TABLE OF CONTENT

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AKNOWLEDGEMENT TABLE OF CONTENT LIST OF FIGURE LIST OF TABLE LIST OF ABBREVIATION

i iv v xvi xxii xxv

CHAPTER

CONTENT

PAGE

PART A: DEMARCATION

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 1.2 Introduction Project Background 1.2.1 Introduction 1.2.2 Aim 1.2.3 Objectives 1.2.4 Scope of Work 1.2.5 Study Area 1 1 1 2 2 2 3

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 2.2 Introduction Cadastral Surveying v 4 4

2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.10

Reconnaissance and Planning Datum Traverse Traverse Adjustment and Fieldwork Accuracy Solar Observation Linear Misclosure Baseline Third Mark

5 5 6 7 8 8 9 10

CHAPTER 3 INSTRUMENTS 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12 Introduction Total Station Tripod Prism Chop Mini Prism Pole Hammer Nail and Pegs Sunglass Knife Spray and Tape 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16

vi

CHAPTER 4 METHODOLOGY 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 Introduction Working Process Reconnaissance Datum Proven Solar Observation Procedures Traversing and Offset Procedures Refixation Procedures 17 17 18 19 20 21 21

CHAPTER 5 RESULT AND ANALYSIS

5.1 5.2

Introduction Result 5.2.1 5.2.2 5.2.3 5.2.4 5.2.5 DFT and Control Survey Close Bearing Coordinates of Control Survey Linear Misclosure First Baseline Calculation 5.2.5.1 New 5.2.5.2 PO 5.2.5.3 Third Mark 5.2.5.4 Adjusted Bearing 5.2.5.5 Adjusted Distance 5.2.5.6 Offset Calculation 5.2.6 Second Baseline Calculation 5.2.5.1 New vii

25

25 28 28 29 30 30 32 34 35 36 37 38 39

5.2.5.2 PO 5.2.5.3 Third Mark 5.2.5.4 Adjusted Bearing 5.2.5.5 Adjusted Distance 5.2.5.6 Offset Calculation 5.3 Analysis 5.3.1 5.3.2 5.3.3 DFT Solar Observation and m correction Traverse 5.3.3.1 Angular Misclosure and c Correction 5.3.3.2 Linear Misclosure 5.3.4 Refixation 5.3.4.1 Baseline and Third Mark 5.3.4.2 PO Adjustment and Offset

41 43 44 45 46

47 47 48 48 48 49 49 49

CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSIONS

6.1 6.2

Introduction Conclusion

50 50

viii

PART B: AMALGAMATION

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 1.2 Introduction Project background 1.2.1 1.2.2 1.2.3 1.2.4 1.2.5 1.2.6 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 Introduction Cadastral Surveying Reconnaissance Differential Field Test Datum Traverse Solar Observation Correction Connection Line ix 55 55 55 56 56 57 58 59 59 Introduction Aim Objectives Scope of Work Data Sources Study Area 51 51 51 52 52 53 53 54

2.10 2.11

Check Angle Refixation 2.11.1 Basic Principle 2.11.2 Encroachment / Limitation 2.11.3 Factors 2.11.4 Criteria 2.11.5 Procedure

59 59 60 60 60 61 61 61 61 62 62 62 62

2.12

Baseline 2.12.1 Purpose 2.12.2 Characteristics

2.13

Third Mark 2.13.1 Purpose 2.13.2 Characteristics

CHAPTER 3 INSTRUMENTS 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 Introduction Total Station Prism Tripod Hammer Pegs and Nail Tape Sunglass Pole Mini Prism x 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67

3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14

Bush Knife Spray and Caution Tape Chop Cement

68 68 69 69

CHAPTER 4 METHODOLOGY 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 Introduction Reconnaissance Datum Proven Solar Observation Procedures Traversing Procedures Refixation 4.6.1 4.6.2 Offset Less Than 1m Offset More Than 1m 70 71 71 72 73 74 74 75

CHAPTER 5 RESULT AND ANALYSIS

5.1 5.2

Introduction Result 5.2.1 5.2.2 5.2.3 5.2.4 5.2.5 Differential Field Test Datum Proven Solar Observation Traverse Refixation 5.2.5.1 Baseline 5.2.5.2 Third Mark xi

