MSC - Software EFEA 2012 User's Guide

MSC.
Software
EFEA 2012 Users Guide

Main Index

2

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George Karypis and Vipin Kumar. SIAM J ournal on Scientific Computing, Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 359-392, 1999.
Revision 0. October 9, 2011
NA:V2012:Z:Z:Z:DC-EFEA
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I . I ntroduction

The Energy Finite Element Analysis (EFEA) and Energy Boundary Element Analysis
(EBEA) provides a powerful solution for high frequency acoustics. In contrast to
traditional FEA solvers that use displacements as the primary variables, the EFEA
methods use energy based variables which enables noise and vibration simulations at
much higher frequencies than those attained by conventional FEA analysis. The EBEA
solution provides airborne noise loads for use by the EFEA solution. The combination of
EBEA and EFEA methods can be used to predict the interior noise levels in a vehicle due
to exterior acoustic sources. These new solvers are provided through collaboration with
Michigan Engineering Services and are provided as a pre-release in MD Nastran 2010.
The EFEA (Energy Finite Element Analysis) program requires a single input data file
which contains all the required data for the analysis. The order in which the information
is contained in the data file is not important.

Solid finite elements are used for modeling interior acoustic spaces. If the model does
not contain any interior acoustic medium (i.e. only a structural vibration analysis is
performed), then Sections 3 5 do not exist in the data file. A Pre-EFEA code is utilized
for generating the EFEA input data file from the finite element model. The following
procedure must be followed when generating the EFEA input data file.

Step 1 Create the conventional FEA model using a pre-processing software. Use a
general purpose pre-processor for creating the finite element model. The
model is created just like a conventional finite element model is created, but
without considering the rule of having 6 linear elements per wavelength. The
size of each element can be large, as long as the model captures the main
geometric characteristics of the physical system it models. A single model
must contain all structural and acoustic elements. Each structural node and
element, and each acoustic node and element must have a unique ID number.
Different material properties should be indicated through a different property
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ID number. The entire finite element model needs to be exported from the pre-
processor in NASTRAN short fixed format.

Step 2 Run the Pre-EFEA code on the conventional FEA model. The finite element
model constructed using a pre-processor comprises the main input for the Pre-
EFEA code. The pre-EFEA code detects all geometric features, changes in
material properties, intersections between components, interfaces between
structural and acoustic elements, and automatically performs the following
actions:

disconnects the model at each joint location by adding appropriate nodes
and by updating the connectivity of the elements
creates all the necessary joints among structural elements or between
structural and acoustic elements
creates the EFEA input data file which contains all the nodes and elements
for the structural and acoustic parts of the model (with modified node
numbers and accordingly updated element connectivity at the joints), and
all the necessary cards which define the joint connections

The Pre-EFEA code automates a very tedious process and creates the majority of the data
file for the EFEA analysis.

Step 3 Modify the EFEA model file generated by the Pre-EFEA code. The user must
edit the EFEA input data file created from the Pre-EFEA code in order to
provide information about:

the excitation (input power, location, and frequency)
material properties (for the structural components and for each acoustic
domain)
geometry information for the radiation efficiency computations
acoustic absorption properties for representing acoustic treatment
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the solver option
the format of the requested output

If the substructuring option is NOT utilized then NO further step is required before
executing the EFEA solver. If the substructuring option is selected, then the user must
use the pre-processor and divide the original finite element model into substructures. It is
advisable to define the substructures in a manner that minimizes the interface between
substructures. Separating the entire finite element model (both structural and acoustic
elements) into groups of elements constitutes the definition of the substructures. Each
group can contain both structural and acoustic elements and dividing the model into
groups of elements (i.e. substructures) strictly depends on the geometry. The user needs
to output each group of elements (i.e. substructure) into a separate file. Typically, this is
feasible by making one group at a time active within the pre-processor and then writing
out the active group. Each file generated from this process constitutes one of the
sub*.elem files. * is the substructure number starting from 1 and increasing
sequentially. It does not matter if the nodes retain the old numbering scheme in the
sub*.elem files. The information which is utilized by the solver for defining each
substructure is the element numbers only. One important check is to ensure that the total
number of elements in all the sub*.elem files is equal with the total number of elements
in the EFEA input data file.

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I I . Running EFEA code

The syntax for running the EFEA code is:

EFEA inputfile outputfile

In this syntax, inputfile is a user defined input data file name, which contains all the
required data for the EFEA analysis; outputfile is the user specified output file name,
EFEA will output all results in this specified file.

Lengths of both inpufile and outputfile should be less than 80 characters.

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I I I . I nput format for the data file for the EFEA analysis

This section of the Users Manual describes all possible entries in the EFEA input data file. For
all entries defined in NASTRAN format (i.e. GRID, CQUAD4, CTRIA3, CBAR, CHEXA,
CPENTA, CTETRA, CBUSH, CFAST, CWELD, CWSEAM, PBUSH, PFAST, PWELD,
PWSEAM) the NASTRAN fixed short format must be used. For all other entries a free format
can be used with at least one empty space used as a separator between fields. The length of any
input entry must not exceed 80 characters. The function and the required input format for all
available cards are defined in the following sections (the sequence of defining any one of the
entries in the data file is not important). In the most general case there are five distinct sections
of information in the data file:

Section 1 Contains information about the excitation, the physical material properties, the
solution options, and the required format of the results.
Section 2 Contains the nodes and the elements for the entire structural model in NASTRAN
short fixed format. This Section also contains information about all the joints
defined among structural elements.
Section 3 Contains the nodes and the elements for the entire acoustic model in NASTRAN
short fixed format.
Section 4 Contains all the joint definitions between acoustic elements and structural elements.
Section 5 Contains information about the acoustic absorption boundary conditions.

All functions are listed alphabetically in each section.

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Section 1:
Includes information about the excitation frequencies, the type and location of the excitations,
the physical material properties of all the elements (structural and acoustic), the requested solver,
and the format of the required output.
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ACOUS Input power in acoustic

Specify the frequency-dependent acoustic input power at a particular acoustic node. The
amplitude of the input power at a frequency is equal to the scale factor q times the value in table
qtb at the corresponding frequency. This entry must be located in a load case defined by a pair of
SUBCASE and ENDSUBCASE entries.

Format:

ACOUS nid q qtb

Example:

ACOUS 100 90.0 1

Note:

nid The ID number of the node where the input power is prescribed. [integer]
q Scale factor. [Real]
qtb ID number of the DTABLE entry.

Remarks:

The acoustic input power from an acoustic source with the strength of V can be calculated by
c k
V
8
0 0
2
2

=
where
0
is the density of acoustic medium,
0
c is the speed of sound in the acoustic medium, k
is the wave number in the acoustic medium.

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ASOURCE Acoustic source in fluid

Specify the frequency-dependent acoustic source at a particular acoustic node. The amplitude of
the source at a frequency is equal to the scale factor s times the value in table stb at the
corresponding frequency. This entry must be located in a load case defined by a pair of

Format:

ASOURCE nid s stb

Example:

ASOURCE 100 90.0 1

Note:

s Scale factor. [Real]
stb ID number of the DTABLE entry.

Remarks:

The acoustic source strength is defined as the volume velocity amplitude V of the acoustic
source. The acoustic input power from this acoustic source can be calculated by
c k
V
8
0 0
2
2

=
where
0
0
c is the speed of sound in the acoustic medium, k
is the wave number in the acoustic medium.
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CHECK Set flag for model check-up

Set the flags to activate model integrity check-up.

Format:

CHECK field
1
field
2

Example:

CHECK CQUAD4

Note:

field
i
=CQUAD4 Activate the check-up of CQUAD4 element for bow-tie shape.

Remarks:

Currently the check-up is only available for bow-tie shape CQUAD4 elements.

When any bow-tie shape CQUAD element is detected, the EFEA code will issue an error
message and stop.

In the future, more fieldi may be available for other check-ups.

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BARRI ER Input mass barrier

Specify the mass barrier added on the base panels (e.g. mass barriers on the vehicle floors or
dashes).

Format:

BARRI ER pid mb

Example:

BARRIER 1 2.5

Note:

pid Refers to the ID number of PLATE entry, on which the mass barrier is added.
mb Surface mass density of the mass barrier. [Real]

Remarks:

When the mass barrier is added on the base panels (e.g. mass barriers on the vehicle floors or
dashes), their influence on the acoustic performance of the base panels can be expressed by the
modified mass law transmission effect. Usually, these barriers are assumed weakly reactive and
thus not affecting the dynamics of the base panel. The modified normal mass law transmission
coefficient from acoustic enclosure 1 to acoustic enclosure 3 through a panel with mass barrier
applied can be written as
(
(
(
(
(
|
|
.
|
\
| +
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
=
2
3 3
2
3 3
1 1
3 3
1 1
1
4
c
m t
c
c
c
c
B s s
normal

where
B
m is the surface mass density of the mass barrier. Similarly, equations (13) and (14) can
be used to calculate the corresponding field mass law transmission coefficient.
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CMAT2 Plate material anisotropic property definition

Define a frequency dependent anisotropic material property data set for plate elements.

