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I. OBJECTIVES
1. To determine quiescent voltages and currents of a voltage divider circuit. 2. To construct DC loadline from the saturated current and cut-off voltage. 3. To investigate the biasing accuracy of a voltage divider circuit
Biasing is the application of dc voltage in order for the transistor to function properly. With proper biasing, ac signals can be applied to the transistor input resulting in amplified non-distorted output signal. The biasing circuit determines the dc operating point for the transistor. The bias circuit is composed of the dc power sources, the transistor and resistors. The dc voltages and currents in the circuit establish the dc operating point. The dc operating point is also known as the quiescent point or Q-point. The Q-point establishes the dc voltages and currents which amplification will take place for the transistor.
III. MATERIALS
Quantity
1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1
Description
50K (1/2 W) 10K (1/2 W) 1K (1/2 W) 5K (1/2 W) 2N3904 NPN transistor 0 15V DC Power Supply VOM Breadboard set of connecting wires
R1 50k
RC 5k
3 15 V 2N3904
R2 10k
RE 1k
V. PROCEDURE
1. Connect the circuit shown in Figure 5.1. Adjust the dc power supply to 15V. 2. With your VOM, measure the voltages across the emitter and collector resistance. Using Ohms law, determine the corresponding current and record the value in the table. 3. Measure the VB, VE and VCE. Record the result in Table 5.1. 4. Using your VOM, measure the Q-collector current (Ic) by measuring the corresponding voltage drop across the corresponding typical base-emitter voltage of 0.7V. 5. Determine the saturation and cut-off points in the DC load line of the current and record it
VIII. GRAPHS
X. CONCLUSIONS
b. unstable voltage at collector c. stable quiescent point (Q-point) d. very large base current 2. What are the advantages of voltage divider over the base bias and the emitter bias?
Based on the readings appearing in the Figure, determine whether the transistor is ON and the network is operating properly by simulating the circuit and proving the result by computation.
20V
80k
20k
1k
2N1711 R2