Whitepaper

RED HAT ENTERPRISE LINUX: A HIGHER-VALUE AND LOWER-COST ALTERNATIVE TO MICROSOFT WINDOWS SERVER 2008 R2

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Red Hat Enterprise Linux can deliver a better value than Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2 in real-life operational configurations used to deliver IT business services. Using an IT services delivery life cycle of five years for licensing and support (a common life cycle in todays datacenters), the pricing models in this whitepaper identify operational and contractual benefits you can gain by choosing Red Hat over Microsoft. Choosing Red Hat Enterprise Linux as your standard platform can save you money and free you to focus on growing your business. The Red Hat subscription model and observance of industry standards help you avoid being locked into a single platform and forced upgrade paths. A subscription to Red Hat Enterprise Linux gives you a thoroughly tested, secure, and up-to-date Linux operating system, backed by a financially strong global corporation that supports your business. And Red Hats broad independent software vendor (ISV) ecosystem provides you with confidence that you can select a solution based on your specific business needs, with features suited to your environments, and at significantly lower cost. From every perspective, Red Hat Enterprise Linux delivers the best value for your investment.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Executive summary

6 Application tier 7 Data tier 9 Cost comparison roll-up 10 Conclusion 11  Appendix A: Intranet content management system (CMS)

2 Value begins with cost-effective choices 2  Cost comparison: Red Hat Enterprise Linux versus Windows Server 2008 R2 3  An e-commerce website deployment scenario 4 Presentation tier

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RED HAT ENTERPRISE LINUX: A HIGHER-VALUE AND LOWER-COST ALTERNATIVE TO MICROSOFT WINDOWS SERVER 2008 R2

Value begins with cost-effective choices

Red Hat Enterprise Linux can deliver superior value over Microsoft Windows Server in many environments with its lower acquisition and support costs. It provides you with the freedom to tailor your IT infrastructure to your business needs without the burden of complex software licensing schemes. With Red Hat Enterprise Linux, not only can you choose the precise systems and applications that your business needs, but many of our customers find that the initial investment is lower for the sameor even greaterset of capabilities. In addition, Red Hat Enterprise Linux can deliver higher performance and world-class support, with lower associated life-cycle ownership costs, when compared to Microsoft Server-based IT environments. A Red Hat subscription goes beyond timely updates and comprehensive phone, email, and online support. It ensures that you have the enterprise-level reliability, scalability, and performance expected from a community of technologists, OEMs, ISVs, and customers committed to maintaining a state-of-the-art operating system. A Red Hat Enterprise Linux subscription incorporates the latest server technologies and hardware advances, provides updates and upgrades as part of your subscription price, and integrates support and engineering processes to provide ongoing improvement based on customer needs.

Cost comparison: Red Hat Enterprise Linux versus Windows Server 2008 R2
The best way to compare costs of Red Hat Enterprise Linux and Windows Server 2008 R2-based systems is to map license and support details between the two offerings in a real-world scenario. In this paper, we abide by the following criteria for our examples: Scenarios are based on typical real-life applications running on a realistically configured hardware platform. Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server and Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2 are configured for equivalent functionality and capability. Realistic costs of the operating system are also considered, including acquisition, updates, support, and client access licenses (CALs). All calculations are based on list prices. Hardware, virtualization, and applications are common to both operating systems, assumed to have comparable costs in both contexts, and are therefore not named or compared unless required to show differences in the overall solution costs. Server management software, backup software, and product or licensing costs associated with such software are not included. Support levels are matched. For example, mission-critical functions are accompanied by support at the highest support-level agreement (SLA); the SLA is for 12x5 unless otherwise noted. An ownership period of five years is used as a basis of comparison. To demonstrate the cost difference between deploying Microsoft or Red Hat solutions, we have quantified the operating system deployment and maintenance costs of an e-commerce website with a three-tier architecture. To illustrate the costs associated with providing server access to a growing user population, this paper also provides a short analysis of the cost of OS deployment, maintenance, and support for an intranet content management system (presented in Appendix A).