Format:

CMAT id G
11
G
12
G
13
G
22
G
23
G
33

b

l

s
tb
1
tb
2
tb
3

Example:

CMAT2 1 1.0E11 1.7E10 2.7E10 1.6E10 1.0E10 2.1E10 2791.5 0.01 0.01 0.01 1 1 1

Note:

id A unique material ID associated with the data set. [Integer]
G
ij
The material property matrix. [Real]
Mass density. [Real]
b
Scale factor for defining the frequency-dependent damping loss factor for the bending
wave. The value of the damping loss factor at a frequency is equal to the scale factor
b

times the value in table tb
1
at the corresponding frequency.
l
Scale factor for defining the frequency-dependent damping loss factor for the
longitudinal wave. The value of the damping loss factor at a frequency is equal to the
scale factor
l
2
s
Scale factor for defining the frequency-dependent damping loss factor for the shear wave.
The value of the damping loss factor at a frequency is equal to the scale factor
s
times
the value in table tb
3
tb
i
ID number of the DTABLE entry.
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CPLATE Anisotropic plate element property definition

Specify the frequency-dependent physical property (transmission loss) data set for anisotropic
plate elements.

Format:

CPLATE id t mid1 mid2 ns L
1
L
2
e
1
fmid
1
e
2
fmid
2
y
j
z
j
w*(y
j
,z
j
) tl
1
tl
2
tltb
1
tltb
2

Example:

CPLATE 1 0.001 2 3 1 0.19 0.47 0.0 1 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.22 0.22 1 1

Note:

id A unique ID number associated with the data set. [Integer]
t The thickness of the plate. [Real]
mid1 The CMAT2 ID number for in-plane material properties of the plate.[Integer]
mid2 The CMAT2 ID number for bending material properties of the plate.[Integer]
ns Number of plate sides contacted with exterior free-field fluid. [Integer]
L
1
,L
2
The characteristic dimensions of the plate (length and width, respectively).[Real]
e
1
The acoustic radiation efficiency of the plate. If the value is set to zero, the program will
compute the acoustic radiation efficiency for the plate.[Real]
fmid
1
The material ID of exterior fluid contacts with plate at one side.[integer]
e
2
The acoustic radiation efficiency of the plate (only necessary when ns is set to 2). If the
value is set to zero, the program will compute the acoustic radiation efficiency for the
plate.[Real]
fmid
2
The material ID of exterior fluid contacts with plate at another side(only necessary when
ns is set to 2).[integer]
y
j
, z
j
The coordinates of the edge of plate which connect to a stiffener. (The origin of the
coordinate is the shear center of the stiffener) [Real]
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w*(y
j
,z
j
)The warping coefficient of a stiffener. [Real]
tl
1
Scale factor for defining the user-specified frequency-dependent transmission loss factor
(dB) from acoustic medium 1 to acoustic medium 2. The value of this transmission loss
factor at a frequency is equal to the scale factor tl
1
times the value in table tltb
1
at the
corresponding frequency.
tl
2
2
2
at the
tltb
1
tltb
2
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DTABLE Table constants

Defines a table with a set of values v
i
which are related to the frequencies listed in FREQ
entries. The number of v
i
in a DTABLE entry should be equal to the total number of frequencies
defined in all FREQ entries and in the same sequence. This entry can be used to define the
frequency-dependent parameters (i.e. frequency-dependent excitations, frequency-dependent
material properties).

Format:

DTABLE I D v
1
v
2
v
n

Example:

DTABLE 1 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0

Note:

I D The ID number of a table. [Integer]
v
i
The corresponding value at different frequencies.
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EDACS Acoustic energy density constraint

Specify the frequency-dependent acoustic energy density at a particular acoustic node. The value
of the energy density at a frequency is equal to the scale factor e times the value in table etb at
the corresponding frequency. This entry must be located in a load case defined by a pair of

Format:

EDACS nid e etb

Example:

EDACS 100 90.0 1

Note:

nid The ID number of the node where the energy density is prescribed. [integer]
e Scale factor. [Real]
etb ID number of the DTABLE entry.

Remarks:

The acoustic energy density
A
e
~
can be calculated by
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ =
2
0 0
2
2
0
4
1
~
c
p
u e
A

where
0
0
c is the speed of sound in the acoustic medium, u
is the acoustic particle velocity, p is the acoustic pressure.
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EDPLTB Bending energy density constraint at plate node

Specify the frequency-dependent bending energy density at a particular structural node. The
value of the energy density at a frequency is equal to the scale factor e times the value in table
etb at the corresponding frequency. This entry must be located in a load case defined by a pair of

Format:

EDPLTB nid e etb

Example:

EDPLTB 100 90.0 1

Note:


Remarks:

The bending energy density
B
e
~
of plate can be calculated by
2 ~
w e
s B
=
where
s
is the material density of plate,
2
w is the mean square normal velocity of plate.
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EDPLTI P Longitudinal energy density constraint at plate node

Specify the frequency-dependent longitudinal energy density at a particular structural node. The
value of the energy density at a frequency is equal to the scale factor e times the value in table
etb at the corresponding frequency. This entry must be located in a load case defined by a pair of

Format:

EDPLTI P nid e etb

Example:

EDPLTIP 100 90.0 1

Note:


Remarks:

The longitudinal energy density
L
e
~
2 ~
L s L
u e =
where
s
2
L
u is the mean square in-plane velocity of plate
corresponding to the dilational motion of plate.
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EDPLTSH In-plane shear energy density constraint at plate node

Specify the frequency-dependent shear energy density at a particular structural node. The value
of the energy density at a frequency is equal to the scale factor e times the value in table etb at
the corresponding frequency. This entry must be located in a load case defined by a pair of

Format:

EDPLTSH nid e etb

Example:

EDPLTSH 100 90.0 1

Note:


Remarks:

The in-plane shear energy density
S
e
~
2 ~
S s S
u e =
where
s
2
S
u is the mean square in-plane velocity of plate
corresponding to the rotational motion of plate.
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EFEA_PS Periodic stiffener property definition

Defines the properties of a periodically stiffened cylinder or flat plate (for the stiffened cylinder
case, the stiffener is simulated as a physical property in the EFEA model, this stiffener is not an
independent element; for the stiffened flat plate case, the stiffener is simulated by plate elements
in EFEA model), the transmission coefficient through the periodic stiffeners is calculated based
on the PS theory method.

Format:

EFEA_PS PSID PSSTYLE RID PID LENGTH WIDTH RADIUS OFFSET1 OFFSET2 EMU

Example:

EFEA_PS 1 1 2 2 0.3607 0.1596 0.6096 1.34E-3 1.59E-2

Note:

PSI D A unique ID number associated with the data set.
PSI D refers to #rpid in PJ OI NT entry.
PSSTYLE Periodic stiffener type.
=1 Ring periodic stiffeners attached to a cylinder
=2 Axial periodic stiffeners attached to a cylinder
=3 Period stiffeners (simulated as plate elements) attached to a flat plate
RI D If PSSTYLE=1 or 2, RI D refers to the ID number of RI B entry, which defines
the geometry properties of the periodic stiffener.
If PSSTYLE=3, RI D refers to the ID number of PLATE entry, which defines the
geometry properties of the plate which acts as the periodic stiffener attached to a
flat plate.
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PI D Refers to the ID number of PLATE entry, which defines properties of the
cylinder (when PSSTYLE=1 or 2) or flat plate (when PSSTYLE=3) attached by
the periodic stiffeners.
LENGTH &
WI DTH Geometry sizes of the bay of the cylinder (or flat plate) between adjacent periodic
stiffeners.
For periodic ring stiffeners:
LENGTH is the distance along the cylinder generator between two ring stiffeners
(Figure 1-3).
WI DTH is the size of plate element along the circumference of the cylinder used
in EFEA model.
For periodic stiffeners in the axial direction:
LENGTH is the length of axial stiffener along the cylinder generator (Figure 1-
4).
WI DTH is the distance along the cylinder circumference between two axial
stiffeners (Figure 1-4).
For periodic stiffener attached to the flat plate case:
LENGTH is the length of stiffener (Figure 1-5).
WI DTH is the distance between two adjacent stiffeners (Figure 1-5).
RADI US The radius of the cylinder attached by the periodic stiffeners.
=9999 For periodic stiffeners attached to the flat plate case.
OFFSET1 &
OFFSET2 Offsets of the stiffener center to the attached cylinder or flat plate surface.
OFFSET1 the default value is equal to 0 (it has to be equal to zero if the stiffener
is symmetric)
OFFSET2 is the distance from the center of stiffener to the attached cylinder or
flat plate surface.
EMU Specifies for a user defined propagation constant for periodically stiffened
cylinder. If blank (recommended), the propagation constant will be calculated by
codes based on PS theory.

