Cell Parts and Functions Table Cell Organelle Nucleus Nuclear Envelope (Membrane) Cytoplasm Golgi Body (Apparatus)

Cell Function Directs all cell activities "Brain or Control Center of cell" Controls what passes in and out of the nucleus Jelly-like substance found inside cell that acts as a medium for chemical reactions within the cell Packages the proteins made by the ribosomes so they can be sent out of the cell. The UPS store of the cell "powerhouse of the cell" breaks down sugar molecules to release energy, site of cellular respiration, double membrane, self-replicating, contains own DNA, cristae "Storage tanks" Can hold food, water or waste for the cell Makes proteins for the cell, can be found attached to the endoplasmic reticulum or free in the cytoplasm Transportation network for the cell, moves materials around in the cell Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)endoplasmic reticulum that has ribosomes attached. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)- does not have ribosomes attached

Mitochondrion

Vacuole Ribosome

Lysosome Nucleolus

"Stomach of the cell" Helps the cell digest food, waste and worn out cell parts Produces ribosomes and rRNA( stuff ribosomes are made of)

"Gatekeeper" Separates the cell from the rest of the environment Cell Membrane and helps control what passes in and (plasma membrane) out of the cell. Semi-permeable: allows some materials to pass through but not all Chloroplast A special plastid that contains chlorophyll a pigment that captures the sun's energy to produce glucose in a process called photosynthesis Rigid outer layer made of cellulose that supports and protects the cell (plant, fungi, and bacterial cells) Stores and Transports substances from the Golgi Body to the cell membrane for export. "The UPS truck of the cell" gives support and shape to the cell, made of proteins Organizes special parts of the cytoskeleton called microtubules for cell division, migrates to opposite ends (poles) of the cell to assist with cell division

Cell Wall

Vesicle

Cytoskeleton

Centriole

Cell theory -some organisms are unicellular only one cell -some organisms are multicellular countless cell *the life of even the most complicated multicellular organism still starts from a cell a fertilized egg or so-called zygote. Zygote divides into two , and each newly formed cell subdivides. Cell theory - Further divisions of cells occur continuously until a multitude of cells organize into tissues, tissues into organs, and organs into organ systems of a multicellular organism. - The complex life processes which occur in each organ system are the same life-sustaining reactions which the single cell of a unicellular organism performs. 1. All living things are structurally made up of cells. 2. The cell is the fundamental unit of life. 3. Cells come from the division of pre-existing cells.

Biologists: 1. Robert Hooke Englishman ; coined the term cell and was responsible for the beginnings of cytology as a subdiscipline in biology. 2. Anton Van Leeuwenhoek Dutch naturalist ; discovered bacteria and other microscopic organisms in rainwater and studied the structure of plant and animal cells. 3. Francesco Redi & Lazzaro Spallanzani Italian physician and biologist respectively ; disproved the Theory of Spontaneous Generation. 4. Robert Brown Scottish botanist ; discovered the presence of nuclei within cells.

5. Felix Dujardin a French man ; noted that all living things contain a thick jelly fluid which he called sarcode that time. 6. Matthias SChleiden & Theodor Schwann German botanist and zoologist respectively ; introduced the concept that all plants and animals are made up of cells. 7. Johannes Purkinje Czechoslovakian ; coined the terms protoplasm to refer to the living matter of the cell. 8. Rudolf Virchow German physician ; found that cells divide to form new cells. He concluded that omnis cellula e cellula or cells come from pre-existing cells. 9. Louis Pasteur French chemist ; supplied the proof for Virchows Theory of Biogenesis.

Cell Structure and Composition - Cell vary in their sizes and shapes according to the functions which they perform. - Microscopic studies show that a cell has three fundamental parts: Cytoplasm main metabolic activities take place Cell membrane protectively surrounds the cytoplasm Nucleus genetic material is located. = prokaryotic cell lacks nuclear membrane = incipient = ancestors of eukaryotes

= eukaryotic cell has so-called true nucleus

CYTOPLASM Purkinje coined the term protoplasm.