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1 Note that industry-standard discounts are available from both Red Hat and Microsoft. Your specific costs may vary.

Each example portrays a common IT business service delivery scenario, configured with the appropriate operating system options to accommodate the applications, middleware, and databases needed to create a real-world configuration. These comparisons demonstrate basic system building blocks that can be used to extrapolate configurations and costs of different operating systems with different levels of scale and support. It should be noted that, while Microsoft does provide some complimentary support incidents based on the amount of money spent on a Software Assurance maintenance program, it is difficult to estimate how many additional support incidents would be necessary to keep your e-commerce website operational. A single Microsoft server with many support issues, or just one complicated issue, can drive support costs way beyond the initial budget estimate. Red Hat understands that software deployed correctly requires less support during operation. This is one of the reasons why Red Hat does not limit the number of support incidents required to resolve issues and bring the server to full functionality. With a Red Hat Enterprise Linux subscription, you can make the best use of our expertise during all phases of the life cycle at no additional costwhether planning, testing, deploying, maintaining, or upgrading your infrastructure. Without knowing how many support incidents will be encountered over the span of five years, it is impossible to calculate how much Red Hat Enterprise Linux will save in support fees alone. The following scenarios are conservative in predicting no more than ten support incidents per year on any tier. Red Hat Enterprise Linux support costs will remain fixed regardless of the amount of support you need. In both scenarios, Red Hat Enterprise Linux provides a robust offering, with the highest level of support, at a lower cost than the equivalent Microsoft offering1.

An e-commerce website deployment scenario

Consider a typical consumer-facing e-commerce website (Figure 1),using a three-tier architecture consisting of a presentation tier, an application tier, and a data tier. The presentation tier uses a set of servers dedicated to serving web pages and fronted by a distributing load balancer (not shown or included in the cost). Below that, the application tier runs a J2EE-based application serving environment, distributed across a set of cooperating machines. The data tier consists of a highly available database cluster, in an active/passive configuration, that stores the content to be presented to users.

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RED HAT ENTERPRISE LINUX: A HIGHER-VALUE AND LOWER-COST ALTERNATIVE TO MICROSOFT WINDOWS SERVER 2008 R2

ONLINE USERS ENTERPRISE

PRESENTATION TIER 2 sockets each

APPLICATION TIER

2 sockets each

DATA TIER Active Active Passive/ Failover

4 sockets each

RHEL0006

Figure 1: E-commerce website scenario

Presentation tier
The presentation tier handles all user interactions with the site. Our scenario calls for eight physical servers to deliver web pages with personalized content to end users (who are not employees) via the Internet, and assumes that incoming requests are distributed to individual servers working independently. Todays CPUs are faster and more powerful than ever and can serve millions of web page requests per secondbut only if they are not constrained by having to locate, fetch, and prepare the data. However, in the typical datacenter environment, the data could be distributed and the delay in getting data from remote storage may force the system to become idle, freeing up CPU cycles that can run other tasks in parallel. Therefore, dedicating an entire physical server to running a single instance of a web server is not practical or efficient, as it results in a severe under-utilization of server hardware. Web server infrastructure is often architected to house multiple related sites simultaneously, such as a dedicated sales site and a dedicated support site, with each site being managed independently. In order to minimize the number of physical servers needed by maintaining a high level of server utilization and to support the independent management of each, we specify in our scenario that we deploy multiple web servers as virtual guests within each physical server. Each physical server deploys four virtual machines (VMs), with each VM running an instance of the OS and a web server application.

Red Hat presentation tier implementation

A Red Hat Enterprise Linux Standard subscription provides support for up to four virtual guests, in addition to the base OS on a two-socket server, and is a perfect fit for this deployment scenario. The support requirements for the presentation tier will be less than the other tiers because availability is achieved through redundancy and load balancing. This makes the Red Hat Enterprise Linux Standard subscription ($1,199 per physical server per year)2 the appropriate choice, as it offers access to all updates and provides unlimited 12x5 online and phone support instances, as well as access to the Red Hat Customer Portal. The Red Hat Customer Portal contains knowledgebase articles, reference architectures, customer forums, and other resources; it also provides you with the ability to track your support ticket status online.