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Remarks:

For type 1 where periodic ring stiffeners attach to a cylinder, geometric parameters
LENGTH and RADI US are used in the periodic theory to calculate the propagation
constant of wave. While the parameter WI DTH is only used for iteration purpose
internally in the EFEA code, which is equal to the size of plate element along the
circumference of cylinder used in the EFEA model.
For type 2 where periodic axial stiffeners attach to a cylinder, geometric parameters
LENGTH, WI DTH and RADI US are used in the periodic theory to calculate the
propagation constant of wave.
For type 3 where periodic stiffeners attach to a flat plate, geometric parameters
LENGTH and WI DTH are used in the periodic theory to calculate the propagation
constant of wave.

Fig 1-3 Type 1 Fig 1-4 Type 2 Fig 1-5 Type 3

Length
Length
Width
Length
Width
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ENDSUBCASE Subcase delimiter

Delimit and identify the end of a load case, must be paired with SUBCASE entry.

Format:

ENDSUBCASE

Example:

ENDUBCASE

Note:
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FREQ Frequency list

Define a set of frequencies for EFEA analysis. The central frequencies of 1/3 octave frequency
band should be used. Multiple frequencies can be specified on one line as far as the total length
of the line does not exceed 80 characters. Repeated lines of FREQ can be used to specify more
frequencies.

Format:

FREQ f1 f2 f3

Example:

FREQ 100.0 125.0 160.0

Note:

fi Frequency value in units of cycles per unit time. [Real]
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I SO Isolator property definition

Specify a physical property data set for isolators.

Format:

I SO pid mid A R I y I z J St

Example:

ISO 1 1 0.126 0.2 1.423E-7 1.423E-7 2.53E-10 2.53E-10

Note:

pid A unique ID number associated with the data set. [integer]
mid The corresponding MI SO ID number of the isolator.[integer]
A The cross section area of the isolator [Real]
R The cross section equivalent radius of the isolator [Real]
I y,I z The bending moment of inertia of the isolator.[Reals]
J The torsion constant of the isolator [Real]
St The warp torsion constant of the isolator [Real]
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LGOPENI NG Leakage property definition

Define the acoustic leakage properties on a plate that separates two acoustic spaces.

Format:

LGOPENI NG lgid length (or radius) width (or radius) parea

Example:

LGOPENING 1 0.005 0.004 1.0

Note:

lgid The ID number of an opening [integer]
length (or radius) Length (L) of rectangular or radius (R) of circular opening
width (or radius) Width (W) of rectangular or radius (R) of circular opening.
parea The area of the plate on which the opening is located [real]

Remarks:

LGOPENING is used to model the leaking or flanking path through the panel when it connects
to two acoustic spaces on both sides. Two types of opening shapes are available in EFEA. One is
rectangular opening (Figure 1-1), the length (L) and width (W) of opening need to be defined for
this type. The other is circular opening (Figure 1-2), the radius (R) of opening needs to be
defined for this type.

Figure 1-1 Rectangular opening Figure 1-2 Circular opening
L
W
R
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MAT1 Isotropic Material Property Definition

Defines the material properties for linear isotropic materials.

Format:

MAT1 MI D E G NU RHO A TREF GE
ST SC SS MCSI D

Note:

MI D Material identification number. [Integer]
E Youn gs modulus. [Real]
G Shear modulus. [Real]
NU Poissons ratio. [Real]
RHO Mass density. [Real]
A Thermal expansion coefficient. [Real]
TREF Reference temperature for the calculation of thermal loads, or a temperature-
dependent thermal expansion coefficient. [Real]
GE Structural element damping coefficient. [Real]
ST, SC, SS Stress limits for tension, compression, and shear are optionally supplied, used
only to compute margins of safety in certain elements; and have no effect on the
computational procedures. [Real]
MCSI D Material coordinate system identification number. Used only for PARAM,CURV
processing. [Integer]

Remarks:

The format of MAT1 card in EFEA is exactly the same as in Nastran. Please refer to Nastran
Quick Reference Guide for more detail.
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MAT9 Anisotropic material definition

Define the properties of an anisotropic material.

Format:

MAT9 mid G11 G12 G13 G14 G15 G16 G22
G23 G24 G25 G26 G33 G34 G35 G36
G44 G45 G46 G55 G56 G66
b

l

s
tb
1
tb
2
tb
3

Example:

MAT9 103 3.842e10 2.542e9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.02e10
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.e10 0.0 0.0 0.0
4.91e9 0.0 0.0 4.91e9 0.0 4.91e9 1.7776e3 0.03
0.02 0.01 1 1 1

Note: (Nastran fixed short format must be used, each entry occupies 8 fields)

mid Material ID
Gij Elements of the 6 X 6 material property matrix
Material density
b
b

1
l
scale factor
l
2
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s
s
times
3
tb
i

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MAT12 Orthotropic material definition

Define the properties of an orthotropic material.

Format:

MAT12 mid E11 E22 E33 U11 U22 U33
G12 G23 G31
b

l

s
tb
1
tb
2

tb
3

Example:

MAT12 102 3.778e10 1.0e10 1.0e10 0.25 0.0 0.0 1.7776e3
4.91e9 4.91e9 4.91e9 0.03 0.02 0.01 1 1
1

Note: (Nastran fixed short format must be used, each entry occupies 8 fields)

mid Material ID
Eii Elasticity modulus, (i=1,3)
Uii Posssions ratio, (i=1,3)
Material density
Gii Shear modulus, (i=1,3)
b
b

1
l
scale factor
l
2
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30
s
s
times
3
tb
i

Main Index

31
MBAR Beam material property definition

Define a frequency-dependent material property data set for beam elements.

Format:

MBAR mid E
b1
b2
t
tb
1
tb
2
tb
3
tb
4

Example:

MBAR 1 7.24E10 2791.5 0.33 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 1 1 1 1

Note:

mid A unique ID number associated with the data set. [Integer]
E Youngs modulus. [Real]
The mass density. [Real]
Poissons ratio.[Real]
b1
wave 1. The value of the damping loss factor at a frequency is equal to the scale factor
b1
1
b2
wave 2. The value of the damping loss factor at a frequency is equal to the scale factor
b2
2
l
Scale factor for defining the frequency-dependent damping loss factor for the longitudinal
l

3
t
Scale factor for defining the frequency-dependent damping loss factor for the torsion
t

4
Main Index

32
tb
i
Main Index

33
METHOD Select solver

Select the solver for EFEA analysis.

Format:

METHOD Character

Example:

METHOD D

Note:

E (Default) Using the elimination solver
D Using the decomposition solver
Main Index

34
MI SO Isolator material property definition

Define a material property data set for isolators.

Format:

MI SO id E

Example:

MISO 1 7.24E10 2791.5 0.33

Note:

Poissons ratio. [Real]

Main Index

35
MPLATE Plate material property definition

Define a frequency dependent material property data set for plate elements.

Format:

MPLATE id E
b

l

s
tb
1
tb
2
tb
3

Example:

MPLATE 1 7.24E10 2791.5 0.33 0.01 0.01 0.01 1 1 1

Note:

id A unique material ID associated with the data set. [Integer]
Mass density. [Real]
b
b

1
l
scale factor
l
2
s
s
times
3
tb
i

Main Index

36
MRI B Stiffener material property definition

Define a material property data set for stiffeners.

Format:

MRI B id E tb

Example:

MRIB 1 7.24E10 2791.5 0.33 0.01 1

Note:

e Youngs modulus. [Real]
Scale factor for defining the frequency-dependent damping loss factor for the stiffener.
The value of the damping loss factor at a frequency is equal to the scale factor times the
value in table tb at the corresponding frequency.
If this entry is blank, EFEA will assume there is no damping in the stiffeners.
tb ID number of the DTABLE entry.

Main Index

37
NOEXML Deactivate the mass law effect for J PLAC joint with exterior fluid.

Deactivate the mass law (non-resonant) path for J PLAC joint with exterior fluid (or air)
contacting on the other side of plate. By default, the mass law effect is automatically activated
for the J PLAC joint with exterior fluid/air contacting on the other side of plate.

Format:

NOEXML

Example:

NOEXML

Note:
Main Index

38
NOML Deactivate the mass law effect for J ACPLAC joint

Deactivate the mass law (non-resonant) path for J ACPLAC joint. By default, the mass law
effect is automatically activated for the J ACPLAC joint.

Format:

NOML

Example:

NOML

Note:
Main Index

39
NSUB Substructure

Specify the number of substructures. (Note: To activate the substructuring analysis in the EFEA
solver, this entry must exist and n>1). If no substructures exist in the model, this entry is not
needed.

Format:

NSUB n

Example:

NSUB 3

Note:

n Number of substructures. [Integer]

Remarks:

There is no limitation on the number of substructures.

When n is greater than 1, the EFEA code will check the existence of files sub1.elem,
sub2.elem subn.elem. If any file is missing, EEFA code will issue an error message and
stop.

When n is greater than 1, the EFEA code will also check for missing or duplicate elements. If
any missing or duplicate elements are detected, the EFEA code will issue an error message and
stop.
Main Index

40
OUTACS Acoustic results

Specify the components of the acoustic results outputted in the results file. The parameter field
i

can be one or any combination of following three types.

