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practices across the global organisation using standard workflows, that are out-of-the-box best-practice procedures for field surveillance, optimisation, diagnostics, allocation and forecasting. Custom workflows can be easy added to the logic layer by the user. The automation of standard tasks, frees the engineering and management teams to concentrate on the added-value activities. Organisation and Auditing - Alignment of the teams, processes and the technology are core to any successful digital oil field implementation. A single repository of the models, data and information for a field allows the organisation to develop a consistent and coherent view of their asset. This common official field representation, the virtual field, records an auditable history of the field over its life. The use of a centralised model and data catalogue can help break down a "siloed" view of single technical disciplines. Moreover, storing the field events and recording the decisions is the foundation for engineering knowledge capture, required for an "expert" system. Data Management - Today, the instrumented fields have a huge volume of measurements coming from wells and equipment sensors often millions of data points from one field, per minute. Making the relevant measurement and data (validated measurements) available at the frequency required, necessitates sophisticated data storage, management, cleansing and filtering of the data, suitable for the required tasks. A scalable, upgradable and extensible data technology has to be at the heart of effective long-term data management, hence productising of the data management through a single-asset data model is a fundamental. The Virtual Field - This is a physical representation of the field through a set of models, i.e. mathematical representations of each component of the field - from reservoir, production and injection network and wells, to the process, economics and planning tools. These multivendor sets of steady and transient models are dynamically linked as an Integrated Production Model to represent and capture the current field response, as well optimise field production and run forecasts.
Historically, Petroleum Experts pioneered the integrated production modelling and management. Today, the direction is to put these
integrated models under a digital oil field system in order to diagnose, validate and - most importantly - optimise the field production automatically using real-time data.
This concept was developed as a product as opposed to a project, allowing very short time of deployment, upgrade as well as scale up. Automatic data model, automatic management and auditing of models as well as intelligent data gathering allow the engineers to focus on the added-value activities. The system also supports the distribution of best practices across the enterprise through the use of workflows.
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The Collaboration Centre
The visualisation layer is the face of the Digital Oil Field, which requires the underlying engineering logic, data management and models to allow the organisation to effectively monitor, manage and operate the field. It provides a coherent view of an oil field, integrating data sets, including the engineering, production, economic, with
visualisation capability in an organised way. With visualisation technology, data and results are exposed to engineers, operators, managers and any other users of the system in visual formats, which can be easily configured.
The standard logic for model updates, optimisation, well rate allocation and forecasting
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Monitoring the operating point of equipment in real time (ESP) Real-time calculations logic using real-time data, measurements and models to calculate results
Engineering and Business Management Logic The tasks and procedures, i.e. workflows, that the teams carry out to monitor, operate, optimise and develop the field can be automated through a layer of logic - business and engineering workflows. This establishes common best practices across the global organisation using standard
workflows, that are out-of-the-box best-practice procedures for field surveillance, optimisation, diagnostics, allocation and forecasting. Custom workflows can be easily added to the logic layer by the user. The automation of standard tasks, frees the engineering and management teams to concentrate on the added-value activities.
Petroleum Experts Integrated Production Modelling suite (IPM) is deployed on its own or as part of set of multi-vendor modelling applications that capture the full characteristics and response of the field, the Virtual Field. Having a model of the field is a prerequisite for implementing the Digital Oil Field. The IPM suite is the industry standard with most international oil and gas companies.
The Virtual Field - This is a physical representation of the field through a set of models, i.e. mathematical representations of each component of the field - from reservoir, production and injection network and wells, to the process, economics and planning tools.
The Organisation
The overall objective of a company or an asset team is generally clear, i.e. the commercial and technical drivers are understood. However, an individual or a particular set of technical discipline may often have a limited view and understanding of the field reality to make the correct decisons. The correct information is often not readily available. The diagram below illustrates in a simplistic way of addressing the challenges to successfully implement the digital oil field. Model Management and auditing - Model Catalogue: The single view, the Virtual Field, composed on the engineering models, reports, spread-sheets and associated data when stored in a central repository and, most importantly being updated and maintained as the field is developed and produces, will facilitate a clearer understanding and awareness of the field. Petroleum Experts describes this repository as the ModelCatalogue: Provides controlled access to the individual models, reports, data and even schematics (different privileges, according to the engineers roles); Ensures only one engineer can perform changes to the official model at a given time; Ensures seamless sharing of models; Keeps track of the evolution of all models versus time and provides access to historical version - if required - in an automated way; Provides seamless access to any on-line system, which will be consuming these models to carry out calculations; Keeps track of who and why performed changes (for auditing and knowledge base development); Allows the association of models with their corresponding input data to keep both models and context data related. For example, the PVT reports, Well and Equipment Drawings, deviations surveys and other documents can be kept catalogued within the same Model Management System. Knowledge Capture Engineering know-how and experience are of paramount importance for the oil and gas companies. The growing scarcity of experienced workers is creating an experience gap that Integrated Field Management technology may help to bridge. Capturing the expert knowledge in an organised and structured manner and supporting collaboration reliably and securely in real time becomes one of the viable channels to increase productivity and fuel a companys ability to grow. The expert knowledge capture within the Petroleum Experts DOF philosophy is supported by introduction of individuals experience into workflows and analysis. The technology described has proven to be a powerful enabler - a catalyst - to create the organisational thinking and transparency to allow the implementation of the successful digital oil field vision. The combined engagement of the organisations management, at all levels, as well as the asset team members will ensure actions are transparent, knowledge is shared and decisions are made with all the available information. This will create value.
