Cairo University Electrical Power and Machines Dept.

Second year (2007-2008) Signals and Systems

Worked Examples (Fourier transform)

1. Determine the Fourier transform of each of the following: (a) (t + 1) + (t 1) (b) The periodic signal {1 + cos(6t + )} 8 (c) e2|t1| Ans. (a) Let x1 (t) = (t + 1) + (t 1). Then the Fourier transform X1 (w) of x(t) is:

X1 (w) = = e
jw

[ (t + 1) + (t 1)]ejwt dt

+ ejw = 2 cos(w)

) is periodic with a fundamental period of T = 1/3. This (b) The signal x2 (t) = 1+cos(6t+ 8 translates to a fundamental frequency of w0 = 6 . The nonzero Fourier series coecients of this signal may be found by the general expression for Fourier series coecients or by writing x2 (t) in the form 1 x2 (t) = 1 + (ej (6t+/8) ej (6t+/8) ) 2 1 j/8 j 6t 1 j/8 j 6t = 1+ e e + e e 2 2 ej/8 , c1 = Therefore, the nonzero Fourier series coecients of x2 (t) are c0 = 1, c1 = 1 2 1 j/8 e . We know that for periodic signals, the Fourier transform consists of a train of 2 impulses occurring at nw0 . Also, the area under each impulse is 2 times the Fourier series coecient cn . Therefore, X2 (w) = 2c0 (w) + 2c1 (w w0 ) + 2c1 (w + w0 ) = 2 (w) + ej/8 (w 6 ) + ej/8 (w + 6 ) (c) Let x(t) = e2|t1| . Then the Fourier transform X (w) of x(t) is:

X (w) =

e2|t1| ejwt dt e2(t1) ejwt dt +

jw 1

=
1 jw

e2(t1) ejwt dt

= e /(2 + jw) + e = 4ejw /(4 + w2 ) 1

/(2 jw)

2. Determine the continuoustime signal corresponding to each of the following transforms. (a) X (w) = 2[ (w 1) (w + 1)] + 3[ (w 2 ) + (w + 2 )] (b) X(w) as given by the magnitude and phase plots of gure 1.
|X( )| Angle of X( )

-1

-3

Figure 1: Problem 2-b Ans. (a) x(t) =

2j sin(t) 3 + cos(2t)

(b) The inverse Fourier transform equation may be written as x(t) = = = = + = = 3. Given the relationships y (t) = x(t) h(t) and g (t) = x(3t) h(3t), and given that x(t) has Fourier transform X (w) and h(t) has Fourier transform H (w), use transform properties to show that g (t) has the form 2
1 |X (w)|eX (w) ejwt dw 2 0 1 1 j 3w jwt [ (w)e e dw + wej 3w ejwt dw] 2 1 0 0 1 1 [ wejw(t3) dw + wejw(t3) dw] 2 1 0 0 jw(t3) 1 we ejw(t3) /j (t 3)dw) [( |0 1 + 2 j (t 3) 1 1 jw(t3) we |1 + ejw(t3) /j (t 3)dw] j (t 3) 0 0 ... cos(3t) sin(t) sin(2t + jt jt2

g (t) = Ay (Bt). Determine the values of A and B . Ans. We know that x(3t) Therefore, 1 w X ( ), 3 3 h(3t) 1 w H( ) 3 3 (1)

1 w w G(w) = FT {x(3t) h(3t)} = X ( )H ( ) 9 3 3 Y (w) = FT {x(t) h(t)} = X (w)H (w)

Now note that From this, we may write Using this in eq. (1), we have

w w w Y ( ) = X ( )H ( ) 3 3 3 1 w G(w) = Y ( ) 9 3 1 g (t) = y (3t) 3

and

Therefore, A =

1 3

and B = 3.