Format:

OUTACS field
1
field
2

Example:

OUTACS E

Note:

field
i
=E Output the averaged acoustic energy density at the acoustic nodes.
=P Output the acoustic pressure (amplitude) at the acoustic nodes.
=SPL Output the sound pressure level at the acoustic nodes.
Main Index

41
OUTBM Beam results

Specify the components of the beam results outputted in the results file. The parameter field
i
can
be one or any combination of following five types.

Format:

OUTBM field
1
field
2

Example:

OUTBM EB1

Note:

field
i
=EB1 Output the bending 1 energy density at the beam nodes.
=EB2 Output the bending 2 energy density at the beam nodes.
=EI P Output the longitudinal energy density at the beam nodes.
=ET Output the torsion energy density at the beam nodes.
=VELO Output the transverse velocity (amplitude) at the beam nodes.
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42
OUTDB Using dB scale

Output the result in dB scale (usually co-exist with OUTSTR OUTCS OUTBM entries). The
parameter field
i
can be one or any combination of following three types.

Format:

OUTDB field
1
field
2

Example:

OUTDB DBS

Note:

field
i
=DBS Output the structural energy density in dB scale.
=DBA Output the acoustic energy density in dB scale.
=DBB Output the beam energy density in dB scale.
=DBSV Output the structural velocity in dB scale.

Remarks:

The dB value of structure velocity is calculated as 10.0*log10(v).

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43
OUTFI LE Format of result file

Specify the format of the output file. The parameter format
i
can be one or any combination of
the following three types.

Format:

OUTFI LE format
1
format
2

Example:

OUTFILE PUNCH

Note:

format
i
=TXT Output the results in text format with the name outputfile.txt
=PUNCH Output the results in NASTRAN punch format with the name of
outputfile.pch
=MAT Output the results in MATLAB format with name outputfile.mat
=PATRAN Output the results in PATRAN nod format.
(For plate and acoustic elements only)
Multiple result files will be created, each of which corresponds to a
combination of one analyzed frequency and one subcase using
syntax of
s_freq=XXX_subcase=YYY.nod for plate elements results,
and
a_freq=XXX_subcase=YYY.nod for acoustic elements results,
where XXX is the frequency value, and YYY is subcase ID.
A template file snod.res_tmpl for plate elements, and
anod.res_tmpl for acoustic elements will also be created for
post-processing the results in PATRAN.
Main Index

44

In a s_freq=XXX_subcase=YYY.nod file for plate results,
the first column is the bending energy density of plate,
the second column is the longitudinal energy density of plate,
the third column is the shear energy density of plate.
the fourth column is the normal velocity of plate.

In a a_freq=XXX_subcase=YYY.nod file for acoustic results,
the first column is the acoustic energy density,
the second column is the acoustic pressure,
the third column is the SPL (sound pressure level).
Main Index

45
OUTSTR Plate results

Specify the components of the plate results outputted in the results file. The parameter field
i
can
be one or any combination of following four types.

Format:

OUTSTR field
1
field
2

Example:

OUTFSTR EB

Note:

field
i
=EB Output the averaged bending energy density at the plate nodes.
=EI P Output the averaged longitudinal energy density at the plate nodes.
=ESH Output the averaged shear energy density at the plate nodes.
=VELO Output the transverse velocity (amplitude) of the plate.

Main Index

46
PACOUS Acoustic material property definition

Define a frequency-dependent material property data set for acoustic elements, or for the exterior
free-field fluid medium.

Format:

PACOUS id c tb

Example:

PACOUS 1 1.21 343.0 0.001 1

Note:

The ambient density of the acoustic medium. [Real]
c The speed of sound in the acoustic medium. [Real]
Scale factor for defining the frequency-dependent damping loss factor for the acoustic
times the value in table tb at the corresponding frequency.
tb ID number of the DTABLE entry.
Main Index

47
PBAR Beam element property definition

Specify a physical property data set for beam element.

Format:

PBAR pid mid A I y I z J

Example:

PBAR 1 1 2.359E-4 1.423E-7 2.156E-8 2.53E-10

Note:

pid A unique ID number associated with the data set. [integer]
mid The corresponding MBAR ID number of the beam.[integer]
A The cross section area of the beam [Real]
I y,I z The bending moment of inertia of the beam.[Reals]
J The torsion constant of the beam [Real]

Remarks:

PBAR data cards are translated by Pre-EFEA code from Nastran format PBAR/PBEAM/
PBARL/PBEAML data cards. If PBARL and PBEAML data cards are present in the input file of
Pre-EFEA code, Pre-EFEA code will compute A, Iy, Iz and J from the specified cross-section
types. Currently, only ROD, TUBE, and BAR cross-section types are acceptable for
PBARL and PBEAML data cards.
Main Index

48
PBUSH Generalized Spring-and-Damper Property

Defines the nominal property values for a generalized spring-and-damper structural element.

Format:

PBUSH PI D K K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 K6
B B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6
GE GE1 GE2 GE3 GE4 GE5 GE6
RCV SA ST EA ET

Note:

PI D Property identification number. [Integer]
K Flag indicating that the next 1 to 6 fields are stiffness values in the element
coordinate system. [Character]
Ki Nominal stiffness values in directions 1 through 6. [Real]
B Flag indicating that the next 1 to 6 fields are force-per-velocity damping.
[Character]
Bi Nominal damping coefficients in direction 1 through 6 in units of force per unit
velocity. [Real]
GE Flag indicating that the next fields, 1 through 6 are structural damping constants.
[Character]
GEi Nominal structural damping constant in directions 1 through 6. [Real]
RCV Flag indicating that the next 1 to 4 fields are stress or strain coefficients.
(Character)
SA Stress recovery coefficient in the translational component numbers 1 through 3.
[Real]
ST Stress recovery coefficient in the rotational component numbers 4 through 6.
[Real]
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49
EA Strain recovery coefficient in the translational component numbers 1 through 3.
[Real]
ET Strain recovery coefficient in the rotational component numbers 4 through 6.
[Real]

Remarks:

The format of PBUSH card in EFEA is exactly the same as in Nastran. Please refer to Nastran
Main Index

50
PCOMP N-ply composite laminate definition

Specify the properties of an n-ply composite laminate plate.

Format:

PCOMP pid N
mid_1 t_1 theta_1
mid_2 t_2 theta_2

mid_N t_N theta_N
ns L
1
L
2
e
1
fmid
1
e
2
fmid
2

Example:

PCOMP 1 4
1 5.0e-4 0.0
2 1.0e-2 -30.0
3 1.0e-2 30.0
4 5.0e-4 0.0
1 0.3607 0.1596 0.0 4 0.0 0

Note: (Free format can be used to define this card)

pid Property ID.
N Number of total layers
mid_i Material ID for layer i (i=1,N)
t_i Thickness for layer i (i=1,N)
theta_i Angle (degree) between the direction axis 1 of material and the
material coordinate axis x (see Fig. 1) for layer i (i=1,N)

Main Index

51

Figure 1 Coordinate axes x-y-z and material direction axes 1-2-3

ns Number of plate sides contacted with exterior free-field fluid
L
1
,L
2
The characteristic dimensions of the plate (length and width, respectively)
e
1
compute the acoustic radiation efficiency for the plate
fmid
1
The material ID of exterior fluid contacts with plate at one side
e
2
plate.[Real]
fmid
2

2
y
3 (z )
1
x

Main Index

52
PFAST CFAST Fastener Property

Defines the CFAST fastener property values.

Format:

PFAST PI D D MCI D MFLAG KT1 KT2 KT3 KR1
KR2 KR3 MASS GE

Note:

D Diameter of the fastener. [Real]
MCI D Specifies the element stiffness coordinate system. [Integer]
MFLAG Defines if the coordinate system defined by MCID is absolute or relative.[Integer]
If MFLAG =0, MCID defines a relative coordinate system.
If MFLAG =1, MCID defines an absolute coordinate system.
KTi Stiffness values in directions 1 through 3. [Real]
KRi Rotational stiffness values in directions 1 through 3. [Real]
MASS Lumped mass of fastener. [Real]
GE Structural damping. [Real]

Remarks:

The format of PFAST card in EFEA is exactly the same as in Nastran. Please refer to Nastran
Main Index

53
PLATE Plate element property definition

Specify the frequency-dependent physical property (transmission loss) data set for plate
elements.