76 76 76 77 78 81 86 87 95

5.2.5.3 PO Adjustment 5.2.5.4 Offset 5.2.6 5.2.7 5.2.8 5.3 Short Line Computation Sheet Certified Plan

100 103 104 105 105 106 106 106 107 107 107 108 108 108 108

Analysis 5.3.1 5.3.2 5.3.3 Differential Field Test Solar Observation and m correction Traverse 5.3.3.1 Angular Misclosure and c correction 5.3.3.2 Linear Misclosure 5.3.4 Refixation 5.3.4.1 Baseline and Third Mark 5.3.4.2 PO Adjustment and Offset 5.3.4 Short Distance

CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSIONS

6.1 6.2

Introduction Conclusion

109 109

xii

PART C: STRATA

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Project background 1.2.1 1.2.2 1.2.3 1.2.4 1.2.5 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Introduction xiii 113 Introduction Aim Objectives Scope of Work Study Area 110 110 110 111 111 111 112

2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13

Strata Title Reconnaissance Traverse Correction Offset Observation Numbering Numbering of Parcel Numbering of Accessory Parcel Numbering of Land Parcels Strata Plan Share Unit Booking

113 113 114 114 115 116 116 117 117 118 119 119

CHAPTER 3 INSTRUMENTS 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 Introduction Total Station Tripod Prism Distometer Mini Prism Pole Hammer Nail and Peg 120 120 121 121 122 122 123 123 124

CHAPTER 4 METHODOLOGY xiv

4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10

Introduction Working Process Reconnaissance Traversing Topography Detailing Measuring Building Strata Plan Certified Plan Determining Share Unit Field Book

125 125 126 126 127 128 130 131 131 133

CHAPTER 5 RESULT AND ANALYSIS

5.1 5.2

Introduction Result 5.2.1 5.2.2 5.2.3 5.2.4 First Control Survey Linear Misclosure Second Control Survey Linear Misclosure

134

134 136 137 137 138 141

5.3

Share Unit Calculation 5.3.1 Share Unit Table

CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSIONS xv

6.1 6.2

Introduction Conclusion

149 149

GROUP LEADER COMMENT INDIVIDUAL COMMENT REFERENCE APPENDIX

LIST OF FIGURE

PART A: DEMARCATION

Figure 1.1: The location of study area from the air view Figure 1.2: The location of the lot area Figure 2.1: Linear Misclosure Figure 3.1: Total Station Figure 3.2: Tripod Figure 3.3: Prism Figure 3.4: Chop Figure 3.5: Mini Prism xvi

3 3 8 10 11 11 12 12

Figure 3.6: Pole Figure 3.7: Hammer Figure 3.8: Nails and pegs Figure 3.9: Sunglass Figure 3.10: knife Figure 3.11: Spray and Tape Figure 4.1: Working process of this project Figure 4.2: Lot to be surveyed given in the plan Figure 4.3: Datum Line Proven with Sun Observation Figure 4.4: Solar observation procedure Figure 4.5: Face left of solar position in eyepiece Figure 4.6: Face left of solar position in eyepiece Figure 4.7: Traverse network Figure 4.8: Refixation at station A Figure 4.9: Refixation at station B Figure 4.10: Refixation at station C Figure 4.11: Refixation at station D Figure 5.1: Proposed Baseline in New Traverse Figure 5.2: Proposed Baseline in PO Traverse Figure 5.3: Third Mark (New) Figure 5.4: Third Mark (PO) Figure 5.5: Proposed Baseline in New Traverse

13 13 14 14 15 15 16 17 18 18 19 19 20 21 21 22 23 29 31 33 33 38

xvii

Figure 5.6: Proposed Baseline in PO Traverse Figure 5.7: Third Mark (New) Figure 5.8: Third Mark (PO)

40 42 42

PART B: AMALGAMATION

Figure 1.1: Three lots under three separate titles own by single owner Figure 1.2: Amalgamated into one lot under single title by the same owner Figure 1.3: Old Certified Plans Figure 1.4: Titi Hayun at Yan Kedah Figure 2.1: Diagram of Differential Field Test Figure 2.2: Diagram of Open Traverse Figure 2.3:Diagram of Polygon Traverse Figure 2.4: Diagram of link traverse Figure 3.1: Total Station Figure 3.2: Prism xviii

