QUESTION 1

a) In your own words explain the types of numbers that make up the real numbers
set. Include examples to illustrate. Do not use examples from the module.
The Real Numbers set
The ordered nature of the real numbers lets us arrange them along a line (number line). The
points are ordered so that points to the right are greater than points to the left:

- Every real number corresponds to a distance on the number line, starting at the center
(zero).
- Negative numbers represent distances to the left of zero, and positive numbers are
distances to the right.
- The arrows on the end indicate that it keeps going forever in both directions.
The real number set, R is made up of all rational and irrational numbers. This means R consists
all points on the number line or all possible distances on the number line. The following diagram
illustrates the relationships of the sets that make up the real numbers.
Rational Numbers
All numbers of the form , where a and b are integers (but b cannot be zero)
Rational numbers include what we usually call fractions. All integers can also be thought of as
rational numbers, with a denominator of 1 :


Example:

Rational (terminates)

Rational (repeats)
This means that all the previous sets of numbers (natural numbers, whole numbers, and integers)
are subsets of the rational numbers.
Irrational Numbers
There are numbers that cannot be expressed as a fraction, and these numbers are called
irrational because they are not rational. There are also cannot be expressed as a ratio of integers.
Examples: = 3.141592
= 1.414213
Integers
Whole numbers plus negatives
. . . 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, . . .
b) Evaluate and write your answers in standard form.
i. 1.7 x 10
8
3.8 x 10
6

Answer: 1.7 x 10
8
3.8 x 10
6
= 170 x 10
6
3.8 x 10
6

= (170 3.8) x 10
6

= 166.2 x 10
6

= 1.662 x 10
8


ii. (7.7 x 10
-6
) (3.25 x 10
-8
)
Answer: (7.7 x 10
-6
) (3.25 x 10
-8
) =

=


x

= 2.369 x

= 2.369 x 10
-6-(-8)

= 2.369 x 10
-6+8

= 2.369 x 10
2



a) i. Use the real number line to represent the following set of numbers:
{x| - 1.75 x < 4.25}

ii. Give the interval notation for the above set of numbers.
Answer: [1.75, 4.25)





b) Consider the following list of real numbers
( )
5
3
81 , ( 5 3)( 5 3) + ,
5
sin
6
t
, 2
t
,
41
3
, 0.00001,
5
sin
13
t

Hence, state all
i. the rational numbers = ( )
5
3
81
,
41
3

ii. the irrational numbers =( 5 3)( 5 3) +
,
5
sin
6
t
,
2
t
,
5
sin
13
t

iii. the natural numbers = 0.00001

QUESTION 2
a) In your own words define each of the following terms. Include the description and
proper notation used to denote each and provide appropriate examples.
i. Set = A set is a group or collection of objects or numbers, considered as an
entity unto itself. Each member of a set is called an element. When
listing the elements contained within a set, set brackets, { }, are used to
enclose the elements belonging to a set.
NOTATION: The curly brackets { } are sometimes called "set brackets" or "braces".
EXAMPLE: The set of prime numbers from 1 to 20 is written as {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19}.
ii. Null set
The null set also called the empty set, is the set that does not contain anything. There is only one
null set. This is because there is logically only one way that a set can contain nothing. The
intersection of two disjoint sets (two sets that contain no elements in common) is the null set.
NOTATION: It is symbolized or { }.
EXAMPLE: {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, ...} {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, ...} =

iii. Subset
A subset is a portion of a set. If we take pieces of that set, we can form what is called a subset.
So for example, Suppose A= {1, 2, 3} and B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}. Then A is a subset of B, since
everything in A is also in B. This is written as:



b) Write the following using proper set notation
i. Set P consists of all odd numbers between -6 and 12.
Answer:
Set of odd numbers: {-9, -5, -3, -1, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, }

ii. Set Q consists of all letters in the words MODULE, EXAMINATION,
and DATE.
Answer:
Set Q : {M,O,D,U,L,E,X,A,I,N,T}

c) Let U be the set of all numbers from 1 to 20.
Given set A = {1, 3, 6, 7, 11, 14, 15, 18} and
set B be {2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 17, 19}.
Draw a Venn diagram to illustrate each of the following and list the elements for
each:
i. A B
ii. A UB
iii. B B A ' ) (


Answer: let U = {1, 2, 3, ..., 17, 18, 19, 20}
A = {1, 3, 6, 7, 11, 14, 15, 18}
B = {2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 17, 19}.
A B = {3, 7, 11,}
A U B = {1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20}

i. B A








ii. B A






A B
1 20
16
6 14
9
4 15 18
8

8
20 9
2 5
10 12
13 19
17
3
7
11
A B
8


4 9

20 16
B
16 8


1 6
14
15 18
2 5
10 12
13 19
17
3
7
11

iii. B B A ' ) (




B




b) Let U be the set of all letters of the alphabet.
Given set P = {a, b, k, m, x, p}, set Q = {h, l, i, n, q, b, k, r, o}, set R = {a, t, m, u, b, s,
x}, and set S = {b, r, c, w, e, g, n, i, h, v, q, z}.
i. Find )) ( ( S Q P n
ii. Find ) ( R Q n
iii. Find ) ) (( R P Q n
iv. List the elements of the set S R Q ) (
v. List the elements of the set ) ( ' S R Q


Answer: i. (Q = { r, n, i, h, q }
(P = {a, b, k, m, x, p} { r, n, i, h, q }
= {a, b, k, m, x, p, r, n, i, h, q }

)) ( ( S Q P n = 11

A B


2 5
10 12
13 19
17
1 6
14 15
18
3
7
11

4



20

8


9

16
ii. = {b}
) ( R Q n = 1

iii. = {b, k}
= {b, k} {a, t, m, u, b, s, x}
= {b, k, a, t, m, u, b, s, x}
) ) (( R P Q n = 9

iv.

S R Q ) ( = {b} {b, r, c, w, e, g, n, i, h, v, q, z}.
= {b, r, c, w, e, g, n, i, h, v, q, z}.

v. ) ( S R Q = {h, l, i, n, q, b, k, r, o} {a, t, m, u, b, s, x}
{b, r, c, w, e, g, n, i, h, v, q, z}.
= {h, l, i, n, q, b, k, r, o, a, t, m, u, s, x, c, w, e, g, v, z}.
) ( ' S R Q = {p, d, f, j, y}