Format:

PLATE id t mid ns L
1
L
2
e
1
fmid
1
e
2
fmid
2
y
j
z
j
w*(y
j
,z
j
) tl
1
tl
2
tltb
1
tltb
2

Example:

PLATE 1 0.001 2 1 0.19 0.47 0.0 1 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.22 0.22 1 1

Note:

t The thickness of the plate. [Real]
mid The corresponding MPLATE ID number for the plate.[Integer]
ns Number of plate sides contacted with exterior free-field fluid. [Integer]
L
1
,L
2
The characteristic dimensions of the plate (length and width, respectively).[Real]
e
1
compute the acoustic radiation efficiency for the plate.[Real]
fmid
1
The material ID of exterior fluid contacts with plate at one side.[integer]
e
2
plate.[Real]
fmid
2
y
j
, z
j
The coordinates of the edge of plate which connect to a stiffener. (The origin of the
coordinate is the shear center of the stiffener) [Real]
w*(y
j
,z
j
)The warping coefficient of a stiffener. [Real]
Main Index

54
tl
1
1
1
at the
tl
2
2
2
at the
tltb
1
tltb
2
Main Index

55
PLATEB Bending input power on plate

Specify the frequency-dependent bending input power at a particular plate node. The amplitude
of the input power at a frequency is equal to the scale factor q times the value in table qtb at the

Format:

PLATEB nid q qtb

Example:

PLATEB 100 90.0 1

Note:


Remarks:

The bending input power from a normal point force applied on the plate can be calculated by:
m D
F
=
8 2
1
2

where F is the amplitude of the point force, mis the surface mass density of plate, D is the
bending stiffness of plate.
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56
PLATEF Point force on plate

Specify the frequency-dependent normal point force (Root-Mean-Square value) at a particular
plate node. The RMS value of the point force at a frequency is equal to the scale factor f times
the value in table ftb at the corresponding frequency. This entry must be located in a load case
defined by a pair of SUBCASE and ENDSUBCASE entries.

Format:

PLATEF nid f ftb

Example:

PLATEF 100 90.0 1

Note:

f Scale factor. [Real]
ftb ID number of the DTABLE entry.

Remarks:

The bending input power from a normal point force applied on the plate can be calculated by:
m D
F
=
8
2

where F is the RMS value of the point force, mis the surface mass density of plate, D is the
bending stiffness of plate.
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57
PLATEI P Longitudinal input power on plate

Specify the frequency-dependent longitudinal input power at a particular plate node. The
amplitude of the input power at a frequency is equal to the scale factor q times the value in table
qtb at the corresponding frequency. This entry must be located in a load case defined by a pair of

Format:

PLATEI P nid q qtb

Example:

PLATEIP 100 90.0 1

Note:


Remarks:

The longitudinal input power from an in-plane point force applied on the plate can be calculated
by:
( )
h
16
1
2
1 2
=
where F is the amplitude of the point force, v is the Poissons ratio, is the radian frequency,
h is the thickness of plate, is the Lames first elastic constant for the plate.
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58
PLATESH In-plane shear input power on plate

Specify the frequency-dependent shear input power at a particular plate node. The amplitude of
the input power at a frequency is equal to the scale factor q times the value in table qtb at the

Format:

PLATESH nid q qtb

Example:

PLATESH 100 90.0 1

Note:


Remarks:

The in-plane shear input power from a torsional moment applied on the plate can be calculated
by:
128 2
1
2 2 2
2 h k k
M
L
=
where M is the amplitude of the torsional moment, v is the Poissons ratio, is the radian
frequency, h is the thickness of plate, k is the transverse wave number, k
L
is the longitudinal
wave number, is the Lames first elastic constant for the plate.
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59
PWAVE Propagating wave field over plate

Specify the frequency-dependent propagating wavefield excitation on structural elements. This
information is typically generated from an EBEA analysis and provides the acoustic load
prescribed on the exterior part of a structure due to an external acoustic source. This entry is
used when the excitation originates from acoustic sources exterior to the structure. The energy
density value of the external propagating wavefield at a frequency is equal to the scale factor e
times the value in table etb at the corresponding frequency. This entry must be located in a load
case defined by a pair of SUBCASE and ENDSUBCASE entries.

Format:

PWAVE eid e rho0 c0 etb

Example:

PWAVE 100 90.0 1.21 343.0 1

Note:

eid The structural element ID where the external acoustic load is applied. [integer]
rho0 The ambient density of the external acoustic medium.[Real]
c0 The speed of sound in the external acoustic medium.[Real]

Remarks:

PWAVE excitation is used in the EFEA to model the exterior pressure loading over the outer
surface of the structure. The information for PWAVE excitation is typically generated from an
EBEA (Energy Boundary Element Analysis) analysis and provides the acoustic load prescribed
Main Index

60
on the exterior part of a structure due to an external acoustic source. The power transmission
coefficient from the exterior acoustic medium to the structure system is used to convert this
pressure loading into the input power in structure.

The power transmission coefficient from an acoustic medium to a plate can be calculated using
the radiation efficiency of the plate by:
hf c
c
2
B S
3
0 0
P A
=

where
0
S
is the material density of the plate,
0
c is the
wave speed in the acoustic medium,
B
c is the phase speed of bending wave in the plate, h is the
thickness of the plate, f indicates the frequency, is the radiation efficiency of the plate.

The parameter specified in the PWAVE load type is the acoustic energy density e of the exterior
wave field. The power of the impinging wave over a plate element can be determined by
A ec
0 inc
=
where A is the area of the plate element. Thus, the transmitted power into the plate is equal to
e
hf c
A c

2
ph P
4
0 0
inc P A trans
= =

.

Remarks 2:

If some PWAVE excitations are applied to non-existed eid, the EFEA code will issue warning
message, and it will ignore those PWAVE entries and keep running.

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61
PWELD Connector Element Property

Defines the property of connector (CWELD) elements.

Format:

PWELD PI D MI D D Blank Blank MSET Blank TYPE
LDMI N LDMAX

Note:

D Diameter of the connector. [Real]
MSET Flag to eliminate m-set degrees-of-freedom (DOFs). [Character]
=OFF m-set DOFs are eliminated, constraints are incorporated in the stiffness.
=ON m-set DOFs are not eliminated, constraints are generated.
TYPE Character string indicating the type of connection. [Character]
=blank general connector
=SPOT spot weld connector
LDMI N Smallest ratio of length to diameter for stiffness calculation. [Real]
LDMAX Largest ratio of length to diameter for stiffness calculation. [Real]

Remarks:

The format of PWELD card in EFEA is exactly the same as in Nastran. Please refer to Nastran
Main Index

62
PWSEAM Seam Connector Element Property

Defines the property of seam connector (CWSEAM) elements.

Format:

PWSEAM PI D MI D W T

Note:

W Width of the seam. [Real]
T Thickness of the seam. [Real]

Remarks:

The format of PWSEAM card in EFEA is exactly the same as in Nastran. Please refer to Nastran
Main Index

63
RADEFF Calculating the radiation efficiency using Rummermans method

Specify property data set for the stiffened plate elements whose radiation efficiency will be
calculated using Rummermans method.

Format:

RADEFF pid A
p
L A
b

b

Example:

RADEFF 2 16.0 8.0 0.004 2700.0

Note:

pid Same ID as that in PLATE card. [Integer]
A
p
The radiation area of the plate. [Real]
L The total length of the attached stiffeners [Real]
A
b
The cross section area of the stiffeners. [Real]
b
The material density of attached stiffeners.[Real]
Main Index

64
REFE Reference value for energy density

Define the reference value for dB of energy density calculation.

Format:

REFE ref

Example:

REFE 1.0E-12

Note:

ref Reference value.

Main Index

65
REFSPL Reference value for SPL (Sound Pressure Level)

Define the reference value and the factor utilized in the SPL calculation.

Format:

REFSPL ref fac

Example:

REFSPL 4.0E-10 1.42E5

Note:

ref Reference value for SPL calculation (for mean square value).
fac Value of rho0*c0^2 for the acoustic medium.

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66
RI B Stiffener property definition

Specify a physical property data set for stiffeners.

Format:

RI B id rmid A I y I z J I x y0 z0 ky kz

Example:

RIB 1 1 1.011E-4 5.364E-9 2.298E-8 3.55E-11 2.834E-9 0 0 0 0 0

Note:

id A unique ID number associated with the data set. [integer]
rmid The corresponding MRI B ID number of the stiffener.[integer]
A The cross section area of the stiffener [Real]
I y,I z The bending moment of inertia of the stiffener.[Reals]
J The torsion constant of the stiffener [Real]
I x The polar moment of inertia of the stiffener [Real] (Ix=Iy+Iz)
y0,z0 The coordinates of the centroid of the stiffener (the origin of the coordinate is the shear
center of the stiffener) [Real]
ky,kz The shear coefficient of the stiffener.[Real]
The warp torsion constant of the stiffener.[Real]

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67
SUBCASE Subcase delimiter

Delimit and identify a subcase. Multiple load cases can be defined in the EFEA model. A new
load case must begin with SUBCASE entry, and end with ENDSUBCASE entry. Any kinds of
excitations and/or constraints can be specified between a pair of these two entries to define a load
case.

Format:

SUBCASE n

Example:

SUBCASE 2

Note:

n Load case ID. [Integer]
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68
TBL TBL excitation over plate

Specify the TBL excitation on structure, so that a TBL pressure with property ID tblid is applied
to the structural elements with property IDs pid
1
, pid
2
. This entry must be located in a load
case defined by a pair of SUBCASE and ENDSUBCASE entries.

Format:

TBL tblid pid
1
pid
2
pid
3

Example:

TBL 100 1 2 3

Note:

tblid ID number refers to TBLFLD entry. [integer]
pid
i
ID number refers to PLATE entry where the TBL is applied. [integer]

Remarks:

TBL is used to model a boundary layer flow excitation over the surface area of a plate or shell.

