltage power transmission and transforming. electromagnetic wave or electromagnetic induction, but also by the way of static electric induction. It means the frequency begins from 0 Hz. In the environment protection domain, electromagnetic radiation usually refers to electric field strength, magnetic field intensity and radio disturbance [1]. The ultra-high voltage power transmission engineering includes ultra-high voltage overhead transmission lines and ultra-high voltage transformer substation. There once was discussion about whether ultra-high voltage overhead transmission lines and ultra-high voltage transformer substation produce electromagnetic radiation or not. Now it is admitted that it will. The main theory is the Maxwells theory about electromagnetic field that the time-variable current can produce magnetic field, the time-variable magnetic field can produce electric field, the timevariable electric field can produce magnetic field and the magnetic field and electric field mutually converses and the Electromagnetic wave appears. Because ultrahigh voltage overhead transmission lines forms voltage grads, there exists work frequency magnetic field and electric field in them. And the same is ultra-high voltage transformer substation [2].

2. Analyze the infection to environment and human body due to electromagnetic field
Figure 1 shows the analysis the pollution status of environment and human body due to electromagnetic radiation. The infection can be divided to 2 classes: one is thermal effect. Human body itself is an electric world. In the normal condition, body can adapt to the magnetic field of the earth and weak electromagnetic noise. When the body absorbs the high intensity irradiation from electromagnetic field, the temperature of body will increase due to the vibration and friction of the molecule. The increase is concerned with the absorb radiation power and the radiation time. When

1. Introduction
Electromagnetic radiation is the phenomenon that the energy is sent through the source to the space in the way of electromagnetic wave or the energy is transmitted in the space in the way of electromagnetic wave. Electromagnetic radiation sometimes can include the electromagnetic induction. But in the environment protection domain, electromagnetic radiation means all the phenomenon of the energy transmitted in the space, not only in the way of

978-0-7695-3308-7/08 $25.00 2008 IEEE DOI 10.1109/ICCSIT.2008.92

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the humans tuning function can not adapt the overheating in some part, there will be some harm. The other is non-thermal effect. Electromagnetic radiation can produce the biology change in the condition that there is no change in the temperature. This is because the strong electromagnetic field can produce deflection of the self- circumvolving shaft, the abnormal arrange of the molecule chain. All this causes the change of the electromagnetic layout and so the disease appears.

Figure 2. The model of the ultra high voltage power line The computing model of power line is the infinitely long and straight line, the field produced by which is parallel plat field or Axial symmetry field. The computing plat is the cross area Vertical to the lowest line. Radius of line The ultra high voltage power transmission line is Fission line, namely consisting of several Fission sublines. Usually simplify the lines as the column lines just as figure 3. The radius can be replaced by the equivalent radius, the formula is as follows:
n

Ri = R
Figure 1. The harm of electromagnetic pollution

nr R

There R---radius of Fission line, nthe numbers of Fission sublines, rradius of submission line [5]

3. The computation of power transmission lines

3.1. The modeling of the electric field of the power transmission lines
In order to analyze and compute, simplify the ultra high voltage power transmission lines as follows: regard working alternative electromagnetic field as quasistate field. The meaning of quasistate field is that not only the quasistate electric field but also quasistate magnetic field can be regarded as the quasistate field on condition that L/c<<T. Obviously the source and the field of quasistate field is the function of time and space, but the delay of electromagnetic wave is neglect. All this means the given value of the source can know the field at the time and the field has nothing with the past time. So we can use the equation of Maxwell in the quasistate field to construct the math model [4]. The power frequency is 50 Hz, with the wavelength 6106m. The field produced by the power line can be regarded as static. to simplify the 2-dimension to 3-dimension field The distance of the ultra high voltage power transmission lines is long. To simplify the computation, regard the line as the infinitely long, straight, parallel conductors neglecting the bottom effect, and take the lowest line as the height of f-grand. Figure 3. The computation of the equivalent radius the ground Take the ground as the 0 P.D and the surface as the good conductor ( < 10 m ). In the mirror place of the wire to the earth, we set the analog charges to replace the effect of the induction charge. set the 3-phase wires P.D Because the current through the lines are 3-phase sin, we can use the effective value to represent the current and voltage. So the phase and line voltage and current can be represented as follows:
5

