All-Wood and Hybrid Panelized Roof Structure Systems

Cost Effective Roof Solutions

The Wood Products Council is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems (AIA/CES). Credit(s) earned on completion of this program will be reported to AIA/CES for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for both AIA members and non-AIA members are available upon request. This program is registered with AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.

Copyright Materials
This presentation is protected by US and International Copyright laws. Reproduction, distribution, display and use of the presentation without written permission of the speaker is prohibited. Wood Products Council

Learning Objectives:
At the end of this program, participants will be able to know:

Gain the ability to decide which panelized roof system best suits your buildings needs Understand the basic structural, fire protection and construction aspects of designing and constructing a panelized roof. Learn what resources can help a designer design a high load diaphragm Learn what makes a panelized roof system so cost effective

Learning Objective #1
What is a panelized roof?
History Structural Components Construction/Erection methods

What is a Panelized Roof?

Pre-fabricated roof sections lifted into place Safety, cost, speed

Two common types All wood Hybrid

Evolution of Panelized Roof Construction

Over 40 years ago, a small California company called Berkeley Plywood, began with a revolutionary new method for framing a roof on industrial and commercial buildings. Originally called the Berkeley Panelized System, this method of framing became the mainstay for large wood roof structures throughout the West Coast

Progression From Plywood to OSB (Oriented Strand Board)

Pre-1980s: Only CDX or S-1, 5-ply plywood was used Wafer board was used in some residential applications

1980s: American Plywood Association (APA) brought credibility to the product New panel performance standards issued Building codes in US & Canada accept OSB for same uses as plywood on a thickness-by-thickness basis Structural Use Panels

Conversion to Hybrid Panelized Roofs

1990: Spotted Owl & other factors drive the cost off all wood systems to an all time high. The Hybrid panelized roof system is introduced by Panelized Structures, Inc. and Vulcraft steel joists. In addition to huge cost savings, the use of open-web steel joists & girders resulted in large bay spacing 60 purlin spans & 52 girder spans became typical.

Since 1991, Many National Companies Have Preferred the Hybrid Roof Structure Out West

Defining Panelized System Elements

Pre-framed Panel

Wood Structural Panel Sheathing

Purlin

Subpurlin / Stiffner

Defining Panelized System Elements

Purlin Pre-framed Panel
2 Glulam, I-joist, Open-web truss Open-web steel joist Stiffeners attached with joist hangers

Defining Panelized System Elements

Pre-framed Panel Sub purlin / Stiffener
3x6/2x6 lumber Spaced at 24 oc

Purlin

Sub purlin / Stiffener

Defining Panelized System Elements

Pre-framed Panel

Defining Panelized System Elements

APA Sheathing

Pre-framed panel

Jumbo panel

APA Sheathing
4x8, 4x10, or 8x8 jumbo panels OSB or plywood

Girder

Girder

Simple span glulam (or Cantilevered Glulam) Open-web steel joist Pre-framed panel spans between girder lines

All Wood Panelized Roof

Sub-purlins and purlins are wood elements Girders are solid or engineered wood Decking is always wood structural panel

Girder Spans
Simple Span Glulam Unbalanced layup 24F-V4/ 24F-1.8E

Glulam Purlin

Open Web Wood Truss Purlin I-Joist Purlin

Cantilevered Span Glulam Balanced layup 24F-V8/ 24F-1.8E

Terminology: Hybrid

High Strength Composite (HSC) Glulam

LVL tension laminations No finger joints 30F 32F ~20% cost premium

Hybrid Panelized Roof

Purlins and girders are steel Sub-purlins are often wood Decking is always wood structural panel

K-Series**
Short span Ex: 20K5 or 20K240/128

LH-Series**
Long span Ex: 32LH10 or 32LH310/160

G-Series**
Girders

**Steel Joist Institute Specifications

The Panelized Process

Tilt and brace walls

Joists arrive with nailers attached

OSB and all materials are delivered inside building

Tie-joists are set per OSHA

Sub-purlins are hangered with F hangers

Learning Objective #2

What are structural advantages of the panelized roof?