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69
TBLCOR Flow direction of TBL

Define the leading edge node as (x1, y1, z1) and the flow direction as vector from (x1,
y1, z1) to (x2, y2, z2) for the turbulent boundary layer excitation.

Format:

TBLCOR x1 y1 z1 x2 y2 z2

Example:

TBLCOR 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0

Note:

xi x-coordinate. [Real]
yi y-coordinate. [Real]
zi z-coordinate. [Real]

Remarks:

The vector from (x1, y1, z1) to (x2, y2, z2) define the direction of the TBL flow
(direction of U
0
as shown in the following figure).

Leading edge node
Structure
TBL
U
0

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70
TBLFLD Fluid property of TBL

Define the fluid property of turbulent boundary layer.

Format:

TBLFLD tblid rho v u
0
c
1
c
2

Example:

TBLFLD 100 1.21 20.0 3

Note:

tblid TBL fluid property ID number. [integer]
rho Density of fluid. [Real]
v Kinetic viscosity of fluid [Real]
u
0
Free stream velocity of fluid [Real]
c
1
Stream-wise decay constant [Real]
c
2
Span-wise decay constant [Real]

Remarks:

This entry is used to model a boundary layer flow excitation over the surface area of a
plate or shell. The pressure spectrum
p
of TBL is calculated by
( )
1
33 . 1
0
2
0
2
0 2
1
2 / 1
2
2
0 2 4 2
025 . 0 1
1
3

(
(
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ =
U
U
U
c
U
U
p

Main Index

71
where is the density of fluid, is the radian frequency,
0
U is the free stream velocity
of fluid,
1
c is the stream-wise decay constant,

w
U = ,
and
2 . 0
0
2
0
029 . 0
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
L U
U
w

, and
2 . 0
0
37 . 0
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
L U
L

,
where v is the kinetic viscosity of fluid, and L is the linear length from the leading edge.

After establishing the wall pressure spectrum as shown above, the corresponding point
force spectrum can be determined by
( ) ( ) ( )
i p c n i
k c C F =
3
1
4
where
0
U
k
c

= ,
i
is the allocated area for i
th
node in the corresponding EFEA model,
and
c
n
k c
C
2
1
= ,
2
c is the span-wise decay constant.

Main Index

72
TBLPLATE Additional property definition for TBL-contacted plate element

Specify additional physical property data set for TBL-contacted plate element.

Format:

TBLPLATE pid t E

Example:

TBLPLATE 2 1.905e-3 8.98E+10 2218.0 0.2751

Note:

pid The corresponding PLATE ID number for the plate. [Integer]
t The corrected thickness of the plate. [Real]
E Corrected Youngs modulus. [Real]
Corrected mass density. [Real]
Corrected Poissons ratio. [Real]

Remarks:

1. TBLPLATE provides additional plate information to calculate the input power
induced by TBL excitation. It may be defined if both of below are satisfied: (1) the plate
is contacted with TBL; (2) the plate is treated by trim panel.

2. When TBLPLATE is defined, the PLATE definition with ID number pid and its
corresponding MPLATE definition should exist. In such a case, when calculating input
power induced by TBL, the thickness t, Youngs modulus E, mass density , and
Poissons ratio that defined in the corresponding PLATE and MPLATE definitions are
replaced by those defined in TBLPLATE definition.
Main Index

73
3. When calculating corrected plate properties, light and soft materials in plate treatment
(such as fiberglass) are usually ignored.
Main Index

74
TMMAT Acoustic treatment material property definition

Defines the frequency-dependent trim material used in the model.

Format:

TMMAT mid alpha density iloss alphatb

Example:

TMMAT 1 0.2 3.6 0.13 1

Note:

mid ID number of a trim material [Integer]
alpha Scale factor for defining the frequency-dependent acoustic absorption
coefficient of the trim material. The value of the acoustic absorption
coefficient is equal to the scale factor alpha times the value in table
alphatb at the corresponding frequency.
density Density of the trim material [real]
iloss Insertion loss of the trim material [Real]
alphatb ID number of the DTABLE entry.

Main Index

75

Section 2:
Specifies the information about the structural model, including the nodal coordinates,
element types, connectivity, the plate-plate joint information, and the beam to plate joint
information. All nodes and elements are defined in NASTRAN short fixed format. All
joints are typically generated automatically by the Pre-EFEA code.
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76
BPJ OI NT Beam-to-plate connection

Define a beam to plate(s) joint in the finite element model.

Format:

BPJ OI NT ne
eB n1 n2
eP
1
n1 n2
:
eP
ne-1
n1 n2

Example:

BPJ OINT 3
11 101 102
51 501 502
61 601 602

Note:

ne The number of elements at the joint (including the beam element) [integer]
eB The ID of the beam element at the joint.[integers]
eP
1
The IDs of the plate elements at the joint.[integers]
:
eP
ne-1
n1,n2 The node IDs of the corresponding elements at the joint.[integers]

Remarks:

Main Index

77
This entry is used to model the plate-to-plate(s) joint with a stiffener attached, and the
stiffener itself is represented by a set of beam (CBAR) elements (the stiffener has its own
degrees of freedom in the EFEA model). Please be noted that the PJ OI NT card can also
be used to model the plate-to-plate(s) joint with a stiffener attached, the stiffener itself in
PJ OI NT card is defined as a physical property but not elements (there is no additional
degrees of freedom for the stiffener in the EFEA model). In the following figures, on left
shows the prototype of a general plate-to-plate connection with a stiffener attached on the
junction. On right shows the corresponding EFEA elements with the joint defined by
BPJ OI NT card. It can be found that the stiffeners are represented by a set of CBAR
elements.

Plate 1 Plate 2
Stiffener
Depiction of plate-to-plate
joint with a stiffener attached
EFEA elements for plate-to-plate joint with a
stiffener attached using BPJ OI NT card;
the stiffener is modeled explicitly with elements
(Different parts are offset for demonstration purpose)
Main Index

78
CBAR Beam element

Define a linear (2-noded) beam element in NASTRAN short fixed format.

Format:

CBAR eid pid GA GB

Example:

CBAR 1 1 11 12

Note:

eid A unique ID number that is to be associated with the element.[integer]
pid The ID number of PBAR entry for the beam element.[integer]
GA The ID numbers of the first nodes comprising the element [integers]
GB The ID numbers of the second nodes comprising the element [integers]
Main Index

79
CBUSH Generalized Spring-and-Damper Connection

Define a generalized spring-and-damper structural element.

Format:

CBUSH eid pid GA GB GO/X1 X2 X3 CI D
S OCI D S1 S2 S3

Note:

eid A unique element identification number. [Integer]
pid Property identification number of a PBUSH entry. [Integer]
GA,GB Grid Point identification number of connection points. [Integer]
Xi Components of orientation vector v
from GA, in the displacement

coordination system of GA. [Real]
GO Alternate method to supply vector v
using grid point GO. Direction of v

is from GA to GO. v
is then transferred to End A. [Integer]

CI D Element coordinate system identification. A 0 means the basic coordinate
system. If CID is blank, then the element coordinate system is determined
from GO or Xi. [Integer]
S Location of spring damper. [Real]
OCI D Coordinate system identification of spring-damper offset. [Integer]
S1,S2,S3 Components of spring-damper offset in the OCID coordinate system if
OCID >0. [Real]

Remarks:

The format of CBUSH card in EFEA is exactly the same as in Nastran. Please refer to
Nastran Quick Reference Guide for more detail.
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80
CFAST A Shell Patch Fastener Connection

Defines a fastener with material orientation connecting two surface patches.

Format:

CFAST eid pid TYPE I DA I DB GS GA GB
XS YS ZS

Note:

pid Property identification number of a PFAST entry. [Integer]
TYPE Specifies the surface patch definition: [Character]
If TYPE =PROP, the surface patch connectivity between patch A and
patch B is defined with two PSHELL (or PCOMP) properties with
property ids given by IDA and IDB.
If TYPE =ELEM, the surface patch connectivity between patch A and
patch B is defined with two shell element ids given by IDA and IDB.
I DA,I DB Property id (for PROP option) or Element id (for ELEM option) defining
patches A and B. [Integer]
GS Grid point defining the location of the fastener. [Integer]
GA,GB Grid ids of piecing points on patches A and B. [Integer]
XS,YS,ZS Location of the fastener in basic. Required if neither GS nor GA is
defined. [Real]

Remarks:

The format of CFAST card in EFEA is exactly the same as in Nastran. Please refer to
Main Index

81
CQUAD4 Quadrilateral plate element

Define a linear (4-noded) quadrilateral plate element in NASTRAN short fixed format.