2 https://www.redhat.com/ apps/store/server

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RED HAT ENTERPRISE LINUX: A HIGHER-VALUE AND LOWER-COST ALTERNATIVE TO MICROSOFT WINDOWS SERVER 2008 R2

Microsoft presentation tier implementation

3 A simplified summary of information is presented in this document. See Server 2008 R2 Licensing Guide as referenced in the Microsoft References Section.

At first glance, Microsofts Windows Web Server 2008 R2 ($469)3 would appear to be the obvious choice for this tier because of its low initial license and Microsoft Software Assurance costs, and unlimited Internet connections for non-named users. However, Windows Web Server 2008 R2 comes with no virtualization rights, and so it is not an adequate solution for this scenario. To achieve the same level of utilization and support as the Red Hat Enterprise Linux subscription, you would need to deploy Windows Server 2008 R2 Enterprise Edition. Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2 Enterprise Edition is significantly more expensive per server ($3,919) than Windows Web Server, but it supports up to four virtual machines per server. To provide access to your website via the Internet, Microsoft additionally requires you to purchase an External Connector License (ECL) for each physical server at a cost of $2,009 per server. Red Hat Enterprise Linux does not charge any fees to connect to the Internet. Moreover, to achieve the same level of support as the Red Hat Enterprise Linux solution, you must purchase a Software Assurance plan for each Windows Server license and each ECL at a 25% additional cost per license ($980 per Windows Server license and $502 per ECL). This enables you to open support tickets online and access patches and updates, security fixes, and knowledgebase articles. It is important to note that Software Assurance pricing, unlike license pricing, is not eligible for discount. Microsoft also offers Incident Support for more immediate access to Microsoft technicians via phone or email. This model for the presentation tier includes ten (two packs of five) 12x5 Incident Support calls. It should be noted that Microsoft does not offer an unlimited incident telephone support plan, so we use ten incidents per year as an approximation of minimum support requirements in each tier of our scenario. The following summarizes the cost of subscriptions or licenses, Software Assurance, and additional Incident Support fees that are required to deploy the Red Hat Enterprise Linux-based and Microsoft Windows Server-based presentation tier solutions:

Red Hat Enterprise Linux Operating system Eight Standard subscriptions (up to 4 guests per server) $9,592 per year Included at no extra cost Included at no extra cost

Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2 Eight Enterprise Edition licenses (up to 4 guests per server) $31,352 Eight External Connector licenses $16,072 Software Assurance for OS and ECL (at 25% of license costs) $11,856 per year Unlimited 12x5 online support incidents included at no extra cost and ten Incident Support calls per year $2,578 per year

Internet connectivity Software updates

Technical support

Unlimited 12x5 online and telephone incidents included at no extra cost

Based on these numbers, the five-year cost of ownership for the proposed eight-server solution would be $47,960 for Red Hat Enterprise Linux and $119,594 for Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2. Figure 2 illustrates these numbers, as well as alternate smaller- and larger-scale deployments. Red Hat Enterprise Linux can offer significant cost savings regardless of the deployment scale.

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RED HAT ENTERPRISE LINUX: A HIGHER-VALUE AND LOWER-COST ALTERNATIVE TO MICROSOFT WINDOWS SERVER 2008 R2

$250,000 $200,000 $150,000 $100,000 $50,000 $0 4 $66,242 $23,980 $47,960 8 NUMBER OF PHYSICAL SERVERS 16
RHEL0007

$228,298 Microsoft Windows Server solution $119,594 $95,920 Red Hat Enterprise Linux solution

Figure 2: Five-year cost of ownership in the presentation tier

Application tier
The core business logic function of this e-commerce website operates in the five servers of the application tier. These servers are typically equipped with large amounts of memory (in excess of 32 gigabytes of RAM) and high I/O capabilities in order to handle a high volume of service requests to and from the presentation tier, and data requests to and from the databases in the data tier.

