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PERCENTAGE
PERCENTAGES
A) Expressing Percentages as the Number of Parts in every 100
1. The symbol for percentage is %. 2. A percentage is a fraction in which the denominator is 100. For example :9 = 9% 100 32 = 32% 100 3. Convercely, percentages can be expressed as fractions. For example :24 = 24% 100 122 = 122% 100 Worked Example Express each of the following as a percentage. (a) 72 100 (b) 102 100 Solution (a) 72 = 72% 100 (b) 102 = 102% 100 Worked Example Convert the following to fraction with 100 as their denominators. (a) 6% Solution (a) 6% = 6 100 (b) 75%
3 200
Worked Example Convert each of the following to a fraction. (a) 0. 6 (b) 1. 02 Solution (a) 0. 6 = 0. 6 x 100% = 60% (b) 1. 02 = 1. 02 x 100% = 102% When converting a percentage to a fraction or a decimal, first change the percentage to a fraction with 100 as its denominator. Worked Example Convert each of the following to a fraction. (a) 140% Solution
Worked Example Convert the following to decimals. (a) 55% (b) 324% Solution (a) 55% = 55 100 = 0.55 (b) 324% = 324 100 = 3. 24
5 1 % of 600,
2
E) Problem Solving
i - Finding the change in value and the final value 1.To find the increase in value, use the formula below :
2. To find the final value, use any one of the formula below :
Worked Example The population of a villlage was 2 000. It has increased by 10% after 5 years. Find the new population of the village. Solution 1. Understand the problem Given information : Number of population = 2 000 Percentage of increase = 10% Find : The new population 2. Devise a plan Find the increase in population, then add to the number of population. 3. Carry out the plan Increase in population = 10% of 2 000
= 200 people Therefore, the new population of the village is 2 200 people. 4. Check
Worked Example A vessel contained 80 liters of water. 30% of water was used. Find (a) the amount of water used, (b) the amount of water left. Solution (a) Amount of water used
= 24 liters 4. Amount of water left = 80 liters - 24 liters = 56 liters ii) Finding the original value when given the percentage change and the final value Worked Example After a 20% decrease in mass, a boy weights 40 kg. Find his mass before the decrease. Solution 1. Understand the problem Given information : Percentage of decrease = 20% Final value = 40 kg Find : The mass before the degrease 2. Devise a plan Use the unitary method. 3. Carry out the plan New mass is 80% of old mass = 40 kg 1% = 40 kg 80
iii) Finding profit and loses 1. A profit occurs when the selling price is higher than the cost price. 2. When the selling price is lower than the cost price, a loss is incurred. 3. Profit and loss can be calculated by using the following formula :
4. Use one of the following formula to find the percentage of profit or percentage of loss.
Worked Example The profit made on the sale of a camera is 12% of the cost price. If the cost price is RM50, find the profit. Solution 1. Understand the problem Given information :
Percentage of profit = 12% Cost price = RM50 Find : The profit 2. Devise a plan Use profit formula. 3. Carry out the plan Profit = Percentage of profit x Cost price
5. The unitary method can be used to find the cost price. Worked Example Adina sold his bicycle for RM270 at a loss of 40%. Find the cost price of the bicycle. Solution 60% of cost price = RM270 1% = RM270 60
Therefore, the cost price of the bicycle is RM450. Check : Selling price = 60% * RM450
iv) Finding simple interest 1. Simple interest ( I ) is the amount of money earned on savings or to be paid on loans with banks and finance companies at a fixed rate ( R ) over a period of time ( T ), in years. 2. The money deposited or loaned is called the principal ( P ). 3. Simple interest and the rate in percentage a year are calculated as follows :
Worked Example Puan Asniza took a bank loan RM8 000. If the simple interest paid is RM1 280 for 2 years, calculate the simple interest rate. Solution 1. Understand the problem Given information : Principal = RM8 000 Simple interest = RM1 280 Time = 2 years Find : The simple interest rate 2. Devise a plan Use simple interest rate formula. 3. Carry out the plan Simple interest rate = Simple interest x 100% Principal x Time
Worked Example Jacky put his money in a bank to earn a simple interest at a rate of
81% a year.
2 How much money did he put in if he gets an interest of RM765 in 3 years ? Solution Simple interest for 1 year
v) Finding dividends 1. Dividend is a part of the profit that a company gives to its shareholders. 2. Dividend and percentage of dividend can be calculate by using the formulae:
Worked Example A company pays 6% dividend. Find the dividend Chong receives for a RM7 000 investment. Solution 1. Understand the problem Given information : Percentage of dividend = 6% Amount invested = RM7 000 Find : The dividend 2. Devise a plan Use dividend formulae. 3. Carry out the plan Dividend Amount = Percentage of dividend x invested
Worked Example Kasim receives a dividend of RM5 500 on his investment of RM50 000 in a company. Find the percentage of dividend declared by the company. Solution Percentage of dividend = Dividend __ x 100% Amount invested
Therefore, the company gives a dividend of 11%. vi) Calculating commissions 1. A commission is an earning paid to an agent on his total sales of a product. 2. Commission and the percentage of commission can be calculated by using the formilae :
Worked Example As a salesman, Dewi gets a commission of 5% on the sale value of a jewellery sold at price of RM6 000. What is the commission she gets ?
Solution 1. Understand the problem Given information : Percentage of commission = 5% Total sales value RM6 000 Find : The commission 2. Devise a plan Use commission formulae. 3. Carry out the plan Commission = Percentage of x Total sales commission value
Worked Example Ah Wah received RM7 360 as commission for a RM92 000 house he sold. What is the percentage of his commission ? Solution Percentage of commission = Commission x 100% Total sales value
vii) Calculating discount 1. Discount is the amount taken off from the list price or the original price. Discount = Original price - Selling price 2. The formulae for calculating discount and the percentage of discount are as follows :
Worked Example The original price of a television set is RM2 000. It is sold for RM1 700 after a discount. Find the percentage of discount given. Solution 1. Understand the problem Given information : Original price = RM2 000 Selling price = RM1 700 Find : The persentage of discount 2. Devise a plan Find the discount, then use percentage of discount formulae. 3. Carry out the plan Discount = Original price - Selling price = RM2 000 - RM1 700 = RM300 percentage of discount = Discount x 100% Original price
Worked Example Find the original price of a book if it is sold for RM48 after a 40% discount. Solution
Therefore, the original price of the book is RM80. Worked Example The original price of a handbag is RM245. If a discount of 20% is given at a sale, find the discount given in RM. Solution Discount = Percentage of discount x Original price