CLEFT SENTENCES (Cu ch)

Cu ch c dng nhn mnh mt thnh phn ca cu nh ch t, tc t hay trng t

1. Nhn mnh ch t (Subject focus) a. Vi danh t / i t ch ngi It + is / was + Noun / pronoun + who + V + O Ex: My brother collected these foreign stamps. It was my brother who collected these foreign stamps. b. Vi danh t ch vt It + is / was + Noun + that + V + O Ex: Her absence at the party made me sad. It was her absence at the party that made me sad. 2. Nhn mnh tc t (Object focus) a. Vi danh t / i t ch ngi It + is / was + Noun / pronoun + who(m) + S + V Ex: I met Daisy on the way to school. It was Daisy who(m) I met on the way to school. Note: Khi nhn mnh tc t ta c th dng who thay cho whom nhng khi nhn mnh ch t th khng dng whom thay cho who. b. Vi danh t ch vt It + is / was + Noun + that + S + V Ex: My brother bought an old motorbike from our neighbor. It was an old motorbike that my brother bought from our neighbor. 3. Nhn mnh trng t (Adverbial focus) It + is / was + Adverbial phrase + that + S + V Ex: - We first met in December. It was in December that we first met. - Phan Thanh Gian was born in this village. It was in this village that Phan Thanh Gian was born.

4. Cu ch b ng (Cleft sentences in the passive) a. Vi danh t / i t ch ngi It + is / was + Noun / pronoun + who + be + V3/-ed Ex: Fans gave that singer a lot of flowers. It was that singer who was given a lot of flowers. b. Vi danh t ch vt It + is / was + Noun + that + be + V3/-ed Ex: People talk about this film. It is this film that is talked about. - Fans gave that singer a lot of flowers. It was a lot of flowers that were given to that singer.

Subject and verb agreement (Ha hp gia ch ng v ng t)

Qui tc chung: S s t + V s t S s nhiu + V s nhiu Ex: The boy is playing football in the schoolyard. The students havent finished their tests yet. Mt s trng hp khc: 1. ng t chia s t: - Noun and Noun (ch cng mt ngi, mt vt) Ex: The singer and composer is performingtonight. - Each, every, either, neither + Noun (s t) Ex: Every ariticle in this newspaper is very interesting. - Each, every. Either, neither + of + Noun (s nhiu) Ex: Each of children has a toy. - Everything, something, anything, everybody, somebody, anybody, everyone, someone, anyone, nobody, nothing, noone Ex: Everything looks bright and cleans. - Danh t ch tin tc, mn hc (tn cng bng ics), bnh tt, t nc: news, physics, politics, measles, mumps, the Philippines, the United States, Ex: Physics is more difficult than chemistry. - Danh t khng m c Ex: The furniture was more expensive than we thought. - Thi gian, tin bc, khong cch, trng lng

Ex: Four weeks is a long time to wait to hear from him. - Mnh , V-ing, to-inf Ex: What he told was untrue. Collecting stamps is my hobby. To study English well is not easy. 2. ng t chia s nhiu: - Noun and noun (ch 2 ngi, 2 vt khc nhau) Ex: The singer and the composer are performing tonight. Water and oil do not mix. - The + adj: ch mt nhm ngi Ex: The rich are not always happy. - Danh t tp hp: police, cattle, poultry, people, Ex: The police have arrested the thieves. - Some, a few, both, many, several + Noun (s nhiu) Ex: Some books I read yesterday are famous. 3. ng t c th s t hoc s nhiu:

- Either .. or - Neither nor + V (da vo Noun gn ng t nht) - Not only . but also Ex: Not only my brother but also my sister is here. - Noun 1 + gii t + Noun 2 + V (da vo Noun 1) Ex: A box of cigarettes contains 20 pipes. - The number of + Noun s nhiu + V s t - A number of + Noun s nhiu + V s nhiu - All, some, none, plenty, Noun s t V s t - Half, Most, the rest, + of + - a lot, lots Noun s nhiu V s nhiu Ex: None of the boys are good at English. A lot of coffee has been sold. as well as - Noun 1 + together with + Noun 2 + V (da vo Noun 1) along with with Ex: Mr. Smith, as well as his wife, jogs every morning.