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P Po ow we er r
It is described as rate of work done with respect to time. There are two kinds of power:
(i) Rate of doing work is known power. It is a scalar quantity. If velocity vector creates an angle u with
the force component, then P F v Fv cos = = u

(ii) In rotator motion:
d
P
dt
u
=t =to
Since
dW
P
dt
=
W Pdt =
}
Therefore area inside power-time graph is same to work done.
AVERAGE POWER
( )
P
In a given interval of time it is described as net work divided by net time.
W
P
t
D
=
D
Work done
Average Power
Time taken todo work
= =
Total changeinKinetic energy
Total time
or
dK
P
dt
=
INSTANTANEOUS POWER (P)
The instantaneous power of an agent is described as the limiting value of the average power of an agent in
a small time interval, when the time interval tends to zero.
Thus, if AW is work done in a small interval A t, then instantaneous power is shown as
t 0
W dW
P LT
t dt
A
A
= =
A
(i)
Now, dW F ds =

dS
P F
dt
=

Again,
dS
v
dt
=

, the instantaneous velocity of the particle. Therefore, P F v =

(ii)
Thus, instantaneous power of an agent is calculated as the dot product of its instantaneous velocity and the
force acting on it at that instant.
If u is angle between F

and v

, then P = F v cos u
In case u = 0
o
, P = F v