OSI model 7.

Application Layer NNTP SIP SSI DNS FTP Gopher HTTP NFS NTP SMPP SMTP SNMP Telnet Netconf RTP (more)

6. Presentation Layer MIME XDR TLS SSL 5. Session Layer Named Pipes NetBIOS SAP L2TP PPTP SPDY 4. Transport Layer TCP UDP SCTP DCCP SPX 3. Network Layer IP (IPv4, IPv6) ICMP IPsec IGMP IPX AppleTalk 2. Data Link Layer ATM SDLC HDLC ARP CSLIP SLIP GFP PLIP IEEE 802.3 Frame Relay ITU-T G.hn DLL PPP X.25 Network Switch DHCP 1. Physical Layer EIA/TIA-232 EIA/TIA-449 ITU-T V-Series I.430 I.431 POTS PDH SONET/SDH PON OTN DSL IEEE 802.3 IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.15 IEEE 802.16 IEEE 1394 ITU-T G.hn PHY USB Bluetooth Hubs

The Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP) is an Internet application protocol used for transporting Usenet news articles (netnews) between news servers and for reading and posting articles by end user client applications The well-known TCP port 119 is reserved for NNTP. When clients connect to a news server with Transport Layer Security (TLS), TCP port 563 is used. This is sometimes referred to as NNTPS

RTP was developed by the Audio/Video Transport working group of the IETF standards organization. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) assigns port numbers. IANA is a standards body that is responsible for assigning various addressing standards. Well Known Ports (Numbers 0 to 1023) These numbers are reserved for services and applications. TCP ports: ftp port number is 21, telnet port number is 22, SMTP port number is 25, HTTP port number is 80, POP3 port number is 110, IRC (Internet Relay Chat) port number is 194, HTTPS (Secure HTTP) port number is 443.

UDP ports: TFTP port number is 69, RIP port number is 520. Registered Ports (Numbers 1024 to 49151) These port numbers are assigned to user processes or applications. TCP ports: MSN messenger port number is 1863, Cisco SCCP (VoIP) port number is 2000, Alternate HTTP port number is 8008 or 8080.

UDP ports: RADIUS Authentication Protocol port number is 1812, RTP (Voice and Video Transport Protocol) port number is 5004, SIP (VoIP) port number is 5060.

Dynamic or Private Ports (Numbers 49152 to 65535) Also known as Ephemeral Ports, these are usually assigned dynamically to client applications when initiating a connection. Well Known TCP/UDP Ports: DNS port number is 53, SNMP port number is 161, AOL messenger port number is 531.

Registered TCP/UDP Ports: MS SQL port number is 1433, WAP (MMS) port number is 2948.

Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) is an Internet standard that extends the format of e-mail to support:
Transport Layer Security (TLS) and its predecessor, Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), are cryptographic protocols that provide communications security over the Internet.[

SSL 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0

The SSL protocol was originally developed by Netscape. Version 1.0 was never publicly released; version 2.0 was released in February 1995 but "contained a number of security flaws which ultimately led to the design of SSL version 3.0" (Rescorla 2001). SSL version 3.0 was released in 1996. Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) is a proprietary protocol developed by Microsoft, which concerns providing a user with a graphical interface to another computer. The protocol is an extension of the ITU-T T.128 application sharing protocol.[1] Clients exist for most versions of Microsoft Windows (including Windows Mobile), Linux, Unix, Mac OS X, Android, and other modern operating systems. By default the server listens on TCP port 3389.[2] Microsoft currently refers to their official RDP server software as Remote Desktop Services, formerly "Terminal Services". Their official client software is currently referred to as Remote Desktop Connection, formerly "Terminal Services Client".

IBM Tivoli Storage Manager (TSM or ITSM) is a centralized, policy-based, enterprise class, data backup and recovery package. The software enables the user to insert objects not only via backup, but also through space management and archive tools. It also allows retrieval of the same data via similar restore, recall, and retrieve methods. This product is part of the IBM TotalStorage suite of products and is unrelated to Tivoli Framework. The product was known as ADSTAR Distributed Storage Manager (ADSM) before 1999 rebranding. Windows Support Tools is a suite of management, administration and troubleshooting tools for Microsoft Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Server 2003 and Windows Server 2003 R2 from Microsoft Corporation. These tools are not installed with the Windows operating system and must be separately installed. They are located on the Windows Installation CD, Support folder, Tools subfolder. They can also be downloaded from Microsoft Download Center.[1] Windows Server 2003 Support Tools includes 70 different tools.[2] For instance, WinDiff is a GUI tool for comparing files and folders.[3] NetDiag is a CLI tool for diagnosing network problems.[4] This tool is command-line version of the Network Troubleshooter that can be found in Windows Help and Support Center. Windows Installer Zapper (msizap.exe, a command-line tool) and

