Petrel TIPS&TRICKS from SCM

Knowledge Worth Sharing

UsingtheMakeSimpleGridProcessto BuildUnfaultedFrameworks
Unfaultedreservoirsarerelativelyrarebutdooccurandprovideawonderfulbreakfromthetediumofmodeling faultedreservoirs.ConstructingunfaultedstructuralframeworksiseasyusingtheMakesimplegridprocess. Becauseitissoeasy,initialmodelsoffaultedreservoirsaresometimesbuiltusingunfaultedtechniquestoallow quickchecksofdata,interpretation,volumes,modelingmethods,andevenissuesrelatedtoupscalingfor simulation. TheMakesimplegridprocessisusedinplaceofthePillargriddingprocessorinplaceofboththePillargriddingand theMakehorizonsprocessestobuildunfaultedpillargridsandunfaultedstructuralframeworks.Frameworksthat arefaultedbutforwhichthefaultshavenotbeenmodeledcanalsobebuiltusingtheMakesimplegridprocess.In fact,thisapproachisusedrepeatedlybyseismicinterpreterswhilemakingtheirinterpretationtogetaquickvisual oftheirprogressandtotestgrossrockvolumes. Figure:MakesimplegridprocessisfoundintheUtilitiesfolderoftheProcessesExplorer.

ThecommonusesfortheMakesimplegridprocessaredescribedinthisdocument.

MakeSimpleGrid,aReplacementforPillarGridding
TheMakesimplegridprocessshouldbeusedtodefinethecellsofa3DGrid(pillargrid)whenfaultsarenotbeing modeledandwhentrendsarenotneededtocontroltheorientationorsizeofthe3DGridscells.Iffaultsandtrends areneeded,thenthePillargriddingprocessshouldbeused.PetreluserslikeusingtheMakesimplegridprocessfor buildingpillargridsbecauseitisquickandsimpletouse. Figure:PillargridskeletonsbuiltusingtheMakesimplegridprocesswithconstantZminandZmax(left)andwith gridsforZminandZmax(right).

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 Thestepsand/orparametersusedtocreateapillargridusingMakesimplegridare: MakesimplegridDialog Start:doubleclickontheMakesimplegridprocess(Utilitiesprocessfolder). GeneralParameters CreateneworEditexisting:allowsnaminganew3DGridorwritingoveranexistingone. Boundary:notalwaysusedbutallowsa2DGridorpolygontodefinetheboundaryofthepillargrid.Ifthe AutomaticradiobuttonischeckedontheGeometrytab,thisboundarywillalsobeusedtodefineXYlimitsand rotationparameters. InputData Skeletononly:Checkthisradiobuttontoonlybuildapillargridskeleton(dontaddhorizons). Toplimit:agridorconstantdefiningthetopofthe3DGrid(topskeleton). Baselimit:agridorconstantdefiningthebaseofthe3Dgrid(baseskeleton). Figure:GeneralandInputtabparametersforMakesimplegridprocesswhenbuildingonlyapillargridskeleton.

Geometry Automatic:CheckthisradiobuttontocollecttheXYlimitsfromeitherthesuppliedboundaryortheToplimit andBaselimitgrids. Userdefined:CheckthisradiobuttontousetheXYlimitsenteredinthelimitsparameterboxes. Xmin:Xcoordinateoflowerleftcornerofthepillargrid. Ymin:Ycoordinateoflowerleftcornerofthepillargrid.

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Xmax:Xcoordinateofupperrightcornerofthepillargrid. Ymax:Ycoordinateofupperrightcornerofthepillargrid. Width:XmaxXmin Height:YmaxYmin Rotation:usedwhenchecked.YousupplytheangleorgettheanglefromaPetrelobjecthavingastoredangle byinserting(bluearrow)theobjectorbyhighlightingtheobjectandclickingtheGetallsettingsfromselected button. Gridincrement:alwaysused.YousupplytheXincandYincorgettheincrementsfroma2DGridorseismiccube byinserting(bluearrow)theobjectorbyhighlightingtheobjectandclickingtheGetallsettingsfromselected button. Figure:GeneralandGeometrytabparametersforMakesimplegridprocessusedtobuildapillargrid.

MakeSimpleGrid,aReplacementforPillarGriddingandMakeHorizons
TheMakesimplegridprocessshouldbeusedasareplacementfortheMakehorizonsprocesswhen: Thepillargridcanbedefinedasdescribedintheprevioussection(nofaultsnotrends) Theinputdatausedtomakethehorizonsofthe3DGridare2DGrids(Note,thesegridsmayormaynot containfaultdiscontinuitiesandthatisdiscussedinthesectionbelow.)

Themostcommonscenarioistohaveasetof2DGridsdefiningthehorizonsofastructuralframework.Thegrid limitsandincrementofoneofthesegridsisusedtodefinethegeometryofthepillargrid.The2DGridsareinputin topdownorderandtheirgeologicrelationshipsspecified.Atthispoint,alltheinformationneededtobothbuildthe pillargridandmakethehorizonsofthe3DgridareknowntotheMakesimplegridprocess. Figure:Oneofseveral2DGridsusedasinputtoMakesimplegrid(left)andthehorizonsofa3DGridbuiltbyMake simplegridusingunfaulted2DGridsasinput.