Through implementing the Digital Oil Field structure set out in these pages, the managed environment of common data management, model management, standard workflows and a visualisation system will provide the technical framework - this is the enabler - to allow the organisation to better analyse, manage and operate their field.
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Organisation and Auditing Alignment of the teams, processes and the technology are core to any successful digital oil field implementation. A single repository of the models, data and information for a field allows the organisation to develop a consistent and coherent view of their asset. This common official field representation, the virtual field,
records an auditable history of the field over its life. The use of a centralised model and data catalogue can help break down the siloed views of single technical disciplines. Moreover, storing the field events and recording the decisions made is the foundation for engineering knowledge capture, required for an expert system.
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Data Management
The Petroleum Experts Digital Oil Field (DOF) technology enables the transformation of the myriad of different types of data using standard industry applications alongside the Petex tools as will be needed by the DOF system described in this document. Data Management, as part of the digital oil field, has several key components: The historians, databases and data storages all designed to store the real time, as well as operational and associated static data, files and information for the asset; The production data management system (PDMS); The data-processing layer provides filtered and partially processed data to the users. The Historian and Production Data Management System There are a number of historian and PDMS systems in the industry, which capture raw data, process and store information, provide corporate allocation, etc. as well as supplying varying levels data processing, cleansing and filtering. In the context of the DOF, a sophisticated level of data cleansing and data filtering is deployed by Petex to analyse raw data, capture the meaningful field events and provide meaningful correctly representative filtered information. Data Filtering and Cleansing The filtering methodology developed by Petex uses a unique proprietary, as well as the more common published filtering methodologies. Petexs proprietary method provides more sophisticated filtering, using the raw data, physical model responses and expert system to detect changes and hence rationalise data, based on event-driven activities and trends, as illustrated below, right. To detect field events, e.g. equipment performance changes, or to trigger valid alarms, may require raw data to be analysed at a later time, evaluating historical trends and the physical models to determine if something has happened or changed. This is smart filtering. This robust data filtering solution interprets the multitude of data streams to ensure the relevant data is supplied to enable decision-making: High Frequency Data (e.g. measurements coming from the field, including current field conditions, field equipment performance, etc.) enables: alarm monitoring, event detection and well test analysis. Low Frequency Data is used for the Physical Models and to support processing of field data to convert it into meaningful engineering information to be able to predict how the field will respond when conditions change. Single Asset Data Models for the Digital Oil Field A challenge for any DOF system in is to handle the data requirement of multiple applications and users. Typically, this requires data to be input in several location. Petex has created one data or asset model, which is propagated throughout the system, i.e. if a well or a piece of equipment is added, the information is automatically made available for each part of the DOF system to use. Moreover, the same concept is used to link the external PDMS and Historians systems using data wizards to configure the tags and required links. The wizards follow a step-by-step pattern to meet the objective of establishing and testing connection to the external data sources through to tag mapping and configuration of data retrieval. Any new tag mappings, modifications to existing tag mappings, field measurements or equipment can be easily added managed through the wizards.
Advanced filtering and data cleansing, uses sophisticated Petex proprietary techniques
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Data Management Instrumented fields have a huge volume of measurements coming from wells and equipment sensors often millions of data points from one field, per minute. Making the relevant measurement and data (validated measurements) available at the frequency required, necessitates sophisticated data storage, management, cleansing
and filtering of the data, suitable for the required tasks. A scalable, upgradable and extensible data technology has to be at the heart of effective long-term data management, hence productising of the data management through a single-asset data model is a fundamental.
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Notes
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Petroleum Experts
Head Ofce Petroleum Experts Ltd. Petex House 10 Logie Mill Edinburgh, EH7 4HG Scotland, UK Tel: +44 (0) 131 474 7030 Fax: +44 (0) 131 474 7031 e-mail: edinburgh@petex.com
Regional Ofces Petroleum Experts Inc. 757 N. Eldridge Pkwy. Suite 510 Houston, Texas, 77079 USA Tel: +1 281 531 1121 Fax: +1 281 531 0810 e-mail: houston@petex.com
Petroleum Experts Inc. 108 KOL Drive, Broussard, LA 70518 USA Tel: +1 337 839 1020 Fax: +1 337 839 1022 e-mail: lafayette@petex.com
2011 (R1)
Web: www.petroleumexperts.com