FACULTAD DE MINAS UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE COLOMBIA

TERMODINAMICA DE MATERIALES Taller primera Ley de la Termodinmica Gases Ideales 1. Qu ocurre con la densidad de una cantidad fija de un gas ideal cuando: i. Se aumenta la temperatura a una presin dada? ii. Se aumenta la temperatura a un volumen fijo? 2. Circula propano, C3H8, a 120 oC y 2.3 bar a travs de un medidor de flujo que registra una lectura de 250 litros/min. Cul es el flujo msico del gas? 3*. 100 g/hr de C2H4 fluyen a travs de una tubera con una presin de 1.2 atm y 70 oF, mientras que 100 g/hr de C4H8 fluyen por una segunda tubera con una presin de 1.2 atm y una temperatura de 70 oF. Cul de las dos corrientes posee el mayor flujo volumtrico?. Cunto mayor es? 4. Una mezcla de gases ideales, a P = 10 atm, contiene 50% en peso de H2 y 50% en peso de N2. La presin parcial de H2 resulta menor, igual o mayor a 5 atm?. Justifique. 5. Se requiere almacenar 1500 kg de gas propano, C3H8, en un recipiente rgido a 25 C y 2 bar. Cul debe ser el volumen del recipiente, en m3 ?. Por qu cree usted que le preguntan por el volumen del recipiente y no por el volumen del gas (sistema)?. Discuta 6*. Un tanque contiene 25 kg de bixido de carbono, CO2, a 5 bar y 30 C. Se presenta una fuga en el tanque que no se detecta hasta que la presin ha cado a 3.4 bar. Si la temperatura del gas en el momento en que se detect la fuga era 20 C, hallar la masa de CO2 que se ha fugado. 7*. Se agrega una mezcla de aire y vapor de agua a un recipiente que contiene un agente secante slido. Inmediatamente despus, la presin en el recipiente es 760 mmHg. Luego de algunas horas, la presin alcanza un valor constante de 745 mmHg. i. Calcular la composicin de la mezcla original, expresada en porcentaje molar. ii. Si el experimento se realiza a 20 C y el agente secante aumenta su peso en 0.15 g, cul es el volumen del frasco?. 1

Primera Ley de la Termodinmica En todos los problemas justifique sus clculos, afirmaciones, suposiciones y utilizacin de las distintas ecuaciones. 1. Argumente por qu un proceso isotrmico con un sistema cualquiera no puede ser adiabtico y viceversa. (salvo el proceso de expansin libre de un gas ideal) Argumente desde una perspectiva de la primera ley. 2. En una investigacin sobre las propiedades del Manganeso, Mn, fueron encontrados los siguientes valores para los cambios de entalpa:

H700 H298 = 2.895 kcal / mol H1000 H298 = 5.450 kcal / mol
Encontrar una ecuacin general para HT H298 y para C P,Mn como funcin de la temperatura. La funcin para el C P,Mn debe ser de la forma: a + bT. Asuma que no hay transformacin de la estructura cristalina del Manganeso en el intervalo de temperaturas establecido. 3. En un termo, recipiente aislado trmicamente, se mezclan 5000 g de hielo, H2O(sl) a - 4C, con 1000 g de agua lquida, H2O(lq.) a 18C. Si las capacidades calorficas especficas a presin constante, del hielo y el agua lquida son respectivamente 0.5 cal/gdo.g y 1.0 cal/gdo.g y el calor requerido para fundir un mol de hielo a 0C y 1 atm es 1440 cal. i- Cul es la temperatura final de equilibrio de la "mezcla" resultante? ii- Cul es la entropa generada por irreversibilidad? 4. Cuando funde un mol de hielo a 0C y a presin constante igual a 1 atm, el sistema absorbe 1440 kcal. A 0C, los volmenes molares del hielo y del agua lquida son 0,0196 lt/mol y 0,018 lt/mol, respectivamente. Calcular W, U, Q y H. 8. Un mol de gas ideal, supuesto por simplicidad de CP = 38J/mol.K y constante, inicialmente a t1=25C y P1=1 bar, se calienta y comprime hasta un estado final t2 = 300C y P2 = 10 bar, por dos caminos diferentes: a) isotrmico hasta 10 bar, seguido por isobrico hasta 300C; b) isobrico hasta 300C, seguido por isotrmico hasta 10 bar. Calcular el calor, trabajo y los cambios en energa interna y entalpa asociados con el proceso.
o o

Thermodynamics An Engineering Approach. Cengel 4.5. A pistoncylinder device initially contains 0.07 m3 of nitrogen gas at 130 kPa and 120C. The nitrogen is now expanded polytropically to a state of 100 kPa and 100C. Determine the boundary work done during this process

4.6. A pistoncylinder device with a set of stops initially contains 0.3 kg of steam at 1.0 MPa and 400C. The location of the stops corresponds to 60 percent of the initial volume. Now the steam is cooled. Determine the compression work if the final state is (a) 1.0 MPa and 250C and (b) 500 kPa. (c) Also determine the temperature at the final state in part (b).

