Educ 622 Final Exam I Instructions:

Answer/discuss comprehensively the following questions/problems. Print out your answer on short bond paper.

II

Questions:

1. "If a student failed to learn, the teacher failed to teach". Do you AGREE or DISAGREE? Defend your answer by citing concrete examples. To a certain extent, I disagree. This is so because the process of learning involves mental activity by means of which knowledge and skill are acquired, retained and utilized. Learning always implies that a change or modification (which may be comparatively simple in character to that which is extremely complex) has been produced in the response, reaction, thought, conduct or attitude of the learner. It also involves the accumulation and transfer of knowledge, however limited, from a teacher to a student. It may be possible that the teacher may not be a good teacher but to a certain extent, the teacher should have been able to impart even a limited knowledge to a student. After all, learning is not only about teaching. Its most significant characteristic is the activity of the learner and is also about the capability of a student to learn that which he is taught in which case, it is the students capacity and ability that will determine how he learns. Mere exposure to learning is not enough as learning takes place in proportion to the activity of the learner. It cannot be accounted for wholly in terms of the mental or wholly in terms of the physical but should be accounted for both the mental and physical.

2. What are the observable behaviours of a person who has "LEARNED" something? Categorize your answer under : a. Cognitive (mental); b. Affective (emotional); c. Psychomotor (skill)

The following may constitute observable behaviours of a person who has learned something: a. Cognitive (mental) - the basic outcome of this type of learning is knowledge which may be described as the mental assimilation of any object, fact, principle or law within the natural or supernatural order. That 'learned' person has: - reception of impressions through external senses - formation and construction by the imagination of sensory representation of particular objects perceived. - inductive-forming judgements concerning a number of particular cases or instances and then deriving a rule or principles by ascertaining the common qualities presented by these cases or instances. - the application of a general rule or law or principle to a particular fact. - the development of associational patterns by which ideas and experiences are retained, recalled and recognized through the process of linking together or establishing relationships between and among these ideas and experiences so that he can serve as the stimulus for the revival and recall of the other or others previously experienced. b. Affective (emotional) - the outcome in this type of learning is appreciation or aesthetic improvements. That 'learned' person possessess the following: - has developed/acquired a taste for and the expression of enjoyment of certain aspects of life such as literature, music, fine arts and the like.

c. Psychomotor (skill) - the outcome in this type of learning is skill which may be described as the adaptation of movement t stimuli resulting in speed and precision of performance. That 'learned' person has: - The ability to reproduce a series of movements to attain the required and necessary desired results. - Display the accuracy of perception. - The development of the ability of using simple muscular reaction to complex motor procession. - Being able to differentiate and eliminate useless movements and the refinement/perfecting of necessary skill in the development of the required output. 3. "Visual aids are one of the most important aids to learning that give great aid to memory". React to this statement. Explain on the basis of what the human mind can retain. The average human memory can remember approximately 10% of what one has read, approximately 20% of what one has heard, approximately 30% of what one has seen and approximately 70% of what one has seen AND heard. Personally, I agree that visual aids are one of the most important aids to learning. This is so because visual aids serves to bring the student's mind back to the topic being discussed and/or presented as any teacher will agree that he/she can only hold the students attention for several minutes. As compared to a learning environment where the teacher only talks in front of the student without any visual aids, it will be readily observable that memory retention greatly improves when the teachers use a well designed and thought out visual aids/materials particularly when stressing a point. 4. How does the teacher make learning easy for his students? How does he make learning difficult or impossible?.