 = U + jU U A AR Al  = U + jU U B BR Bl  = U + jU U C CR Cl  I = I + jI
A AR Al

 = I + jI I B BR Bl  I C = I CR + jI Cl

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Figure 4. Computing graph to voltage for earth In figure 4, formula of the real and imaginary part is as follows:

U AR = U A cos( ) U AI = U A sin( ) U BR = U B cos( + 120) U BI = U B sin( + 120) U = U cos( 120) C CR U CI = U C sin( 120)
(Here, = 45 ) There is the initial phase. Considering the practical loss in the transmission line, we can take the 1.05 times rated voltage to compute the phase voltage in the following formula:
o

Figure 5. Actual tower and one-loop 3-phase line analogy charges are set in the center of column line and the match point in the any boundary of the column line, in figure 5.

U A = U B = UC =

U line 1.05 V 3

Ant thunder [6] The overhead cables have little infection on the nearby field. In computing the parallel 500KV, the cables with no overhead earth line increase the field as 1~2% than the overhead cables. So we take cables as no overhead line.

Figure 6 setting the analog charge and the match point in one-loop 3-phase line construct and solve the analogy charge equation here, Q4 Q5 Q6 are Q3 Q2 Q1 mirror charge respectively and the Electric quantity are the same mount and the opposite pole. So in the figure 6 there exists 3 unknown parameters and we only need 3 equations. Because the P.D. of the match points AB C are known and the P.D. superimposition of are the equations.

Q1

3.2. Computing the electric field of the transmission line [7]

One tower with 3-phase transmission line is in figure 5. In the following, we model the electric field. chose Rectangular coordinates. in the above discussion, the line is parallel to the ground and the ground is 0 P.D. We can get the mirror line of the 3-phase transmission line in the way of mirror method, in the figure 6. choose the type of analog charges Choose the Infinitely long and straight line as the analog charges.

Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 in the match points, there

P 11Q1 + P 12 Q2 + P 13Q3 = A P21Q1 + P22Q2 + P23Q3 = B P Q + P Q + P Q = C 31 1 32 2 33 3

Here, through the following formulas:

(1)

Pij is the P.D. efficiency, which can be got

Pii =

1 2 0

ln

2hi Ri

Pij =

1 2 0

ln

L'ij Lij

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Here

Pii self P.D. efficiency, Pij mutual Ri the equivalent radius of fussion
'

P.D. efficiency, hi the height between the line and the ground, line(or the line radius), Lij the distance between jth analogy mirror charge and ith match point, Lij the distance between jth analogy charge and ith match point. Through equation (1), we can get a group of analog charge

[Q] = [P]1 [ ] .

confirm the analog fine Confirm the analog fine. Set n confirm points and the computation is as follows

R QiR x0 xi x0 xi = ( 2 ) 2 ri1 ri 2 x 2 Q y y y y EiyR = R = iR ( 0 2 i 0 2 i ) 2 ri1 ri 2 y Q x x x x Eixl = l = il ( 0 2 i 0 2 i ) ri1 ri 2 x 2 Q y y y y Eiyl = l = il ( 0 2 i 0 2 i ) ri1 ri 2 y 2 Here, ri1 the distance between the computed
EixR =
point and the ith line ri 2 the distance between the computed point and the ith line mirror point the combined electric intensity:

i = (Ti , j Q j )
j =1

Ti , j P.D. efficiency between j th analog and i th confirm points.

Here, The formula of the error computation The absolute error: Relative error:

E = ( ExR + jExl )ex + ( E yR + jE yl )ey

According to the actual situation, some transmission line are one tower and dual even multi loop line. The arrangement is different between the different types of tower. In figure 7, there are one tower and 3-phase line, the below field computation is just as the above. The difference is the 3 phase 2 loops, and the analog charges and the match points increase one times.

