HSDPA Overview

Thomas Winter, UMTS Network Engineering, Com MN PG NT NE 2

Content
HSDPA Principle Mechanisms for Capacity Improvements New modulation schemes and Adaptation Fast Scheduling and Multi-user Diversity Hybrid ARQ Peak Rates and Throughput per User

HSDPA Principle

HSDPA Principle (1)

User A

H DC

-A -B -C

User A

H DC

H DC

C , B , A g n i l u d he c S
NodeB w/ HSDPA

User B User C

NodeB w/o HSDPA User B User C

Dedicated pipe for every UE Release `99

Fat pipe is shared among UEs Release 5

HSDPA Principle (2) HSDPA uses spare capacity on the air interface

Uu

Iub

UE
P HSDPA DCH + Rel. 99 Pthr

Cell

Node B

RNC

RAB1 RAB2

RLC1 RLC2

RABn RLCn t Scheduler: Maximum Carrier-to-Interference Ratio (Max-CIR)

Scheduler

HSDPA Limitations HSDPA only for PS Interactive/Background Rel. 5 users HSDPA users get resources if available on the air interface, i.e. CS and PS Streaming users have priority Data rate for PS Interactive/Background Rel. 99 users can be restricted HSDPA not supported over Iur Core network is not aware of using HSDPA

HSDPA Principle RRM Functions in the Node B

Resource Allocation Scheduling

Power Control Open Loop Power Control

Major HSDPA RRM functions in NodeB!

HSDPA Principle Radio Bearer Translation

UE UL and DL configuration with HSDPA
DL DCCH DTCH DCCH UL DTCH

UL Dedicated Channel DL Shared Channel

DCH

DCH
0 kbps

HS-DSCH

DCH

DCH

DPCH

DPCH

Up to 15 HS-PDSCH (High Speed Physical Data Shared Channels) can be configured per cell

HSDPA principle Time / Code Multiplex

SF=1 SF=2 SF=4 SF=8 SF=16

Physical channels ( codes) to which HS-DSCH is mapped SF HSDPA = 16 Number of codes to which HSDPA transmission is
TTI = 2 ms
All codes to which HSDPA transmission is mapped (5 in this example)
Data to UE #1
Data to UE #2
Data to UE #3
Code

mapped: 12 ( example)

Time

HSDPA Mechanisms for Capacity Improvement

Mechanism for Capacity Improvements Higher Order Modulation and Coding

Higher order Modulation is used:

Release 99:

QPSK

Release 5: 16-QAM Channel bit rate of 960 kbit/s (SF 16)

Channel bit rate of 480 kbit/s (SF 16)

Different Coding rates possible: from 0.143 to 0.887

Siemens ICM N templ-example.ppt

11

Modulation and Coding Schemes

MCS MCS1 MCS2 MCS3 MCS4 MCS5 MCS6 MCS7

Modulation

QPSK QPSK QPSK QPSK 16QAM16QAM16QAM

Coding Rate

0.3586 0.52083 0.7125 0.875 0.53125 0.6125 0.7083

throughput per HSPDSCH code [kbps]

172

250

342

420

510

588

680

Mechanism for Capacity Improvements Fast Scheduling and Multi-user Diversity

2 ms P

Constructive use of fading: multi-user diversity!

t Node B RNC t Scheduler

Feedback of recommended code rate and modulation

Source: Dr. Alexander Seeger

Mechanism for Capacity Improvements Scheduling Algorithm Maximum Carrier-to-Interference Ratio (Max-CIR) scheduler assigns all transmission resources (power, channelisation codes) to the UE with the best channel quality. This strategy maximizes throughput. QoS depends just on channel quality / UE position; no fairness between UEs. Deviations from the MaxCIR strategy reduce capacity, like for guaranteed bit rates (for streaming services), priority classes, QoS demands. Proportional Fair gives better throughput values for all users.

Mechanism for Capacity Improvements Hybrid ARQ

If transmission fails, request for repetition and transmit with higher code rates (weaker error correcting code). Receiver combines all transmission attempts Minimisation of redundancy Chase Combining: Each re-transmission is an identical copy of the first transmission; maximum-ratiocombining is performed at the UE Incremental redundancy: Each re-transmission contains additional redundancy that has not been sent before. This code-combining at the UE has better performance than Chase Combining but include higher complexity at the UE

both options defined for HSDPA by 3GPP

Peak Rates and Throughput per User Performance: Magic Numbers Peak rate 10.8 Mbps This figure dates back to spring 2001, when Motorola pushed for standardization of HSDPA in 3GPP. It is based on a code rate of 3/4 and 16QAM. There is no justification for this figure in current 3GPP specifications anymore. Peak rate 14.4 Mbps Theoretical value, based on uncoded 16QAM transmission. Peak rate 16.0 Mbps (TS 23.107, 24.008) Maximum peak rate that can be requested from the UE.