Windows Installer CleanUp Utility (Msicuu.exe, a GUI tool) are tools for cleaning Windows Installer databases in Microsoft Windows.[5][6]
Microsoft Windows components

Core Active Scripting (WSH VBScript JScript) Aero AutoPlay AutoRun ClearType COM (ActiveX ActiveX Document COM Structured storage DCOM OLE OLE Automation Transaction Server) Desktop Window Manager DirectX Explorer Graphics Device Interface Imaging Format .NET Framework Search (IFilter Saved search) Server Message Block Shell (Extensions File associations Namespace Special Folders) Start menu Previous Versions Taskbar Windows USER Win32 console XML Paper Specification

Management tools Backup and Restore Center cmd.exe Control Panel (Applets) Device Manager Disk Cleanup Disk Defragmenter Driver Verifier Event Viewer IEAK IExpress Management Console Netsh Problem Reports Sysprep System Policy Editor System Configuration Task Manager System File Checker System Restore WMI Windows Installer Windows PowerShell Windows Update WAIK WinSAT Windows Easy Transfer Applications Calculator Character Map Contacts DVD Maker Fax and Scan Internet Explorer Journal Magnifier Media Center Media Player Mobile Device Center Mobility Center Narrator Notepad Paint Windows Photo Viewer Private Character Editor Remote Assistance Windows Desktop Gadgets Snipping Tool Sound Recorder Speech Recognition Tablet PC Input Panel WordPad

Games 3D Pinball for Windows: Space Cadet Chess Titans FreeCell Hearts Hover! Inkball Mahjong Titans Minesweeper Purble Place Solitaire Spider Solitaire

Kernel Ntoskrnl.exe hal.dll System Idle Process Registry DLL EXE NTLDR / Boot Manager Winlogon Recovery Console I/O WinRE WinPE Kernel Patch Protection

Services SCM BITS Task Scheduler Wireless Zero Configuration Shadow Copy Error Reporting Multimedia Class Scheduler CLFS

File systems NTFS (Hard link Junction point Mount Point Reparse point Symbolic link TxF EFS) WinFS FAT (FAT12 FAT16 FAT32) exFAT CDFS UDF DFS IFS

Server Domains Active Directory DNS Group Policy Roaming user profiles Folder redirection Distributed Transaction Coordinator MSMQ Windows Media Services Rights Management Services IIS Terminal Services WSUS Windows SharePoint Services Network Access Protection PWS DFS Replication Remote Differential Compression Print Services for UNIX Remote Installation Services Windows Deployment Services System Resource Manager Hyper-V

Architecture NT series architecture Object Manager Startup process (Vista/7) I/O request packet Kernel Transaction Manager Logical Disk Manager Security Accounts Manager Windows File Protection / Windows Resource Protection Windows library files LSASS CSRSS SMSS MinWin Security User Account Control BitLocker Defender Data Execution Prevention Protected Media Path Mandatory Integrity Control User Interface Privilege Isolation Windows Firewall Security Center Compatibility Unix subsystem (Microsoft POSIX Interix) Virtual DOS machine command.com Windows on Windows WoW64 Windows XP Mode

ntdetect.com is a component of Microsoft Windows NT-based operating systems that operate on the x86 architecture. It is used during the Windows NT startup process, and is responsible for detecting basic hardware that will be required to start the operating system.

The bootstrap loader takes the control over the booting process and loads NTLDR. Ntdetect.com is invoked by NTLDR, and returns the information it gathers to NTLDR when finished, so that it can then be passed on to ntoskrnl.exe, the Windows kernel. Ntdetect.com is used on computers that use BIOS firmware. Computers with Extensible Firmware Interface, such as IA-64, use a method of device-detection that is not tied to the operating system.[

File Allocation Table

A partition is divided up into identically sized clusters, small blocks of contiguous space. Cluster sizes vary depending on the type of FAT file system being used and the size of the partition, typically cluster sizes lie somewhere between 2 kB and 32 kB. Each file may occupy one or more of these clusters depending on its size; thus, a file is represented by a chain of these clusters (referred to as a singly linked list). However these clusters are not necessarily stored adjacent to one another on the disk's surface but are often instead fragmented throughout the Data Region. The File Allocation Table (FAT) is a list of entries that map to each cluster on the partition. Each entry records one of five things:

the cluster number of the next cluster in a chain a special end of clusterchain (EOC) entry that indicates the end of a chain a special entry to mark a bad cluster a special entry to mark a reserved cluster[citation needed] a zero to note that the cluster is unused

