Module 6

Coupled Field Analysis

6. Coupled Field Analysis

Overview

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INTRO ODUCTIO ON TO AN NSYS - P Part art 2

In this chapter, we will briefly describe how to do a thermal-stress analysis. The purpose is two-fold:
To show you how to apply thermal loads in a stress analysis. To introduce you to a coupled-field coupled field analysis.

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Coupled Field Analysis

Overview
Thermally Induced Stress When a structure Wh t t i is heated h t d or cooled, l d it deforms by expanding or contracting. If the deformation is somehow restricted by displacement constraints or an opposing pressure, for example thermal stresses are induced in the structure. Another cause of thermal stresses is nonuniform deformation, due to different materials (i.e, different coefficients of thermal expansion).

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INTRO ODUCTIO ON TO AN NSYS - P Part 2

Thermal stresses due to constraints

Thermal stresses due to different materials

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Coupled Field Analysis

Overview

Training Manual

INTRO ODUCTIO ON TO AN NSYS - P Part 2

There are two methods of solving thermal-stress problems using ANSYS. Both methods have their advantages.
Sequential coupled field
- Older method, uses two element types mapping thermal results as structural temperature loads + Efficient when running many thermal transient time points but few structural time points + Can easily be automated with input files

Direct coupled field

+ Newer method uses one element type to solve both physics problems + Allows true coupling between thermal and structural phenomena - May carry unnecessary overhead for some analyses

Topics covered: A. Sequential Method B Direct Method B. C. Workshop

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Coupled Field Analysis

A. Sequential Method
The Sequential method involves two analyses:
1. First do a steady-state (or transient) thermal analysis.
Model with thermal elements. Apply pp y thermal loading. g Solve and review results.

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Thermal Analysis
jobname.rth Temperatures

2. Then do a static structural analysis.

Switch element types to structural. Define structural material properties, including thermal expansion coefficient. Apply structural loading, including temperatures from thermal analysis. Solve and review results.

Structural Analysis
jobname.rst

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Coupled Field Analysis

Sequential Method
1. Thermal Analysis
The procedure for this is described in Intro Part 1.

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2. Structural Analysis
a) Move to PREP7 and switch element types from thermal to structural. Main Menu > Preprocessor > Element Type > Switch Elem Type Or ETCHG command Caution: Switching element types will reset all element options back to their default settings. For example, if you used 2-D axisymmetric elements in the thermal analysis, you may need to re-specify the axisymmetric option after the switch. Therefore, be sure to verify and set the proper element options: Main Menu > Preprocessor > Element Type > Add/Edit/Delete > [Options] Or use ETLIST and KEYOPT commands

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Coupled Field Analysis

Sequential Method

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INTRO ODUCTIO ON TO AN NSYS - P Part 2

b) Define structural material properties (EX, etc.), including the coefficient of thermal expansion (ALPX). (If you use the ANSYSsupplied material library, library both thermal and structural properties will be defined, so this step may not be needed.) Note: If ALPX is not defined or set to zero, no thermal strains will be calculated. You can use this technique to turn off temperature effects! c) Specify static analysis type. This step is needed only if the thermal analysis was a transient. y Type yp > New Analysis y Main Menu > Solution > Analysis Or ANTYPE command

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Coupled Field Analysis

Sequential Method
d) Apply structural loads and include temperatures as part of the loading. M Main i Menu M > Solution S l ti > D Define fi L Loads d >A Apply l > St Structural t l> Temperature > From Therm Analy Or use the LDREAD command. e) So Solve. e f) Review stress results.

Training Manual

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INTRO ODUCTIO ON TO AN NSYS - P Part art 2

Coupled Field Analysis

B. Direct Method

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INTRO ODUCTIO ON TO AN NSYS - P Part 2

The Direct Method usually involves just one analysis that uses a coupled-field element type containing all necessary degrees of freedom. freedom
1. First prepare the model and mesh using one of the
following coupled field element types. PLANE13 (plane solid). SOLID5 (hexahedron).

Thermal Analysis
Combined

SOLID98 (tetrahedron). 2. Apply both the structural and thermal loads and constraints to the model model. 3. Solve and review both thermal and structural results.

Structural Analysis

jobname.rst
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Coupled Field Analysis

Sequential vs. Direct Method

Sequential
For coupling situations which do not exhibit a high degree of nonlinear interaction, the sequential method is more efficient and flexible because you can perform the two analyses independently of f each other. In a sequential thermal-stress analysis, for example, you can perform a nonlinear transient thermal analysis followed by a linear static stress analysis. You can then use nodal temperatures from ANY load step or time-point in the thermal analysis as loads for the stress analysis.

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Direct
Direct coupling is advantageous when the coupled-field interaction is highly nonlinear and is best solved in a single solution using a coupled formulation. Examples of direct coupling include piezoelectric analysis, conjugate heat transfer with fluid flow, and circuit-electromagnetic analysis.

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Coupled Field Analysis

C. Workshop
Refer to your Workshop Supplement for instructions on:
W6A. Axisymmetric Pipe with Fins (Sequential Coupled Field) W6B. Axisymmetric Pipe with Fins (Direct Coupled Field)

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INTRO ODUCTIO ON TO AN NSYS - P NSYS Part art 2