Eri = i 0

REri =

i 0 100% 0

Here, i , 0 are the computed P.D. and the given P.D. in the boundary condition. When the error is smaller, the analog effect is better. If the fine is not enough, the place of the analog must be reset. compute the field intensity We can use the known analog charges to compute the any electric field. Because the voltage of line is phase type, the analog charges and the field intensity are the same. The field intensity of p ( x1 , y1 ) is as follows;

Figure 7. The 3-phase transmission line with 2 loops and 3-phase

 = E + j E = E + jE E x ixR ixl xR xl
i =1 3 i =1 3

4. The prevention policy to the in the engineering of ultra-high voltage power transmission and transforming.
4.1. The prevention method of electromagnetic radiation produced by ultra-high voltage power transmission and transforming [8]
(1) Increase the height 1015 meters between the line and the ground (2) Decrease the mutual distance (3) Anti-counter placement in the one tower with 2 loops and rejects the mutual effect. (4) The overhead method adopts triangle shape arrangement

 = E + j E = E + jE E y iyR iyl yR yl
i =1 i =1

(2)

EtxR is the x Component of field produced by ith line and its mirror charges. E tyR the y
Here, Component of field produced by ith line and its mirror analog charges, E tyl the y Component of field produced by ith line and its mirror imaginary charges, the parameters in the (2) equations can be got as follows:

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(5) Equip the shield line and low voltage between ultra-high voltage power transmissions with ground (6) Make use of the structure of house to shield

and learn how to protect them, which is very important.

4.2. The prevention policy to the ultra-high voltage transformer substation

The design of large scale transformer substation must take the electromagnetic pollution into account and decrease the strong field produced by the high voltage. (1) Adopt the reasonable layout in the design of large scale transformer substation and use equipment with little electromagnetic radiation. Adopts 3-phase equipment and GIS equipment with 3 phase in the same box (2) Adopt the reasonable shield device to prevent electromagnetic radiation Shield method can be divided into passive shielding and active shielding. Passive shielding is to use the structure in the station as the metal shield net. For example, increase the ground area and polarities in the inner station and ground the metal equipment in the station. Active shielding is to produce the electromagnetic radiation in the same strength and opposite pole to the initial electromagnetic radiation. The station can make use of two methods to get the better effect.

6. Reference
[1] Qu jianwei, The electromagnetic radiation effect to surrounding by high voltage transducing engineering, Science information, 2007, (20) [2] Zhou yang, Level or protection distance of electromagnetic radiation in high voltage 220kv line, Environment monitor management and technology, 2007, (3) [3] Li yi, Test of electromagnetic radiation in high voltage equipment and analyze of environment, Ningxia electric power, 2006,(5) [4] Zhou jianwen, The electromagnetic radiation effect to surrounding and protection policy, Huzhou normal college newspaper, 2006 [5] Lin xiaoyu, etc, The analyze of the electromagnetic radiation effect from discharge, Electric environment protection, 2004, (3) [6] High voltage transducing engineering and electromagnetic radiation environment protection, Shan dong electric power college newspaper, 2004, (1) [7] Sarma Maruvada P, Turgeon A, Goulet D.L, Study of population exposure to magnetic fields due to secondary utilization of transmission lines corridors, IEEE Power Delivery,1995,Vol.10, Issue.3:1541~1548. [8] Al-Arainy A.A, Malik N.H, Abdul-Aal L.N., Electromagnetic interference from transmission lines located in central region of Saudia Arabia, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 1989, Vol.4, Issue.1:532~538.

5. Conclusion
The ultra-high voltage power transmission line is in the complex surrounding, which brings about the difficulty. In order to simulate the field in the theory, it is necessary to simply the model. In the base of analog charge and current methods, combined with HJ/T24 199 the evaluation Standard of the environment infection due to electromagnetic radiation produced by 8500kv ultra high voltage transmit and transform engineering, we construct the model of 2-D electric and magnetic field and induce the formula of computing field strength There are some advantages in ultra-high voltage power transmission line: the great capacity, long distance and low loss; the Particularity in Q power balance, over voltage and insulation match and environment infection due to electromagnetic radiation, through the reasonable arrangement and line, all the parameters can meet the needs. But electromagnetic radiation produced by ultra high voltage transmits and transform engineering is the fact. So the government must make the corresponding law concerned with electromagnetic radiation and guide the people understand electromagnetic radiation

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