Li, Cheng. "Education and Professional Backgrounds of Current Provincial Leaders." China Leadership Monitor [Stanford] 2003: n. pag.

Hoover Institution. Web. 8 Apr. 2013. <http://media.hoover.org/sites/default/files/documents/clm8_lc.pdf>. This article from China Leadership Monitor provides an overview of educational and professional backgrounds of provincial leaders in China in 2003. Though much of the article focuses on statistics in the recent decade, it is relevant to the Third Plenum because it describes how Deng's Open Door Policy initiated Chinese study exchange programs with the US. Lin, Jing. The Opening of the Chinese Mind: Democratic Changes in China since 1978. Westport, CT: Praeger, 1994. Print. Lins work is not very valuable as a source of political analysis since it is one of the only novels that describe democratic changes in China, but it does describe the countrys economic system prior to 1978. Lin remains relatively objective as she describes the top-down decision making, collectivized production, and government regulation before Dengs economic reforms changed the countrys course. MacFarquhar, Roderick. The Politics of China: The Eras of Mao and Deng. New York: Cambridge UP, 1997. Print. In The Politics of China: The Eras of Mao and Deng, MacFarquhar analyzes power shifts after Maos death and analyzes political decisions of the Third Plenum. Additionally, he describes the influence of the Xidan Democracy Wall on the plenum and on Deng. The work is helpful in that it presents the Third Plenum in the context of previous historical events, especially the Cultural Revolution. MacFarquhar, Roderick. "Timeline Descriptions." Perspectives on China with Harvard Professor Roderick Macfarquhar. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Feb. 2013. MacFarquhars timeline of 20th century China puts Dengs 1978 reforms in comprehensive historical perspective. Although he doesnt specifically mention the Third Plenum, MacFarquhar explains the roles of the four modernizations in replacing the former collective system and offering scope for personal initiative in China. Meisner, Maurice J. The Deng Xiaoping Era: An Inquiry into the Fate of Chinese Socialism, 1978-1994. New York: Hill and Wang, 1996. Print. Meisner focuses on the events and impacts surrounding Deng Xiaopings political dominance in China, but he provides historical background from as early as 1927. He describes the Guomindang and CCP, their respective ideals, and the power struggle between

them that brought the CCP to the top rung of Chinas political ladder. Meisner continues on to summarize the Mao era but later sheds the most light on Deng Xiaopings actions following Maos death. He explains the effects of the Third Plenum, including Deng Xiaopings power promotion and Chinas new economic priorities. Real Estate Investment and Annual Growth Rate, 1986-2007. Digital image. InvestorsInsight.com, 2009. Web. The graph depicts rapid economic growth spikes throughout the 1980s and a steady increase in real estate investment in China. Ruan, Ming, Nancy Liu, Peter Rand, and Lawrence R. Sullivan. Deng Xiaoping: Chronicle of an Empire. Boulder: Westview, 1994. Print. Ming and Liu dissect the Third Plenum, describing the ideological debates that laid the basis for the plenum as well as the intentions for the meeting. Most of their analysis of the Third Plenums effects takes place on ideological and cultural planes. They provide various examples of positive and negative reactions to the plenum, and acknowledges that not everything Deng promised in the plenum took place. In Deng Xiaoping: Chronicle of an Empire, we can take a step back and analyze the plenum from a wider lens, because Ming and Liu focus on comparing the plenum with previous historical opportunities for the modernization of China. Sculpture Exhibited in Xiaogang Memorial Hall. Digital image. China.org.cn. China.org.cn, 13 Oct. 2008. Web. 17 Feb. 2013. The picture depicts a sculpture commemorating the introduction of rural reforms after the Third Plenum. Skeldon, Ronald. "Migration from China." China Migration 4: Emigration. Journal of International Affairs, 1996. Web. 8 Apr. 2013. <http://www.iupui.edu/~anthkb/a104/china/chinamigration4.htm>. Skeldon's article from the Journal of International Affairs details the history of migration from China, offering political and demographic statistics. The article describes how the Third Plenum enabled diplomacy with the US and thus an increase in Chinese students studying abroad. Spiegel, Deb. China's Rapid Growth. Digital image. Global Economic Intersection, n.d. Web. The graph compares China's percentage change in gross domestic product since 1990 with that of the US. The graph illustrates the per capita annual disposable income of urban

households in China as well as China Household Consumption Expenditures from 1978 to 2008. Digital image. Seeking Alpha, n.d. Web. The image depicts the urban skyline of Shenzhen, China, a major container port of the country. Digital image. Top 10 International City Skylines in Pictures. N.p., 9 Mar. 2012. Web. 17 Feb. 2013. The image depicts a metropolitan skyline in China and serves as physical evidence of the economic boom that China experienced after the Third Plenum. "The People's Republic Of China: IV." People's Republic of China: IV. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Feb. 2013. The webpage details politics from two major time periods in China relevant to our topic: the Post-Mao Period (1976-78,) and China and the Four Modernizations (1979-82.) It outlines power shifts after Maos death, from the Gang of Four to the triumvirate, to Hua Guofeng, to Deng Xiaoping. It provides justification for the significance of the Third Plenum as a turning point and described the political and economic changes that ensued, including the diplomatic relationship between China and the United States. United States Trade in Goods with China. Digital image. Foreign Policy Association, n.d. Web. 16 Feb. 2013. The graph illustrates a dramatic increase in exports from China to the US since 1985. Vogel, Ezra F. Deng Xiaoping and the Transformation of China. Cambridge, MA: Belknap of Harvard UP, 2011. Print. Although it goes into great depth on all things Deng, Vogels piece focuses most on the ideological aspects of the Third Plenum. Vogel analyzes the conflict between the camps of the two whatevers and practice is the sole the criterion of truth before he details the significances of the Central Party Work Conference and the Third Plenum shortly after. Describing global and national perspectives on the plenum, Vogel goes on to define Dengs work in modernizing China after 1978.