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Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search This article is about the municipality in Uttar Pradesh, India. For its namesake district, see Jaunpur district. For other uses, see Jaunpur (disambiguation). This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. No cleanup reason has been specified. Please help improve this article if you can. (July 2008)

Jaunpur
city

Shahi bridge, Jaunpur

Jaunpur Coordinates: 25.73N 82.68ECoordinates: 25.73N 82.68E

Country India Uttar Pradesh State District Jaunpur Area Total 4,038 km2 (1,559 sq mi) 82 m (269 ft) Elevation Population (2011) Total 4,476,072 Density 1,108/km2 (2,870/sq mi) Languages Official Hindi Time zone IST (UTC+5:30) Sex ratio 1000 males per 1018 females / Jaunpur (Hindi: , Urdu: ) is a city and a municipal board in Jaunpur district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Jaunpur district is located to the northwest of the district of Varanasi in the eastern part of the North Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Jaunpur has a population of 4,476,072[1] people according to official census report of India 2011. Demographically, Jaunpur resembles the rest of the Purvanchal area in which it is located: a primarily rural agricultural population with high illiteracy and low human development index.

Contents

1 History 2 Modern day 3 Demographics 4 Rivers of Jaunpur 5 Transportation o 5.1 Rail o 5.2 Road 6 Rulers 7 Educational institutes o 7.1 University o 7.2 Sport 8 Industries o 8.1 SIDA (Satharia Industrial Development Authority)

9 Landmarks o 9.1 Monuments o 9.2 Holy places 10 Local products 11 Notable people 12 References 13 External links

History
This section does not cite any references or sources. (January 2012) Further information: Sultanate of Jaunpur Jaunpur historically known as Sheeraz-e-Hind having its historical dates from 1359, when the city was founded by the Sultan of Delhi Feroz Shah Tughlaq and named in memory of his cousin, Muhammad bin Tughluq, whose given name was Jauna Khan.[2] In 1388, Feroz Shah Tughlaq appointed Malik Sarwar, a eunuch, as the governor of the region. The Sultanate was in disarray because of factional fighting for power, and in 1393 Malik Sarwar declared independence. He and his adopted son Mubarak Shah founded what came to be known as the Sharqi dynasty (dynasty of the East). During the Sharqi period the Jaunpur Sultanate was a strong military power in Northern India, and on several occasions threatened the Delhi Sultanate.

Silver coin of 32 rattis issued by Ibrahim Shah of Jaunpur.

It depicts the elephant Citranand attacking another, called Udiya, during the Mughal campaign against the rebel forces of Khan Zaman and Bahadur Khan in 1567. The Jaunpur Sultanate attained its greatest height under the younger brother of Mubarak Shah, who ruled as Shams ud-din Ibrahim Shah (ruled 1402-1440). To the east, his kingdom extended to Bihar, and to the west, to Kanauj; he even marched on Delhi at one point. Under the aegis of a Muslim holy man named Qutb al-Alam, he threatened the Sultanate of Bengal under Raja Ganesha.[3] During the reign of Husain Shah (145676), the Jaunpur army was perhaps the biggest in India, and Husain decided to attempt a conquest of Delhi. However, he was defeated on three successive attempts by Bahlul Khan Lodi. Finally, under Sikandar Lodi, the Delhi Sultante was able to reconquer Jaunpur in 1493, bringing that sultanate to an end. The Jaunpur Sultanate was a major center of Urdu and Sufi knowledge and culture. The Sharqi dynasty was known for its excellent communal relations between Muslims and Hindus, perhaps stemming from the fact that the Sharqis themselves were originally indigenous converts to Islam, as opposed to descendants of Persians or Afghans. Jaunpur's independence came to an end in 1480, when the city was conquered by Sikander Lodhi, the Sultan of Delhi. The Sharqi kings attempted for several years to retake the city, but ultimately failed. Although many of the Sharqi monuments were destroyed when the Lodis took the city, several important mosques remain, most notably the Atala Masjid, Jama Masjid (now known as the Bari (big mosque) Masjid) and the Lal Darwaza Masjid. The Jaunpur mosques display a unique architectural style, combining traditional Hindu and Muslim motifs with purely original elements. The old bridge over the Gomti River in Jaunpur dates from 1564, the era of the

Mughal emperor Akbar. The Jaunpur Quilla, a fortress from the Tughlaq era, also remains in ruined form. Jaunpur district was annexed into British India based on the Permanent settlement of 1779, and thus was subject to the Zamindari system of land revenue collection. During the Revolt of 1857 the Sikh troops in Jaunpur joined the Indian rebels. The district was eventually reconquered for the British by Gurkha troops from Nepal. Jaunpur then became a district administrative center. Hasan khan

Modern day
Jaunpur district shares the underdevelopment of most of Eastern Uttar Pradesh. There are currently no major industries operating in the city, and traditional industries such as perfume making have become increasingly unviable. Under the initiative of the UP government, an Industrial Area has been set up in the Sathariya region of the district to promote industrial growth and expansion[citation needed]. Land is being allotted to budding industrialists and the government has plans to help people of this region develop more and more industries[citation needed]. During the past three years Jaunpur city has experienced a growing corporate presence in financial services as well as in the organized retail sector.[citation needed] Jaunpur is the district headquarters. The district has 2 Lok Sabha and 9 Vidhan Sabha constituencies.