APPLICATION TIER

2 sockets each

RHEL0005

Figure 3: Application tier

This scenario requires five physical servers in the application tier, which can be scaled upward or downward in performance by adding or removing physical servers. More complicated e-commerce transactions with increased levels of content personalization might require that you scale upward, while static web pages might require fewer machines. Since performance with high I/O is required for this class of servers, they typically are not virtualized. Because this layer needs to be highly available, a Red Hat Enterprise Linux Premium subscription ($1,299 per server per year), along with the Red Hat Enterprise Linux High Availability Add-On ($399 per server per year), is recommended. The Premium subscription also provides unlimited 24x7 online and telephone support. The comparable Microsoft offering is Windows Server 2008 R2 Enterprise Edition ($3,919 per server license), which includes high-availability clustering. Add Software Assurance ($980 per server per year) and 24x7 telephone support to cover ten incidents ($515 per incident) to achieve a level of support equal to the Red Hat Enterprise Linux Premium subscription.

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The following summarizes the costs for all licenses, Software Assurance support, and additional Incident Support fees that are required to deploy the application tier in this scenario:

Red Hat Enterprise Linux Operating system High availability Five Premium subscriptions $6,495 per year Five High Availability Add-On subscriptions $1,995 per year Included at no extra cost

Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2 Five Enterprise Edition licenses $19,595 Included with license

Software updates

Software Assurance for OS (at 25% of license costs) $4,899 per year Unlimited 24x7 online support incidents included at no extra cost and ten Incident Support calls per year $5,150 per year

Technical support

Unlimited 24x7 online and telephone incidents included at no extra cost

$150,000 $113,928 $100,000 $84,900 $50,000 $52,203 $25,470 $0 3 5 10

RHEL0008

$69,839 $42,450

Microsoft Windows Server solution Red Hat Enterprise Linux solution

NUMBER OF APPLICATION TIER SERVERS IN CLUSTER

Figure 4: Five-year cost of operating system ownership in the application tier

Data tier
A reliable data tier architecture for this scenario can be built with a cluster of three, foursocket x86 servers, with two arranged in an active/active configuration for database operation, and the third available as a passive failover server. The four-socket servers in this case are used to ensure high database performance; to further maximize database performance and transactional throughput, the servers in the data tier in this scenario are not virtualized. Note that this configuration can be scaled upward by adding more servers, or downward by removing one of the active servers.

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RED HAT ENTERPRISE LINUX: A HIGHER-VALUE AND LOWER-COST ALTERNATIVE TO MICROSOFT WINDOWS SERVER 2008 R2

DATA TIER Active Active Passive/ Failover

4 sockets each

RHEL0003

Figure 5: E-commerce website data tier

To meet the availability, support, and maintenance needs of an operating system on four-socket servers in this data tier, a Red Hat Enterprise Linux Premium subscription ($2,598 per foursocket server per year) for 24x7 support is recommended, along with the Red Hat Enterprise Linux High Availability Add-On ($798 per four-socket server per year) for failover clustering.
4 Windows Server 2008 Client Access Licensing, See Licensing Reference Guide in Microsoft Reference section.

The equivalent Microsoft configuration on the same hardware is the Windows Server 2008 R2 Datacenter Edition ($11,996 per four-socket server). This provides the data tier with highavailability clustering similar to the Red Hat solution, and is priced per socket. Because servers in the data tier must communicate with up to five servers in the application tier, and because the Datacenter Edition license does not include any CALs, a five-CAL Pack ($199 per server)4 is included in the data tier pricing calculation. To get support comparable to a Red Hat Enterprise Linux subscription, you must purchase a Microsoft Software Assurance plan ($2,999 per server license per year and $50 per CAL Pack per year) for the software on each of the servers and include 24x7 telephone support to cover ten incidents ($515 per incident) .

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The following summarizes the costs required to deploy the data tier in this scenario.