Seismic resistance Wind resistance Fire Protection Ease of Design

Panelized Wood Roofs Provide Enhanced Structural Performance

Seismic Resistance
These wood roof diaphragms can resist 1800 plf shear loads as shown in IBC Table 2306.2.1

Seismic Resistance
Braced Frames
Interior shear resistance can be provided with Brace Frames
1/2 JUMBO equals value of 5/8 standard 4x8 panels Strength axis installed perpendicular to supports resulting in superior bending values

High FM Wind uplift rating

A 135 mph FM rated wind up lift rating has been assign to the panelized wood roof system.

The Panelized Wood Roof System and Fire - Wind - Insurance

The panelized w ood roof system performs just as well as the conventional metal deck system for buildings with use and occupancy classifications B,F,M or S The panelized w ood roof system is just as Fire-Proof as the metal deck system when ESFR sprinklers are used - From the FM Data sheet 2-2:
3.1 Loss History -There are a total of six known fires involving suppression mode sprinkler protection. In all of these incidents, suppression mode protection was successful and no more than four sprinklers operated. In the two incidents for which detailed information was available, the sprinklers involved were not obstructed.

The Panelized Wood roof system is FM insurable

Figure 10 illustrates a panelized roof system that meets the panel attachment requirements for the various FM Windstorm Classifications.

10

Heights & Areas of Type V-b Buildings with Wood Roofs

One Story Buildings with All-wood or Hybrid Roofs can have heights up to 60 and the area is unlimited
Allowable Heights Table 503 shows 40 max for Type V-b bldgs. + 20 for sprinklers per 504. 504.2 Automatic sprinkler system increase. Where a building is equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1, the value specified in Table 503 for maximum height is increased by 20 feet (6096 mm) and the maximum number of stories is increased by one. Allowable Area IBC Section 507.3 permits the area of a one-story, Group B, F, M or S building to not be limited when the building is provided with an automatic sprinkler system throughout in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 (NFPA 13) and is surrounded and adjoined by public ways or yards not less than 60 feet in width.

No Structural Expansion Joints (DBL Frame Lines) Are Required

Design Assistance

http://www.apawood.org

http://www.woodworks.org

11

12

Norwegian Stave Churches

Learning Objective #3
Other favorable characteristics of the panelized roof?
Durability Environmental benefits Cost effectiveness:
Structure cost Roofing & insulation, Schedule

Urnes Stave Church (c. 1150)

Borgund Stave Church (c. 1180)

Safety

Built in 12th & 13th centuries 25-30 still remain today

Carbon is Stored
Durability
Buildings erected in the 50s are still functional today! Still solid and working as designed for over 50 years!

13

Comparing CO2 emissions of different materials

Sawn lumber products have a negative net CO2 contribution Wood industry often contributes biomass energy to the grid

The Wood Roof Structures are Green

lumber comes from managed forests, where companies are planting more trees than they are harvesting. OSB is produced from faster growing northern species, not old growth coastal, making good use of the forest resource. OSB manufacturers have replanted more that 22 million trees. Steel open-web trusses are made from recycled steel.

With White-Faced Batt Insulation

OSB Roof with Factory Applied Radiant Barrier

14

Value
It makes dollar sense!

Speed of Erection
The fast erection process cuts construction times - a typical 100,000 square foot warehouse roof takes approximately 2-3 weeks to erect

Floor space free of construction prefab debris during erection process and sub trades can move in quickly

No expansion joints

Roof membrane can be attached directly to sheathing using a thin DensDeck or similar protective sheet.

15

16

Comparative cost savings

Safe erection methods

$
$1.00 - $3.50 per sq.ft. savings can be realized in a hybrid system when compared to a conventional steel joist metal deck system Long Term Savings:
Inexpensive options for energy savings Faster construction means the building can be leased sooner

17

Where are Panelized Roofs used? Learning Objectives #4 Where can the system be used?
Industrial Bldgs. Warehousing Manufacturing Light Commercial Retail Sport Facilities Specialty
Designed by Kramer and Lawson

Where are Panelized Roofs used?

Most commonly with tilt-up concrete or masonry walls

Where are Panelized Roofs used?

Designed by Structural Design Group

Typical for large, low slope, roof structures

18

19

20

Questions?
Panelized Roofs This concludes The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems Course
Mark A. Dalton, SE Senior Technical Director Central US WoodWorks for Non-Residential Construction Tel: 940.268.6977 mark@woodworks.org www.woodworks.org

21