4.12. A mass of 2.4 kg of air at 150 kPa and 12C is contained in a gas-tight, frictionless pistoncylinder device. The air is now compressed to a final pressure of 600 kPa. During the process, heat is transferred from the air such that the temperature inside the cylinder remains constant. Calculate the work input during this process. Answer: 272 kJ

4.14. A gas is compressed from an initial volume of 0.42 m3 to a final volume of 0.12 m3. During the quasi-equilibrium process, the pressure changes with volume according to the relation P = aV + b, where a = -1200 kPa/m3 and b = 600 kPa. Calculate the work done during this process (a) by plotting the process on a P-V diagram and finding the area under the process curve and (b) by performing the necessary integrations

4.19. The equation of state of a gas is given as (P +10/ 2) = RuT, where the units of and P are m3/kmol and kPa, respectively. Now 0.5 kmol of this gas is expanded in a quasi-equilibrium manner from 2 to 4 m3 at a constant temperature of 300 K. Determine (a) the unit of the quantity 10 in the equation and (b) the work done during this isothermal expansion process.

4.51. Determine the enthalpy change h of nitrogen, in kJ/kg, as it is heated from 600 to 1000 K, using (a) the empirical specific heat equation as a function of temperature

(b) the cp value at the average temperature

Answers: (b) 447.8 kJ/kg, (b) 448.4 kJ/kg 4.53. Determine the internal energy change u of hydrogen, in kJ/kg, as it is heated from 200 to 800 K, using (a) the empirical specific heat equation as a function of temperature

(b) the cv value at the average temperature

4.67. A pistoncylinder device contains 0.8 kg of nitrogen initially at 100 kPa and 27C. The nitrogen is now compressed slowly in a polytropic process during which PV1.3 = constant until the volume is reduced by one-half. Determine the work done and the heat transfer for this process. 4.72. A pistoncylinder device, whose piston is resting on a set of stops, initially contains 3 kg of air at 200 kPa and 27C. The mass of the piston is such that a pressure of 400 kPa is required to move it. Heat is now transferred to the air until its volume doubles. Determine the work done by the air and the total heat transferred to the air during this process. Also show the process on a P-v diagram. Answers: 516 kJ, 2674 kJ.

Thermodynamics in Mineral Sciences - L.Cemic 3.1. Consider a fayalite single crystal with a mass of 10.189 g. At standard P,T conditions, its molar volume equals 46.31 cm3mol-1. Calculate the work that is performed by the mineral when it is heated to 800C at constant pressure of 0.1 MPa. Calculate the work that is associated with the pressure increase to 2.5 GPa at 800C. = 3.045 K-1, = 8.64 x 10-12 Pa-1.

3.3. Calculate the heat that is released to the surroundings when, at constant pressure, the temperature of 5x103 kg diopside, CaMgSi2O6, is decreased from 1000 ton 25C. The molar mass of diopside is 216.550 g

3.5.

Calculate the change in the enthalpy associated with the following reaction: forsterite + sillimanite cordierite + spinel

in the case that it takes place at constant pressure of 0.1 MPa and at temperatures 298 K and 1073 K, respectively.

3.6. If anorthite undergoes a reaction with H2O to give zoisite , kyanite and quartz at 0.1 MPa and 800C a heat of 67.432 kJ is released to the surroundings. Under the same conditions the reaction anorthite + grossular + H2O zoisite + quartz produces a heat of 113.124 kJ. Use the Hess's law and calculate the change in the enthalpy associated with the reaction: anorhtite grossular + kyanite + quartz. Calculate the enthalpy of reaction at 0.1 MPa and 298 K.

Fisicoquimica de Castellan 7.35. From the data in Table A-V compute the values of ilHz98 for the following reactions:

7.36. Assuming the gases are ideal, calculate U298 for each of the reactions in Problem 7.35 7.38 For the following reactions at 25 C

7.41. From the data at 25 C :

7.42. From the data at 25 C :

a) Compute the Ho at 25 C for the reaction

b) Assuming that the gases are ideal, calculate UO for this reaction. (The negative of this quantity, + 933 kJ/mol, is the cohesive energy of the crystal.)

7.43. At 25 C, the following enthalpies of formation are given :

For the reactions at 25 C :

Calculate the heat of formation of H2S(g) and of FeS2(s).

7.44. At 25 C :

For the reaction :

Calculate Hf of FeS2(s) at 300 C.

7.47. For the reaction :

The values of Cp/(J/K mol) are : graphite, 8.53 ; H2O(g), 33.58 ; CO(g), 29. 12 ; and H2(g), 28.82. Calculate the value of H at 125 C. 7.48. From the data in Tables A-V and 7.1 calculate the for the reaction

7.51. From data:

Calculate H391.4 for the reaction :

7.52. Given the data at 25 C :

F or the reaction :

a) Calculate H for this reaction at 135.8 C, the boiling point of TiCI4 . b) Calculate Hf for TiCl4(l) at 25 C

10