50 50 52 53 55 56 56 57 62 63

Figure 3.3: Tripod Figure 3.4: Hammer Figure 3.5: Pegs and Nails Figure 3.6: Tape Figure 3.7: Sunglass Figure 3.8: Pole Figure 3.9: Mini Prism Figure 3.10: Bush Knife Figure 3.11: Spray and Caution Tape Figure 3.12: Chop Figure 3.13: Cement Figure 4.1: Working process of this project Figure 4.2: Datum

63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 70

Figure 4.3: Solar observation procedure Figure 4.4: Face left of solar position in eyepiece Figure 4.5: Face left of solar position in eyepiece Figure 4.6: Traverse Network Figure 4.7: Offset less than 1m Figure 4.8: Offset more than 1m Figure 5.1: Differential Field Test Figure 5.2: Datum Figure 5.3: Form 1 of Solar Observation xix

71 71 72 72 73 74 75 76 77

Figure 5.4: Form 2 of Solar Observation Data Figure 5.5: Form 3 of Solar Observation Data Figure 5.6: Traverse Loop Figure 5.7: Baseline 1 (New) Figure 5.8: Baseline 1 of PO Figure 5.9: Baseline 2 of (New) Figure 5.10: Baseline 2 (PO) Figure 5.11: Third Mark (New) Figure 5.12: Third Mark (Po) Figure 5.13: Traverse Line (Yellow) And PO Adjusted Line (Green) Figure 5.14: Offset Line (Black), Traverse Line (Blue) and PO Adjusted Line (Green) Figure 5.15: Short Distance in Traverse Line

78 79 84 87 89 91 93 95 97 101

103 103

xx

PART C: STRATA

Figure 1.1: The location of study area from the air view Figure 1.2: Intan College Figure 3.1: Total Station Figure 3.2: Tripod Figure 3.3: Prism Figure 3.4: Distometer Figure 3.5: Mini Prism Figure 3.6: Pole Figure 3.7: Hammer Figure 3.8: Nails and pegs Figure 4.1: Working process of this project xxi

111 111 119 120 120 121 121 122 122 123 124

Figure 4.2: Traverse network Figure 4.3: Topography details in UiTM Pulau Pinang Figure 4.4: Offset Building Observation Figure 4.5: Running Offset Observation

125 126 127 128

LIST OF TABLE PART A: DEMARCATION

Table 5.1: Result of Control Survey Table 5.2: Result of Coordinates for Control Survey Table 5.3: Calculation for Baseline of New Traverse Table 5.4: Calculation for Baseline of PO Traverse Table 5.5: PO Adjusted (Bearing) Table 5.6: PO Adjusted (Distance) Table 5.7: Offset 3- A Table 5.7: Offset 8- B Table 5.7: Offset 3- D Table 5.8: Calculation for Baseline of New Traverse xxii

26 27 30 32 34 35 36 37 37 38

Table 5.9: Calculation for Baseline of PO Traverse

Table 5.10: PO Adjusted (Bearing) Table 5.11: PO Adjusted (Distance) Table 5.12: Offset 8 C

41
43 44 45

PART B: AMALGAMATION

Table 5.1: Traverse Data Table 5.2: Baseline 1 (NEW) Table 5.3: Baseline 1 (PO) Table 5.4: Baseline 2 (NEW) Table 5.5: Baseline 2 (PO) Table 5.6: Baseline New and PO from Autocad Table 5.7: Third Mark (NEW) Table 5.8: Third Mark (PO) Table 5.9: Third Mark NEW and PO Based On Auto CAD Table 5.10: PO Adjustment

80 86 88 90 92 93 94 96 97 100

xxiii

Table 5.11: Offset Table 5.12: Short Distance in Traverse Line

102 103

PART C: STRATA

Table 5.1: First Control Survey Result Table 5.2: Second Control Survey Result Table 5.3 show the share unit for each parcel in College Intan

134

136 140

xxiv

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

BL BKL DMS PKT UiTM

Batu Lama Batu Konkrit Lama Degree Minutes Second Piket Universiti Teknologi Mara

xxv

Table 5.12: Offset 8- C

45

xxvi

27