Format:

CQUAD4 eid pid n1 n2 n3 n4 theta

Example:

CQUAD4 1 1 11 12 13 14 80

Note:

eid A unique ID number associated with the element.[integer]
pid The ID number of the physical property data set for the element.[integer]
ni The ID numbers of the nodes comprising the element.[integers]
theta Material property orientation angle in degrees (only for anisotropic plate).[real]

Figure 1 CQUAD4 element geometry and coordinate systems

Main Index

82
Remarks:

CQUAD4 data cards are translated by Pre-EFEA code from Nastran format CQUAD3
and CQUADR data cards.
Main Index

83
CTRI A3 Triangular plate element

Define a linear (3-noded) triangular plate element in NASTRAN short fixed format.

Format:

CTRI A3 eid pid n1 n2 n3 theta

Example:

CTRIA3 1 1 11 12 13 80

Note:

eid A unique ID number associated with the element.[integer]
pid The ID number of the physical property data set for the element.[integer]
ni The ID numbers of the nodes comprising the element.[integers]
theta Material property orientation angle in degrees(only for anisotropic plate).[real]

Figure 2 CTRIA3 element geometry and coordinate systems

Remarks:

CTRIA3 data cards are translated by Pre-EFEA code from Nastran format CTRIA3 and
CTRIAR data cards.
Main Index

84
CWELD Weld or Fastener Element Connection

Defines a weld or fastener connecting two surface patches or points.

Format:

CWELD eid pid GS PARTPAT GA GB
PI DA PI DB
XS YS ZS

Note:

pid Property identification number of a PWELD entry. [Integer]
GS Identification number of a grid point which defines the location of the
connector. [Integer]
PARTPAT Character string indicating the type of connection. The format of the
subsequent entries depends on the type. PARTPAT, for example,
indicates that the connectivity of surface patch A to surface patch B is
defined with two property identification numbers of PSHELL entries,
PIDA and PIDB, respectively. The PARTPAT format connects up to
3x3 elements per patch.
GA, GB Grid point identification numbers of piercing points on surface A and
surface B, respectively. [Integer]
PI DA, PI DB Property identification numbers of PSHELL entries defining surface A
and B respectively. [Integer]
XS, YS, ZS Coordinates of spot weld location in basic. [Real]

Main Index

85

Remarks:

The format of CWELD card in EFEA is exactly the same as in Nastran. Please refer to

Besides PARTPAT, there are other alternate formats, such as ELPAT, ELEMID,
GRIDID and ALIGN. They are also in the exact same format as in Nastran. Please
refer to Nastran Quick Reference Guide for more detail.

Main Index

86
CWSEAM A Shell Patch Seam Connection

Defines a seam element connecting two surface patches.

Format:

CWSEAM eid pid Blank GRI DI D Blank PI DA PI DB
GS GE

Alternate Format:

CWSEAM eid pid Blank XYZ Blank PI DA PI DB
XS YS ZS XE YE ZE

Note:

pid Property identification number of a PWELD entry. [Integer]
LTYPE Connectivity search type. [Character]
If LTYPE=GRIDID, location is defined by GS and GE.
If LTYPE=XYZ, location is defined by two XYZ locations.
PI DA,PI DB Property identification numbers of PSHELL entries defining surface A
and B respectively. [Integer]
GS, GE Grid identification numbers of piercing points on surface A and B of the
start and end of the seam. [Integer]
XS,YS,ZS Location of the start of the seam in basic coordinate system. [Real or
blank]
XE,YE,ZE Location of the end of the seam in basic coordinate system. [Real or
blank]

Main Index

87

Remarks:

The format of CWSEAM card in EFEA is exactly the same as in Nastran. Please refer to

Main Index

88
GRI D Grid point

Define a node of the finite element model using NASTRAN short fixed format.

Format:

GRI D id xc yc zc

Example:

GRID 1 1.0 1.0 1.0

Note:

id A unique ID number associated with the node.[integer]
xc The global x-coordinate of the node.[Real]
yc The global y-coordinate of the node.[Real]
zc The global z-coordinate of the node.[Real]
Main Index

89
I SOLATOR Isolator

Define an isolator between a beam and a plate in the finite element model.

Format:

I SOLATOR 1 id
eP nP
eB nB

Example:

ISOLATOR 1 1
11 101
12 102

Note:

id The ID number of I SO entry for the isolator.[integer]
eP The ID of the plate element connected by the isolator. [integers]
eB The ID of the beam element connected by the isolator. [integers]
nP The node IDs of the corresponding plate elements at the joint. [integers]
nB The node IDs of the corresponding beam elements at the joint. [integers]
Main Index

90
PJ OI NT Plate-to-plate joint

Define a plate-to-plate joint with (regular or periodic) or without stiffener (if no stiffeners
both #rib and #rpid should be blank, see Remarks).

Format:

PJ OI NT ne #rib #rpid
e1 n1 n2
e2 n1 n2
:
en n1 n2

Example:

PJ OINT 3
11 101 102
51 501 502
61 601 602

Note:

ne The number of plate elements to form the joint (maximum value 10). [integer]
#rib Refers to the ID number in RI B entry.
This parameter is used to define a stiffener (which is simulated as a physical
property, and not as an independent element, in the EFEA formulation)
#rpid Refers to PSI D parameter in EFEA_PS entry.
This parameter is used to define a periodic stiffener at the joint.
If no stiffener or there is only regular stiffener at the joint, #rpid should be blank.
ei The ID number of the elements comprising the joint.[integers]
n1,n2 The ID number of the nodes that are coincident at the joint.[integers]
Main Index

91
Remarks:

If there is no stiffener at the joint, both #rib and #rpid must be blank or zero.
If there is a regular (non-periodic) stiffener at the joint, then #rib must be non-
zero, and #rpid must be blank or zero.
If there is a periodic (non-regular) stiffener at the joint, then #rib must be zero,
and #rpid must be non-zero.
Tips: If #rpid is non-zero, #rib must be zero. If #rib is non-zero, #rpid must be
blank or zero.
If any ei does not exist, the EFEA code will issue an error message and stop.

Please be noted that the BPJ OI NT card can also be used to model the plate-to-plate(s)
joint with a stiffener attached, there the stiffener itself is represented by a set of beam
(CBAR) elements (therefore the stiffener has its own degrees of freedom in the EFEA
model). In the following figures, on left shows the prototype of a general plate-to-plate
connection with a stiffener attached on the junction. On right shows the corresponding
EFEA elements with the joint defined by PJ OI NT card.

Plate 1 Plate 2
Stiffener
Depiction of plate-to-plate
joint with a stiffener attached
EFEA elements for plate-to-plate joint with a
stiffener attached using PJ OI NT card.
The stiffener is not modeled with elements but its
presense affects the power transfer characteristics
between the plate elements.
(Different parts are offset for demonstration purpose)
J oint through stiffener
Main Index

92

Section 3:
Includes the information about the acoustic model, including the nodal coordinates,
element types and connectivity. NASTRAN short fixed format is required for defining
entries in this Section.
Main Index

93
CHEXA Hexahedral acoustic element

Define a linear (8-nodes) hexahedral acoustic element in NASTRAN short fixed format.
This entry spans two lines in the file (a + sign must be on the first column of the second
line).

Format:

CHEXA eid mid n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 n6
+ n7 n8

Example:

CHEXA 1 1 11 12 13 14 15 16
+ 17 18

Note:

eid A unique ID number associated with the element. [integer]
mid The ID number of the material property data set for the acoustic element.
(defined in a PACOUS entry) [integer]
ni The ID numbers of the nodes comprising the element(Fig.1).[integers]

Figure 1 Hexahedral element
n2
n6
n3
n7
n4
n1
n5
n8
Main Index

94
CPENTA Pentahedral acoustic element

Define a linear (6-nodes) pentahedral acoustic element in NASTRAN short fixed format.

Format:

CPENTA eid mid n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 n6

Example:

CPENTA 1 1 11 12 13 14 15 16

Note:

ni The ID numbers of the nodes comprising the element. (Fig.2) [integers]

Fig 2 Pentahedral element

n1
n3
n2
n4
n5
n6
Main Index

95
CTETRA Tetrahedral acoustic element

Define a linear (4-nodes) tetrahedral acoustic element in NASTRAN short fixed format.

Format:

CTETRA eid mid n1 n2 n3 n4

Example:

CTETRA 1 1 11 12 13 14

Note:

ni The ID numbers of the nodes comprising the element. (Fig.3) [integers]

Fig 3 Tetrahedral element
n1
n2
n3
n4
Main Index

96

Section 4:
Defines the plate-to-acoustic or the acoustic-to-plate-to-acoustic joint information.
Typically, these cards are generated automatically by the Pre-EFEA code.
Main Index

97
J ACPLAC Acoustic-to-plate-to-acoustic joint

Define an Acoustic-to-Plate-to-Acoustic joint in the energy finite element model. Note,
this entry spans four lines in the file. The key word J PACLAC occupies one line.

