Section 1

Abbreviations and Conversions

1.1 Procedure abbreviations

The abbreviations in Abbreviations table are common in written chemical procedures: Table 1 Abbreviations
Abbreviation Definition C F ACS degree(s) Celsius (Centigrade) degree(s) Fahrenheit American Chemical Society reagent grade purity Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, published jointly by the American Public Health Association (APHA), the American Water Works Association (AWWA) and the Water Environment Federation (WEF), is the standard reference work for water analysis. Order from Hach Company, requesting Catalog No. 2270800 or from the Publication Office of the APHA. Many procedures contained in this manual are based on Standard Methods. AccuVac bicinchoninate concentrated dropping bottle disinfection by-products Code of Federal Regulations Estimated detection limit Environmental Protection Agency free and total FerroMo FerroVer FerroZine grams grains per gallon (1 gr/gal = 17.12 mg/L) high range Abbreviation Definition L LR MDL MDB mg/L g/L mL MR NIPDWR litervolume equal to one cubic decimeter (dm3) low range method detection limit marked dropping bottle milligrams per liter (ppm) micrograms per liter (ppb) milliliter1/1000 of a liter. It is approximately the same as a cubic centimeter (and is sometimes called a cc). medium range National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System phosphorus poly chlorinated biphenyl parts per billion parts per million Rapid Liquid self-contained dropping bottle trihalomethane Test N Tube total organic carbon total petroleum hydrocarbons 2,4,6-Tri-(2-Pyridyl)-1,3,5-Triazine United States Environmental Protection Agency ultra low range

APHA Standard Methods

AV Bicn conc DB DBP CFR EDL EPA F&T FM FV FZ g gr/gal HR

NPDES P PCB ppb ppm RL SCDB THM TNT TOC TPH TPTZ USEPA ULR

Page 17

Abbreviations and Conversions

1.2 Conversions
1.2.1 Chemical species
Species conversion factors for many commonly used chemicals are listed in the Conversion factors table. Table 2 Conversion factors
To Convert From... mg/L Al mg/L B mg/L Ca-CaCO3 mg/L CaCO3 mg/L CaCO3 g/L Carbo. g/L Carbo. g/L Carbo. mg/L Cr6+ mg/L Cr6+ mg/L Cr6+ mg/L MgCaCO3 mg/L Mn mg/L Mn mg/L mg/L Mo6+ Mo6+ To... mg/L Al2O3 mg/L H3BO3 mg/L mg/L Ca2+ Ca2+ Multiply By... 1.8895 5.7 0.4004 0.4004 0.2428 1.92 2.69 3.15 2.231 3.115 2.077 0.2428 2.876 2.165 1.667 2.146 1.216 4.427 0.726 0.197 1.216 1.288 1.5 0.3045 4.926 4.926 3.284 3.284 4.427 0.3261 0.3261 0.7473 0.7473 0.4674 0.4674

mg/L Mg2+ g/L Hydro. g/L ISA g/L MEKO mg/L CrO42 mg/L Na2CrO4 mg/L Cr2O72 mg/L Mg2+ mg/L KMnO4 mg/L MnO4 mg/L MoO4
2

mg/L Na2MoO4 mg/L NH3 mg/L NO3 mg/L NH2Cl mg/L N mg/L NH3 mg/L NH4+ mg/L NaNO2 mg/L NO2N mg/L NaNO2 g/L NaNO2 mg/L NO2 g/L NO2 mg/L NO3 mg/L P g/L P mg/L P2O5 g/L P2O5 mg/L Si g/L Si

mg/L N mg/L N mg/L Cl2 mg/L Cl2 mg/L NH3N mg/L NH3N mg/L NO2 mg/L NO2 mg/L NO2N g/L NO2N mg/L NO2N g/L NO2N mg/L NO3N mg/L PO43 g/L PO43 mg/L PO43 g/L PO43 mg/L SiO2 g/L SiO2

Page 18

Abbreviations and Conversions 1.2.2 Hardness conversion

See the Hardness conversion factors table for the factors to convert hardness from one unit of measure to another. For example, to convert mg/L CaCO3 to German parts/100,000 CaO, multiply the value in mg/L x 0.056. Table 3 Hardness conversion factors
Units of Measure mg/L CaCO3 English gr/gal CaCO3 US gr/gal CaCO3 Fr. p/ 100,000 CaCO3 Ger. p/100,000 CaO meq/L g/L CaO lb/cu ft CaCO3
1 epm/L

mg/L CaCO3

British gr/gal (Imperial) CaCO3 0.07

American gr/gal (US) CaCO3 0.058

French Parts/ 100,000 CaCO3 0.1

German Parts/ 100,000 CaO 0.056

meq/L1

g/L CaO

lb/cu ft CaCO3 6.23x105 8.9x104 1.07x103 6.23x104

1.0

0.02

5.6x104 8.0x103 9.66x103 5.6x103

14.3

1.0

0.83

1.43

0.83

0.286

17.1

1.2

1.0

1.72

0.96

0.343

10.0

0.7

0.58

1.0

0.56

0.2

17.9 50.0 1790.0 16,100.0

1.25 3.5 125.0 1,123.0

1.04 2.9 104.2 935.0

1.79 5.0 179.0 1,610.0

1.0 2.8 100.0 900.0

0.358 1.0 35.8 321.0

1x102 2.8x102 1.0 9.0

1.12x103 3.11x102 0.112 1.0

or mval/L

Note: ----------

meq = N 1000 L

Page 19