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In two-dimension motion a body moves in a plane. e.g. a particle rolling in a circle, a cricket ball caught by a fielder. In the first case the body can go round with a constant velocity or it could move with a non-constant velocity. In the second part the cricket ball in a projectile i.e. it has been thrown and it goes under the operation of gravity. This motion is projectile motion. (i) Position and Displacements: As we had done in one-dimensional linear motion, the first task for us is to check where the body is i.e. its position. The location here is a vector intends from a reference point to the body. In the unit vector presentation it may be defined, r xi y j Where x i , y j are the vector element of r and the coefficients x and y are its scalar element. The coefficients of x and y provide the objects location along the axes and relative to the origin. Figure defines particle P whose position vector at an instant is
r 3i 6 j

y 6
6j

3i

As the body moves its position vector (P.V.) modifies such that the vector always extends to the body from origin. Considering the particle has a P.V. r 1 at time t1 and P.V. r 2 at time t2, its displacement is r r 2 r 1 In the mean time interval r . (i) Velocity and Average velocity: If a particle goes through a displacement r in a time interval t , then the average speed is
x y x i y j r i j V t t t t

V V x i Vy j

Here Vx i and Vy j are x and y elements of average velocity.

The instantaneous velocity, But

r =x i+ y j

r d r V lim t 0 t dt

dx dy v= i+ j or dt dt Vx dx dy , Vy , dt dt

v =Vx i + Vy j

tangent of P(t1) P r r2 X

then elements of V along x-axis and y-axis respectively.

r1

Path of P

In following diagram particle is at r 1 at t1 and at r 2 at t2 (= t1+ t2). The vector r is the particle displacement in time t . Then as it is clear from (1) average velocity V points in similar direction as r

Vy

Vx

Now if we remove t we see that (1) (2) (3)

vector r 2 goes towards r 1

Path of P X

r goes smaller and its direction tends to the tangent In the limit t 0, r , the instantaneous speed at t1 i.e. average velocity becomes instantaneous velocity V , which has the direction along tangent line.