Red Hat Enterprise Linux Operating system High availability Three Premium subscriptions $7,794 per year Three High Availability Add-On subscriptions $2,394 per year Included at no extra cost Included at no extra cost

Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2 Three Datacenter Edition licenses $35,988 Included with license

Connection to other servers Software updates

Three CAL 5-packs $597 Software Assurance for OS and CALs (at 25% of license costs) $9,146 per year Unlimited 24x7 online support incidents included at no extra cost and ten Incident Support calls per year $5,150 per year

Technical support

Unlimited 24x7 online and telephone incidents included at no extra cost

Figure 6 shows that, as the data tier scales up or down in number of servers, Red Hat maintains a cost advantage over a Microsoft-based solution (and the savings increases as the solution scales up, since more Microsoft CALs are required to maintain connection with the increased number of servers).

$180,000 $160,000 $140,000 $120,000 $100,000 $80,000 $60,000 $40,000 $20,000 $0 2 3 NUMBER OF SERVERS CLUSTERED 5
RHEL0011

$162,944 Microsoft Windows Server 2008R2 Datacenter Edition solution $84,900 $50,940 Red Hat Enterprise Linux solution

$108,066 $80,628

$33,960

Figure 6: Five-year cost of operating system ownership in the data tier

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Cost comparison roll-up

Figure 7 highlights the total solution costs of Red Hat- and Microsoft-based solutions for deploying the e-commerce website in this scenario. The cost comparison is based on list pricing of Red Hat Enterprise Linux and Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2. Requirements differ from company to company, however, and if you require significant phone time to resolve incidents or additional per-user access to the application or data tiers, the cost of Microsofts solution will rise even higher.

$600,000 $500,000 $400,000 $300,000 $200,000 $100,000 $0 Small Medium SOLUTION SCALE Large
RHEL0009

$503,170

$297,499 $199,073 $141,350 $83,410

$265,720 Microsoft solution Red Hat solution

Figure 7: Five-year cost of operating system ownership for three-tier e-commerce scenario

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RED HAT ENTERPRISE LINUX: A HIGHER-VALUE AND LOWER-COST ALTERNATIVE TO MICROSOFT WINDOWS SERVER 2008 R2

Conclusion
Choosing Red Hat Enterprise Linux over Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2 provides xsignificant value, including a cost advantage. The outright acquisition cost of the operating system, Red Hats more cost-effective support services, and the lower cost of maintaining the operating system over the life of your investment add up to substantial savings for Red Hat Enterprise Linux customers. Expert IT support at all phases of a platform life cycle is a key requirement for any organization. Red Hat Enterprise Linux subscriptions include more flexible support terms than Microsofts. Red Hat Enterprise Linux gives an unlimited number of incidents without additional charges, meaning youll be less inclined to wait until something breaks before you contact Red Hat. A Red Hat Enterprise Linux subscription lets you contact Red Hat support to discuss the best practices for configuring, deploying, and maintaining your Red Hat Enterprise Linux-based platforms in order to maximize the performance, reliability, and security of the applications that your company and customers depend on. Red Hats subscription model also makes the costs of platform maintenance predictable. Regardless of the number of users or additional servers connected to a Red Hat Enterprise Linux server, the subscription costs remain the same. The same can not be said for a Windows Server 2008 R2 deployment. One cost difference that cant be measured discretely is the cost of a loss of choice. Red Hats commitment to open standards and open source leads to more product choices, reducing costs and giving you flexibility in how you construct your datacenter. You wont be locked into proprietary Microsoft products or APIs. You will have a choice of best-of-breed solutions from leading vendors. Red Hat Enterprise Linux delivers lower cost and more flexible choices for how you deploy, maintain, and grow your IT infrastructure.

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RED HAT ENTERPRISE LINUX: A HIGHER-VALUE AND LOWER-COST ALTERNATIVE TO MICROSOFT WINDOWS SERVER 2008 R2

Appendix A: Intranet content management system (CMS)

A corporate intranet content management system (CMS) supports internal employees and consultants and is used primarily for managing internal documents. This solution has a different set of requirements and expectations than externally facing systems since the scale of usage and the number of users is generally known ahead of time, and system maintenance and backups can be scheduled during off-business hours. Users in this scenario are the employees and consultants of the company, so additional Client Access Licenses (CALs) are needed and will have a significant impact on the overall solution cost.