Demographics
As per provisional data of 2011 census, Jaunpur had a population of 168,128, out of which males were 88,704 and females were 79,424. The literacy rate was 82.11 per cent.[4] See also: List of cities in Uttar Pradesh

Rivers of Jaunpur
Gomati, Sai, Varuna, Pili, and Basuhi are the five rivers which make its land fertile.[5] It is one of the most densely rural districts in UP.

Transportation
Rail
Jaunpur is well-connected with all major cities of India thanks to Indian Railways, it has three major railway stations namely Jaunpur City Station (JOP) and Jaunpur Junction, Shahganj Junction (SHG).janghai junction, Kerakat Station (KKT). Mughalsarai, Varanasi and Allahabad railway stations are also easily reachable from here, Godaan express is a daily train to Mumbai

(erstwhile Bombay) from JNU; Shramjeevi is daily train to Delhi.farraka and sadbhavana express are other trains which run on various days to delhi.

Road
Jaunpur is well connected to Lucknow, Varanasi, Allahabad and other cities like Azamgarh, Mirzapur, Janghai, Sultanpur, Ghazipur etc. NH-56, SH-36 are the roadways connecting all major cities to Jaunpur.

Rulers
Sharqi Dynasty

Malik Sarwar Khwaja-yi Jahan (13941399) Malik Qaranful Mubarrak Shah (13991401) Ibrahim Shams-ud-Din (14011440) Mahmud Shah (14401458) Mohammed Shah Bhikan Khan (1458) Husain Shah (14581483)

Educational institutes
Jaunpur district has more than 50 Graduate and post graduate institutes and more than 200 undergraduate colleges and more than 300 colleges up to high school. In recent years, some professional and Management institute opened such as Prasad Engineering, IPM etc. There are many major educational institutions in Jaunpur City which are famous throughout the nation. There is also a Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya situated 21 km south from the district headquarter on Lumbini - Duddhi Road in Katghara Village near Mariahu Tehsil.

University

Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University

Sport

Khan Cricket club Ranno Jaunpur

Industries
SIDA (Satharia Industrial Development Authority)

Satharia Industrial Development Authority was established in November 1989 by the Govt. of Uttar Pradesh, under U.P. Industrial Area Development Act, 1976 to facilitate concentrated effort on Industrial development of eastern Uttar Pradesh. In its 1st phase of activity, the authority has a fully developed growth center area on 508 acres of land, under growth center scheme of Govt. of India. Virtually all kind of industrial, commercial and social infrastructural facilities, such as Medical, Educational, Residential, Roads, Transportation, drainage, Telecommunication, dedicated industrial power 33/11 KV supply, post office, bank water supply, community center, shopping center, field hostel etc., have been fully established and are operative.[6]

Landmarks
There are a number of tourist attractions in Jaunpur. Every year thousands of visitors come from every corner of the world to visit Jaunpur. The tourist attractions in Jaunpur include monuments, museums, and holy places.-->

Monuments

Shahi Bridge Shahi Quila Jaunpur Fort Sadbhavana Bridge, Jaunpur

Holy places

Jaunpur Atala Masjid.

Jaunpur Jama Masjid

Atala Masjid, Jaunpur Jama Masjid, Jaunpur Lal Darwaza Masjid, Jaunpur Kadam Rasool Sadar Imambara Diyawan Mahadev Mandir Shitla Choukiya Dham Anchala Devi Temple of Maihar Devi Temple of Sheetla Devi Trilochan Mahadev Temple, Jaunpur Sai Nath Mahadev Temple, Jaunpur

Local products

Famous Imarti, a sweet like jalebi made from urad By Beni Ram Devi Prasad (1855) Jaunpuri Mooli,[7] a daikon (radish) that grow up to four feet long Perfumes, or itra ( in Urdu)

Notable people

Ravi Kishan Bhojpuri actor Hasan Khan Cricketer Dr. Lal Ji Singh Indian molecular biologist

References

1. ^ "Jaunpur Population Census 2011, Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh literacy sex ratio and density". Retrieved 16 March 2012. 2. ^ Stan Goron and J.P. Goenka: The Coins of the Indian Sultanates, New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal, 2001. 3. ^ Goron and Goenka, p. 343. 4. ^ "Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above". Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011. Retrieved 2012-07-07. 5. ^ Cf. "Jaunpur" article in 1911 Encyclopdia Britannica, p.282. 6. ^ "About SIDA". 7. ^ "Jaunpur's raddish". Retrieved 16 March 2012.

External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Jaunpur Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopdia Britannica article Jaunpur.

Hindi Website English website "Jaunpur". Encyclopedia Americana. 1920. [show]

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Cities and towns in Jaunpur district

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