Format:

J ACPLAC
e1 pid n11 n12 n13 n14
e2 mid1 n21 n22 n23 n24
e3 mid2 n31 n32 n33 n34

Example:

J ACPLAC
1 1 11 12 13 14
11 10 101 102 103 104
12 20 201 202 203 204

Note:

e1 The ID number of the plate element comprising the joint. [integer]
pid The physical property ID (defined in a PLATE entry) of the plate element.
n11, n12, n13, n14
The ID numbers of the nodes comprising the plate element at the joint.(Fig.6)
[integers] If the plate element is a triangular element, n14 doesnt exist. (Fig.7)
e2 The ID number of the acoustic element at one side of the joint. [integer]
mid1 The material property ID (defined in a PACOUS entry) of the acoustic element.
n21, n22, n23, n24
Main Index

98
The ID numbers of the nodes of the acoustic element at the joint, coincident with
those of the plate element (Fig.6). If the surface at the joint of the acoustic
element is a triangular element, n24 doesnt exist. (Fig.7)
e3 The ID number of the acoustic element at another side of the joint. [integer]
mid2 The material property ID (defined in a PACOUS entry) of the acoustic element.
n31, n32, n33, n34
those of the plate element. (Fig.6). If the surface at the joint of the acoustic
element is a triangular element, n34 doesnt exist. (Fig.7)

Fig.6 Acoustic-to-Plate-to-Acoustic joint with quadrilateral element

Fig.7 Acoustic-to-Plate-to-Acoustic joint with triangular element
n21
n22
n24
n23
n11
n12
n13
n14
n31
n32
n34
n33
n22
n21
n23
n12
n13
n11
n31
n33
n32
Main Index

99
J PLAC Plate-to-acoustic joint

Define a Plate-to-Acoustic joint in the energy finite element model. Note, this entry
spans three lines in the file. The keyword J PLAC occupies one line.

Format:

J PLAC
e1 pid n11 n12 n13 n14
e2 mid n21 n22 n23 n24

Example:

J PLAC
1 1 11 12 13 14
11 10 101 102 103 104

Note:

e1 The ID number of the plate element comprising the joint. [integer]
pid The property ID (defined in a PLATE entry) of the plate element.
n11, n12, n13, n14
The ID numbers of the nodes comprising the plate element at the joint (Fig.4) If
the plate element is a triangular element, n14 doesnt exist (Fig.5).
e2 The ID number of the acoustic element comprising the joint. [integer]
mid The material ID (defined in a PACOUS entry) of the acoustic element. [integer]
n21, n22, n23, n24
those of the plate element. (Reference Fig.4)[integers]. If the surface at the joint
of the acoustic element is a triangular element, n14 doesnt exist. (Reference
Fig.5)
Main Index

100

Fig 4 P-A joint with quadrilateral element

Fig 5 P-A joint with triangular element

n21
n22
n24
n23
n11
n12
n13
n14
n22
n21
n23
n12
n13
n11
Main Index

101

Section 5:
Defines the acoustic treatment and the acoustic leakage.

Main Index

102
J ACPLAC Leakage over the plate

The J ACPLAC card needs to be modified in order to include the openings on the
separating plate at the joint.

Format:

J ACPLAC lgid
e1 pid n11 n12 n13 n14
e2 mid1 n21 n22 n23 n24
e3 mid2 n31 n32 n33 n34

Example:

J ACPLAC 1
1 1 11 12 13 14
11 10 101 102 103 104
12 20 201 202 203 204

Note:

lgid The ID number of an opening in the separating plate defined in LGOPENI NG
entry [integer].

Rest of parameters are the same as that in above J ACPLAC entry.

Main Index

103
TMDFACE Acoustic treatment

Define the location of the trimmed face and the material ID of the treatment. The acoustic
treatment can be only applied on the outer surface of acoustic element.

Format:

TMDFACE fmid n1 n2 n3 [n4]

Example:

TMDFACE 1 11 12 13 14

Note:

fmid The ID number of a trim material defined in the TMMAT card [integer]
n1, n2, n3, [n4]
The node IDs of acoustic elements comprising the trimmed face [integers]
Main Index

104
I V. Output of the EFEA Analysis

Based on the users selection (entered using the OUTFI LE function), the EFEA program
will output the nodal results in outputfile.txt text file (this is the default output file if the
user doesnt define the OUTFI LE entry), or outputfile.pch NASTRAN punch file, or
outputfile.mat MATLAB file. The listed components in the result file are determined
by OUTSTR, or OUTACS, or OUTBM entries defined in the EFEA input data file.

When the parameter PATRAN is defined in the OUTFI LE entry, multiple result files in
PATRAN nod format will be created, each of which corresponds to a combination of
one analyzed frequency and one subcase. The names of these multiple results file are in
the form of s_freq=XXX_subcase=YYY.nod for plate elements results, and
a_freq=XXX_subcase=YYY.nod for acoustic elements results. In these sample file
names, XXX is the frequency value, and YYY is the subcase ID. A template file
snod.res_tmpl for plate elements, and anod.res_tmpl for acoustic elements will also
be created for post-processing the results in PATRAN.

Generally, bending energy density, in-plane energy density, and transverse velocity are
the three types of output variables for the nodes of the plate elements. For the nodes of
the acoustic elements, the output variables are acoustic energy density, acoustic pressure,
and sound pressure level. Bending 1 energy density, bending 2 energy density,
longitudinal energy density, and torsion energy density can be output for the nodes of the
beam element.

Main Index

105
Appendix A. Pre-EFEA code

The Pre-EFEA code is used to create the EFEA input data files. The finite element
model constructed using a pre-processor comprises the input for the Pre-EFEA code.
The pre-EFEA code detects all geometric features, changes in material properties,
intersections between components, interfaces between structural and acoustic elements,
and it automatically performs the following actions:
disconnects the model at each joint location by adding appropriate nodes
and by updating the connectivity of the elements
creates all the necessary joints among structural elements or between
structural and acoustic elements
creates the model-all file which contains all the nodes and elements for
the structural and acoustic parts of the model (with modified node
numbers and accordingly updated element connectivity at the joints), and
all the necessary cards which define the joint connections

Required data files:

Two files are required for the Pre-EFEA code. The first one contains the entire finite
element model as generated by any general purpose pre-process. This file must be in
NASTRAN short fixed file format. The second one is called data.inp and contains
control information about the Pre-EFEA analysis.

File 1- A NASTRAN input data file:
The following information should be included in the file for ALL elements of the finite
element model:

GRID
CQUAD4 or CTRIA3
CBAR or CBEAM
CHEXA, CPENTA or CTETRA
Main Index

106
PSHELL
MAT1
In this file, the grid coordinates can be defined in local coordinate systems, and the local
coordinate systems can be rectangular, cylindrical, and spherical coordinate systems.
However, the Pre-EFEA code will translate the grid coordinates of these grids from local
coordinate systems to the global rectangular coordinate system.

The Pre-EFEA code allows the user to use INCLUDE data cards in this Nastran data
file to include additional data files.

File 2- The data.inp file:
Contains the following information:

FI LE nastran.dat
Specify the NASTRAN input data file name. The length of the file name
(including the extension) should not exceed 16 characters.

ANGLE
Specify the criterion value of the angle to identify the P-P joints
(Default value is
o
5 ). Unit: degree

DI ST d
Specify the criterion value of the distance between plate element to
acoustic element which is used to identify the P-A joints
(Default value is
6
10 0 . 1

).

PLANE
z y x
n n n , ,
Specify the normal vector of the waterline plane (outward to the water)

BASE
b b b
z y x , ,
Main Index

107
Specify the base point of the waterline plane, which can be an arbitrary
point located on the waterline plane.

STI FFENER
When beam elements exist in the Nastran input data file the user has the
option to define the connection between the beam and the plate elements
either through the BPJ OI NT connection (default) or by using the
PJ OI NT connection. When the key word STI FFENER is included in
the data.inp file then the PJ OI NT connections are generated.

EFEA_PS PSID PSSTYLE RID PID
Define the periodic stiffeners attached to the plate (or cylinder).
PSID The user specified ID for the periodic stiffener
PSSTYLE The periodic stiffener type
=1 Ring periodic stiffeners attached to a cylinder
=2 Axial periodic stiffeners attached to a cylinder
=3 Periodic stiffeners (simulated as plate elements)
attached to a flat plate
RID If PSSTYLE=1, or 2, RID refers to the ID number of PBAR
(or PBEAM) card in Nastran data file, which simulate the
stiffeners attached to a cylinder.
If PSSTYLE=3, RID refers to the ID number of PSHELL
card in Nastran data file, which refers to a group of plate
elements which act as the periodic stiffeners attached to a
flat plate.
PID Refers to the ID number of PSHELL card in Nastran data
file, which refers to a group of plate elements where the
periodic stiffeners are attached.

J GRI D_OUT
Main Index

108
Require the Pre-EFEA code to output a list of new generated nodes for
PJ OINT and BPJ OINT cards. The grid information is output to file
jgrid.txt. Every line of this file has 3 integer numbers. The first number
is the new grid ID, the second one is the corresponding old grid ID, and
the third one specifies the joint type (1 for PJ OINT, and 2 for BPJ OINT).

Output:

A single file will be created under the name model-all. It contains the majority of the
information for the EFEA analysis.

Main Index

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from GA, in the displacement

using grid point GO. Direction of v

is then transferred to End A. [Integer]

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