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Answer: DC Generators are characterized by the method in which the flux is produced in the magnetizing circuit ( Field Winding ) of the DC generator. The flux required for the DC Generator is produced by 1. A Permanent magnet 2. Field Coils excited by the external source 3. Field Coils excited by the same source. Based on the method of excitation flux produced DC Generators are Characterized by
External Characteristics:
This curve gives the relation between the terminal voltage and armature current under constant speed and excitation.
Electrical Question 3: Why Saturation Curve for the DC Generator does not start with zero ?
Answer: Saturation curve or Magnetization curve in a DC Generator gives the relation between the Field Ampere turns (X axis) required to produce the flux per pole ( Y axis ). This curve starts from a point which is slightly higher than the origin representing that there is some flux produced by the field poles even no current is passed through the field windings. This flux produced is because of the property called residual magnetism which always exists in the DC Generator with out which DC Generator cannot be started.
Where K is the constant is the flux and N is the speed of the DC Generator Under constant speed the emf generated of the dc generator proportional to the flux .Which is produced with the amount of field current. Therefore it is a curve drawn between the generating emf produced under no load and field current when the machine is running at constant speed. It is the curve drawn under no load,so it is called open circuit characteristics of the machine.
Electrical Questions 5: Given the OCC curve and what happen when the field resistance of the generator increases ?
When the field resistance of the DC generator increases then the slope of the OCC characteristics of the dc generator increases, i.e, the line will move to the left towards the vertical position. This can be explained with the help of Ohms law.
Electrical Questions 7: What are the causes of failure to build up voltage in DC Generator ?
Answer: In a DC Generator voltage will be build up in a step wise manner. Some of the reasons for the generator failure to build up the voltage are 1. No Residual magnetism 2. Reversal of Field connections ( destroys the residual magnetism when connections reversed) 3. Resistance of the field winding is more than the Critical Resistance