A teacher can make learning easy and more fun for his students by being a good if not the best teacher. He/She should motivate the students to reach beyond their grasps. The teacher should help the students realize her strengths and encourage and challenges the students to learn through those strengths. The best teachers are the one who teach the 'whole' student and whose vision of education are not limited to the tangibles of academic achievements but encompasses daily doses of compassion, flexibility, communication, humor, imagination and the willingness to be open minded. A good teacher is someone who uses both his head and his heart in equal measure through out the school day. A little extra attention or a simple expression that a teacher values that student as a person who wants to learn can go a long way in making a potentially negative situation into a more positive one. A good teacher can and should deal with a misbehaving student and move on but should also be fair and consistent when it comes to discipline. Good teachers do not speak negatively about their students to anyone and good teachers always acknowledge that we all can learn new things everyday. By being able to think out of the box, a good teacher may also effectively deliver learning knowledge to a student. A teacher may be brilliant in the particular field he is teaching but once he fails to engage his students, then learning can never take place or may take place in a slow manner. A teacher, by creating a positive learning environment in the classroom, can make learning easy for the students. In contrast, a teacher can make learning for a student difficult or impossible by being an incompassionate, inflexible, humorless and close minded, coming to class unprepared and not admitting mistakes. By being incompassionate and close minded, a teacher may discourage a student from asking questions and/or participating in class discussions which can easily mitigate the learning process from taking place.

5. Why is seating arrangement considered a technique in classroom management?. Which seating arrangement is best for facilitating instruction?. Classroom management is about being aware of the needs of the students in order to facilitate the learning process. This include being able to provide for a setting conducive to learning particularly seating arrangements, availability of lights, etc. Moreover, the learning process itself depends upon the subject matter being studied, the type of student, the skill of the teacher and the resources that are available. The teacher has to consider the layout of the room and the seating arrangement so as to design it in a flexible manner to change the arrangement to adapt to a variety of situations. There are instances that the teacher may want to arrange the seats to afford the students more time to interact among themselves and some other times that the teacher may want to conduct a lecture-type of instruction. To me, the best seating arrangement for facilitating instruction is one where the teacher's table is the central focus from any seats in the room. This is to ensure that the students attention is focused to what the teacher has to say particularly during class discussions. 6. What are the advantage /disadvantages of Note-taking? How can a teacher encourage her students to take notes as an aid to learning?. Among the many advantages of note taking are the following: a. It will help save the student a lot of time particularly when you self study later. b. It forces the student to listen to the lecture carefully. c. It checks the students comprehension of the topic at hand. d. Helps one to learn to summarize Disadvantages of note taking: a. The student may miss key points.

b. It keeps the students' focus off the lecturer. c. It may tire the students' arm/hand. A teacher can and should encourage his/her students to take notes of the lecture. He should expressly encourage his/her students to take good notes. When the only reference material for the class is the lecture notes being given by the teacher or the set of the slides or presentation (for example) prepared by the teacher, the teacher actually lose some important part of the classroom dynamics. The students' own ideas and thoughts on the subject matter that were triggered by the lecture/presentation and the teacher's additional comments during the delivery of the lecture may not have found their way into the slides or lecture notes provided. Good notes contain more that a teacher's lecture word-for-word and are like commentaries, more often containing points that helps a students follow through on what was discussed in class.

III

Feedback

7. What do you LIKE or DISLIKE about the course EDUC 622? In particular, I like how our Professor (Dr. Pedregoza, Ph. D) manage the classroom particularly during the delivery of reports. The interactive style of reporting with our Professor doing the questioning enhances the students participation in the whole exercise. It particularly improves development of rapport between the Professor and us as students which I believe makes for an effective learning environment. I personally do not have anything I dislike in the course EDUC 622.

8.Will you use your learning from EDUC 622 in your line of work? How?. I personally could use my learning/s from EDUC 622 in my line of work. I will and try pattern the way our Professor delivered her questioning after we have completed our individual reports. In a way, the Professor's

method help me recognize the value of being able to articulate well and appreciate my own contribution to my organization.

IV.

Recommendations:

9. How may a teacher of Instructional Development Systems make her method effective?. A teacher of EDUC 622 (Instructional Development Systems) can make her method more effective by encouraging active participation of the class particularly during discussion which our present Professor have done extremely well.

10. What may be added to the course EDUC 622 in order to enhance it further?. I personally believe in the merits of having and being able to make a good notes particularly when somebody is reporting. I think that EDUC 622 should include a study on the methodology of note taking.

Title

A Reaction Paper Presented to Dr. Graciela V. Pedregosa, Ph D. Western Institute of Technology La Paz, Iloilo City

In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Course Education 622 - Instructional Development Systems

By Jose S. Tadlas March 2013