Peak Rates and Throughput per User Realistic Peak Rates Realistic estimations on peak rates should assume: 16 QAM code rate 90% successful transmissions (10% retransmissions) 12 channelisation codes (otherwise no channelisation codes are left for the associated DCHs; each UE on HS-DSCH needs one associated DCH) This yields a peak rate of 7.8 Mbps

Throughput per user depends on radio condition, number of users and UE type.

HSDPA Admission Control

HSDPA Admission Control Generic Formula used for Admission Control Current load + New load old Load < Threshold Uplink load based on RTWP No changes from UMR4.0 to UMR4.0 HS Downlink load Dedicated channels: in HSDPA cells measurement of non-HSDPA power (in percentage of the Maximum Configured Node B power) Dedicated channels in non-HSDPA cells (or HSPDA disabled) Measurement of total Transmitted Carrier Power (TCP)

Motivation (1) HSDPA uses the remaining carrier power after DPCHs and CCHs have been served on a very fast time basis. Admission Control is based on non-HSDPA-Transmitted Carrier Power BRA requests of PS Interactive/Background UE for higher rate are evaluated by Admission Control based on non-HSDPA load. Even if HSDPA is fully loaded, many UE on DCH may still receive 384 kbps. This can cause degradation of HSDPA performance. Rel.99 UE or UE rejected on HSDPA setup may experience much better performance than UE on the HSDPA, this will also degrade overall cell performance Possibly bad QoS perception by the HSDPA user

Motivation (2)
Possible HSDPA traffic degradation due to high Rel99 PS traffic on DCH PDL PMAX

HSDPA DCH

HSDPA

CCH

Parameters for Admission Control

Name Type Minimum SF ENUM available for PS Int/BG on DCH in HSDPA cell Range 8, 16, 32 Default Description 8 The minimum SF available in this HSDPA cell for PS Int/BG if the condition of at least x UE on HSDPA is fulfilled. Default of 8 means disabled. Note: A similar parameter already exist under the name Minimum SF available This parameter is still needed since AC will determine the maximum of both (if HSDPA condition applies!) If the current number of UE on the HSDPA exceeds this value in the HSDPA cell, rate restriction for PS Int/BG on DPCH will be applied in this cell. 0= one HS-UE on HSDPA suffices to start RC-hs

Threshold for Integer Activating Rate restriction for PS INT/BG on DCH in HSDPA cell

0,..,256

HSDPA Code Allocation

Codes for HSDPA

HS-DSCH is mapped in DL on 1-15 HS-PDSCH (SF 16) 1-4 HS-SCCH (SF 128) Constraints in DL:

Name

Type

Range 1-15 1-4

R/W R/W R/W

Number-of-HS- Integer PDSCH-codes Number-of-HS- Integer SCCH-codes

all DL HS-DSCH codes have to be below primary SC in case 15 HS-PDSCH are configured, only 3 HS-SCCH are possible to be configured UL: no channelisation Code constraints for HS-DPCCH (SF 256)

Code usage after cell setup

16

+ 15xHS-PDSCH

16

16

32

32

64

64

64

64

128

128

128

128

128

128

128

128

256

256

256

256

256

256

256

256

256

256

256

256

256

256

256

256

Agenda: - allocated, used SF - SF unavailable, because of other used SF SF of common channels: CPICH 256, P-CCPCH 256, S-CCPCH 64, AICH 256, PICH 256, Sec. S-CCPCH for PCCH 128 - available

Parameters
Name Number of HSPDSCH codes Nr of HSSCCHs Q3-Name LMTType Name no_pdsc Integer h no:scch Integer Range 1,..., 15 Unit R/ W R W *) R W *) Defau Description lt Number of HS-PDSCH codes per cell If HS-PDSCH = 15 and PCH is mapped on standalone PCCH, then Nr of HSSCCHs <= 3. Number of HS-SCCH channels If ccho_type of dlcc command is 0 or 1 (not "S-CCPCH carrying PCH/FACH_multiplexing") and "no_pdsch=15", "no_scch=4" is cannot be specified. 3 Default Power offset between HS-PDSCH and P-CPICH/S-CPICH. Note: this must be set to the same value for all cells within one Node B

1,, 4

HS-DSCH Power Offset

po_dsch Real

-6,, 13 by step 0.5

dB

R W *)

HSDPA Questions

Questions about HSDPA RRM for HSDPA HSDPA power: Is the assignment of HSDPA power fixed or dynamical? How does the resource assignment between Release 99 and HSDPA traffic work? When using HSDPA and UMTS in the same carrier, how codes are shared? (same code tree?) How is the assignment of channelization codes for the HS-DPSCH done? How many users per code?