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Thestepsand/orparametersusedtoinserthorizonsintoa3DGridusingMakesimplegridaredescribedbelow.The parametersneededtobuildthepillargridintowhichthehorizonsareinsertedarenotdiscussedastheywere coveredintheprevioussection. MakesimplegridDialog Seeprevioussection GeneralParameters Seeprevioussection InputData Insertsurfaces:Checkthisradiobuttontoopenthe2DGridinputtable 2DGridinputtable: Highlightoneorallofthe2DGridsthataretobeinsertedandclicktheAppenditeminthetable icon. Usetheblueup order. Usethe , or downarrowiconstoarrangethe2Dgridsintopdownstratigraphic

,and

iconstoaddordelete2DGridstothetable.

Horizontype:Highlightthehorizoninthetableandthenselectthegeologicrelationshipthathorizonisto have.Initiallyallhorizonsdefaulttoconformable. Figure:Petrelhelpdescribingthegeologicrelationshipsthatcanbesetforeachinputhorizon.

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Figure:InputtabparametersforMakesimplegridprocessusedtodefineinputdataandrelationshipsforhorizons.

Geometry SeeprevioussectionfordescriptionofAutomaticandUserDefined.Optionally,highlightoneoftheinput surfacesusedinInputDataaboveandclickeitherGetallsettingsfromselectedorGetlimitsfromselected.If youchoosethelatter,besuretocheckthegridincrements;bothXincandYinc.

BuildingFaultedFrameworksUsingMakeSimpleGrid
ModelingfaultedstructuresinPetrelorinanymodelingpackagerequiresconsiderabletimeandattentiontodetail. Wheninputdataareinterpretedseismicevents,faultdiscontinuitiesarecontainedinthedata.2DGridscanbebuilt fromthesedatathatclearlyshowthefaultdiscontinuitiesandareadequateforthegoalofmanyprojects.Project goalswhere2DGridsmightbeadequateinclude: QClooksattheseismicinterpretationtoidentifyareasneedingmorework Simplesurfacesusedasinputforvelocityprocessing Simplesurfacestogetaroughestimateofgrossrockvolumes. Inputtobuildingaquickstructuralframeworkandpropertymodelstoevaluateanexplorationprojects feasibilityforcontinueddevelopment.

Whenmorethanoneseismiceventisinvolved,itisbesttoincorporateallthe2DeventGridsintoastructural framework.Thisallowssectionstobecutthroughtheframework,zonevolumestobecalculated,isochoresor isochronstobecreated,andsimplevelocitymodelstobebuilt. Thefastestapproachtocreatestructuralframeworksofinterpretedseismiceventsisto: 1. UsetheMake/editsurfaceprocesstobuild2DGridsofeachhorizon. a. Placealltheseismicdatainonefolderintopdownstratigraphicorder(bestifeachfileisaset ofpointswithnoattributes)

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Figure:Folderwithseismiceventsarrangedintopdownstratigraphicorder.

b. UseMake/editsurfacetodefinetheparametersneededtobuilda2DGridforthefirstfilein thefolder c. ChecktheboxatthetopofMake/editsurfacethatwillRunforallmaininputinthesame folder.Thiswillcreateanewfoldercontainingalltheseismiceventsas2DGrids. Figure:Make/editsurfaceprocesswithparameterssettobuild2DGridsforallfilesinthe inputdatafolder(left)andtheresultingfolderfilledwith2DGrids(right).

Figure:Oneofthe2DseismiceventGrids(left)andallthe2DGrids(right).

2. UsetheMakesimplegridprocesstocombinethe2DGridsintoastructuralframeworkina3DGrid. a. Setparameterstocreateanew3DGridandgiveitaname.
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b. Useoneofthe2Dgridstodefineallthegeometryparameters. c. Insertallthe2DGridsintothehorizonstableintopdownstratigraphicorder d. Definethegeologicrelationships. e. Buildthe3DGrid. Figure:Makesimplegridparametersfordefiningthehorizoninputs(left)anddefiningthe pillargrid(right).

Figure:3DGridfolderintheModelstabbuiltbyMakesimplegrid(left)andstructural frameworkofhorizonscontainedinthat3DGrid(right).

Buildinganonregular(nonorthogonal)gridUsingMakeSimpleGrid
UsinganyoftheabovetechniquesbuildsaPillargridthatisorthogonal(consistentinXincandYincovertheentire gridskeleton).UsingtheTartangridoptionletsyouvarythesizeofthegridcells.Startoffnamingthenew3Dgrid andgatheringtheinputdatathesameasbefore. Next,gototheGeometrytabandsettheXYlimitsusinganyofthemethodsdescribedearlier.Dontbothersetting theXincandYincparameters,thesewillbeoverriddenintheTartangrid.Finally,gototheTartangridtab.After clickingtoMaketartangrid,thegridisconstructedusingthefollowingrules:
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 Figure:MakingatartangridusingUniformdensity.Makesimplegriddialog(left)andmodelskeleton(right);makes averyregulargrid.Thedifferenceisthatthisgridhas20rowsand20columnsandnotanumbersetbyaprescribed XincandYinc.

Figure:MakingatartangridusingLogarithmic,Centraldensity.Makesimplegriddialog(left)andmodelskeleton (right);cellsizesgetbiggerlogarithmicallyintheIdirection,symmetricfromthecenter.

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 Figure:MakingatartangridusingLogarithmic,Customdensity.Makesimplegriddialog(left)andmodelskeleton (right);cellsizesgetlargerlogarithmicallyaroundthechosenwell.

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Figure:MakingatartangridusingLogarithmic,I+density.Makesimplegriddialog(left)andmodelskeleton(right); cellsgetlargerlogarithmically,startingfromtheminimumIlocation.

Petrel is a mark of Schlumberger

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2011 SCM E&P Solutions, Inc.

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