The first two entries in a FAT store special values: The first entry contains a copy of the media descriptor (from boot sector, offset 0x15). The remaining 8 bits (if FAT16), or 20 bits (if FAT32) of this entry are 1. The second entry stores the end-of-cluster-chain marker. The high order two bits of this entry are sometimes, in the case of FAT16 and FAT32, used for dirty volume management: high order bit 1: last shutdown was clean; next highest bit 1: during the previous mount no disk I/O errors were detected.[36]

How does NTFS compared to FAT32 in Windows XP, and which is faster?
A: NTFS has much more built-in features than FAT, so generally it is a bit slower. However it depends on many factors such as cluster size, average file size, etc.

For example, NTFS can keep small files inside MFT entry, so if the file size is less than cluster size, most likely it will be accessed much faster on NTFS than on FAT. Generally speaking the performance of NTFS on large volumes is higher than performance of FAT32. NTFS performance on small volumes is lower than performance of FAT/FAT32

Q: Is it possible to convert a FAT32 Hard Drive to NTFS without losing all data on the drive? I like to change from FAT32 to NTFS, my operating system is Windows XP PRO, how can I do that? Without the lost of my programs?
A: Standard Windows utility that is called CONVERT serves this purpose Just go to the Command Prompt and execute the command:
C:\> CONVERT C: /fs:ntfs

Where C: is a name of the drive you want to convert. After machine re-boot conversion process will start and you'll have your FAT32 converted to NTFS without of data loss.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_2003 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_2008 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_2000 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Server_2012#Windows_8

The RSA cards are configured by entering the server BIOS. From there you go into the RSA cards settings and change the default IP ( 192.168.128.70 ) to one of your own. Make sure you select the option to reboot the RSA card or it will not change the IP. Type the IP address from your browser and use the username " USERID" & PASSW0RD. The password uses a zero instead of a "O".

WebSphere Remote Server V7 delivers two new bundles: IBM Retail Store Server Starter Edition and Retail Store Starter Edition with Informix Dynamic Server V7, these two editions:

Provide enhancements to the functionality delivered with the former WebSphere Remote Server Starter Edition, with a new name tailored for the retail industry. Include the latest versions of IBM WebSphere Application Server (V7), WebSphere MQ (V7), and depending on the bundle selected, either IBM DB2 Workgroup Server Edition (V9.5) or Informix Dynamic Server (V11.5). Include a new product, WebSphere sMash, enabling customers and IBM Business Partners to quickly and simply build agile Web-based applications as well as providing lightweight messaging for store applications.

Provide enhanced tools and documentation for installation and management procedures. -Include in every bundle the functionality of systems management accelerators that optimize and automate the installation and configuration of the retail store servers. IBM WebSphere Remote Server V6.2 is a leading Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) platform for remotely managed distributed environments designed specifically to integrate and provide support for store-level devices and applications - past, present, and future. As the core component for Retail Integration Framework, WebSphere Remote Server provides the foundation for innovation in store environments where customer-facing and self-service technologies are in high demand as a way of delivering a differentiated experience for the consumer. WebSphere Remote Server provides a platform to build, assemble, deploy, and manage these next generation solutions supporting industry standards, as well as protecting existing solutions, delivering a true plug-and-play platform leveraging J2EE middleware technologies. V6.2 of WebSphere Remote Server provides product release updates, simplified packaging, and enhanced installation and management. IBM WebSphere Remote Server: Provides a platform to build, assemble, deploy and manage these next generation solutions supporting the latest industry standards, as well as protecting existing solutions, delivering a true plug and play platform leveraging the latest J2EE middleware technologies available. Provides a robust middleware platform with a J2EE application server, WebSphere Application Server Network Deployment, integrated with the following: - WebSphere MQ for an assured message delivery component - DB2 Workgroup Server Edition as a relational database management system - WebSphere System Management Accelerators Tivoli Systems management and monitoring (in the standard and advanced editions) Serves today's distributed infrastructure needs and positions you for future implementations, such as the rollout of RFID technology and mobile shopping devices Offers capabilities with systems management accelerators to help remote installation and management of the distributed infrastructure Provides centrally located communication with the remote environments through WebSphere Central Site Server, which combines strategic middleware from WebSphere, DB2, and Tivoli with systems management accelerators