ONLINE USERS ENTERPRISE

Active

Active

Passive/ Failover
RHEL0004

Figure A1

For this scenario, a community of 300 employees needs to access a server pool to search for, read, and modify any number of documents of various types. The server pool is composed of a cluster of two active and one backup two-socket servers that handle all tiers of the CMS application.

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RED HAT ENTERPRISE LINUX: A HIGHER-VALUE AND LOWER-COST ALTERNATIVE TO MICROSOFT WINDOWS SERVER 2008 R2

Red Hat Enterprise Linux Operating system High availability Three Premium subscriptions $7,794 per year Three High Availability Add-On subscriptions $2,394 per year Included at no extra cost Included at no extra cost

Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2 Three Datacenter Edition licenses $35,988 Included with license

Connection to other servers Software updates

Three CAL 5-packs $597 Software Assurance for OS and CALs (at 25% of license costs) $9,146 per year Unlimited 24x7 online support incidents included at no extra cost and ten Incident Support calls per year $5,150 per year

Technical support

Unlimited 24x7 online and telephone incidents included at no extra cost

$140,000 $120,000 $100,000 $80,000 $60,000 $40,000 $20,000 $0 $17,970 75 $17,970 150 NUMBER OF CMS USERS $17,970 300
RHEL0010

$114,758 Microsoft solution with CALs required Red Hat solution, no CALs required

$64,507 $39,343

Figure A2: Intranet CMS solution five-year costs, including Microsoft Server CALs

As the total number of intranet CMS users increases in this scenario, so does the total cost of the Microsoft-based solution, while the cost of the Red Hat-based solution remains the same regardless of the number of users.

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RED HAT ENTERPRISE LINUX: A HIGHER-VALUE AND LOWER-COST ALTERNATIVE TO MICROSOFT WINDOWS SERVER 2008 R2

References Red Hat references:

Red Hat Enterprise Linux for Servers, http://www.redhat.com/rhel/server/ Red Hat Enterprise Linux for Servers comparison chart, http://www.redhat.com/rhel/server/compare/ Red Hat Enterprise Linux for Servers Resource Center, http://www.redhat.com/rhel/resource_center/ High availability, http://www.redhat.com/rhel/add-ons/high_availability.html

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RED HAT ENTERPRISE LINUX: A HIGHER-VALUE AND LOWER-COST ALTERNATIVE TO MICROSOFT WINDOWS SERVER 2008 R2

Microsoft references:
This paper presents a simplified example of Microsoft licensing for servers and Client Access Licenses (CALS). Review the following references for information related to to your specific requirements: Windows 2008 R2 Comprehensive Resource for Licensing and Pricing, http://download. microsoft.com/download/0/D/9/0D9DDF52-A855-487B-9B74-5A09A9389551/Windows%20 Server%20System%20Center%20and%20Forefront%20Pricing%20and%20Licensing%20 Guide.pdf Windows 2008 R2 Licensing Guide, http://www.microsoft.com/download/en/details. aspx?id=18795 Microsoft Volume Licensing Enterprise Agreement Program Guide, http://download.microsoft. com/download/a/7/0/a70853c1-a783-4d48-a7ad-f404abdb1e7d/Microsoft_Volume_ Licensing_Reference_Guide.pdf Windows Server 2008 R2 Editions, http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/server-cloud/windowsserver/2008-r2-editions.aspx CAL Licensing Guide, http://www.microsoft.com/licensing/about-licensing/client-accesslicense.aspx Windows Server 2008 R2 Clustering and High Availability, http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ clustering/archive/2011/06/17/10176463.aspx Software Assurance Guides: http://www.microsoft.com/licensing/software-assurance/default. aspx Software Assurance Customer Guide: http://download.microsoft.com/download/b/6/f/ b6fbaee0-2465-49ad-92b7-fd31d6bc9ee4/SACustomer_Guide.doc Support pricing: http://support.microsoft. com/?LN=en-us&scid=gp;en-us;offerprophone&x=13&y=10

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ABOUT RED HAT

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