Digital Logic Design ECE-103

Mini Project

LED VOLTMETER CIRCUIT

Submitted to: R.Anitha, Asst. Prof.(Sr), SENSE, VLSI Design Division, VIT University, Vellore.

Submitted by:NAVEEN.Y 11BEC0077, KAUSHIK REDDY.A 11BEC0285

CONTENTS:1. OBJECTIVE 2. WORKING PRINCIPLE 3. COMPONENTS REQUIRED 4. COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION 5. PIN DIAGRAM 6. PIN DESCRIPTION 7. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 8. CIRCUIT WORKING 9. APPLICATIONS 10.DRAWBACKS 11.DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED 12.CONCLUSION 13.RESULT 14.REFERENCES

LED VOLTMETER CIRCUIT OBJECTIVE:To design a circuit for measuring the voltage level in a battery using comparator and LEDs.

WORKING PRINCIPLE:The circuit is based on four comparators made of quad op amp LM324.The inverting inputs of IC are kept at reference voltages 100%,75%,50%,25% that is 12V,9V,6V,3V as we are using a 12 V battery respectively at pins 2,6,9,13 by using resistors R1,R2,R3,R4. The battery voltage is fed to the non-inverting input pins 3, 5, 10, 12 respectively. When there is variation in the battery voltage level, the output of each op amp goes high accordingly as they are wired as voltage comparators and the corresponding LEDs glow.

COMPONENTS REQUIRED:Name of the items Comparator Resistors PCB board DC Power supply Specification IC_LM324N 1K Ohms Quantity 1 4 1

COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION:IC_LM324N LM324 is a 14pin IC consisting of four independent operational amplifiers (op-amps) compensated in a single package. Op-amps are high gain electronic voltage amplifier with differential input and, usually, a single-ended output. The output voltage is many times higher than the voltage difference between input terminals of an op-amp. These op-amps are operated by a single power supply and need for a dual supply is eliminated. They can be used as amplifiers, comparators, oscillators, rectifiers etc. The conventional op-amp applications can be more easily implemented with LM324.

PIN DIAGRAM:-

PIN DESCRIPTION:Pin No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Function Output of 1st comparator Inverting input of 1st comparator Non-inverting input of 1st comparator Supply voltage; 5V (up to 32V) Non-inverting input of 2nd comparator Inverting input of 2nd comparator Output of 2nd comparator Output of 3rd comparator Inverting input of 3rd comparator Non-inverting input of 3rd comparator Ground (0V) Non-inverting input of 4th comparator Inverting input of 4th comparator Output of 4th comparator Name Output 1 Input 1Input 1+ Vcc Input 2+ Input 2Output 2 Output 3 Input 3Input 3+ Ground Input 4+ Input 4Output 4

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:-

CIRCUIT WORKING:A single IC LM 324 is used to measure the voltage level in the battery. each op amp receives voltage through the potential divider chain R1 to R4. So depending on the input voltage, each op amp compares it with the reference voltage at the inverting input. If the voltage in the non inverting input is higher than the reference voltage at the inverting input, output of each op amp goes high and the corresponding LED turns on. If the battery voltage is above 12 volts, all LEDs remain on. Thus, more and more LED's are lighted up as the input voltage rises. More LED's may be added by adding more op-amps connected in a similar manner. Voltage level Above 12 V 9V-12 V 6 V-9V 3V-6V Below 3 V LED indication All LEDs turn on I,II&III level LEDs turn on I&II- level LEDs turn on I-level LEDs turn on All LEDs turn off

APPLICATIONS:

This is a very useful circuit which when installed in your car gives the voltage of your battery in a LED dot display form.
The main use of the car battery voltmeter is to monitor the life and performance of batteries. It can be mounted on the dashboard that shows the battery condition to easily monitor the electrical system voltage while driving. The battery is full charge if the voltmeter reads 12 V or more while a voltmeter reading of much less than 12 V signifies the battery is either discharged or failing.

You can also use it as a voltmeter in case your digital voltmeter is faulty or damaged.

DRAWBACKS: We can only measure if the voltage is greater than 3,6,9,12V,but not the actual voltage value. Its not calibrated instrument.

DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED: For 3V voltage, LED blinking is too dim to be noticed.

CONCLUSION: IC LM 324 consists of4 op amps in one package, so power supply is common and is shown once (pin 4 and 11). To setup, connect the circuit to battery, adjust R6 so that required voltages are available at the inverting pins (refer description to get the required voltages). Fix the LEDs on the dash board and mark the voltages near to it as shown in circuit diagram. The gadget is now ready. LM324 is referred to as quad device this is because it contains four Op-Amps. So instead of getting four uA741 u can use only one LM324.

RESULT:Thus the LED VOLTMETER CIRCUIT is designed and the battery level is measured.

REFERENCES:
http://www.electronicsforu.com/electronicsforu/circuitarchives/view_article.asp?sno=710&title =LED+Voltmeter&article_type=1&id=643&tt=unhot http://circuit-electronic.blogspot.in/2007/06/led-voltmeter-for-car-battery-by-lm324.html http://circuitdiagramwiring.com/led-voltmeter-for-car-battery-by-lm324/ http://www.circuitstoday.com/car-battery-volt-meter-circuit-using-led