CHEMISTRY LAB REPORT PRACTICAL 10 INTRODUCTION The s-block of the periodic table contains the most reactive and

in chemical terms, the most typically metallic elements. All the elements in group I are highly reactive, but those in group II are slightly less. In this practical you will study some of the properties of the group I elements and their compounds. We will concentrate on the three elements lithium, sodium and potassium. DATA COLLECTION Experiment 1: Reactivity with water. Element Lithium Observation Move slowly on the surface of the water. Emitted a negligible amount of white smoke The reaction produced a colourless solution. Move moderately on the surface of the water with hiss sound. It burnt with yellow in colour. Emitted white smoke The reaction produced colourless solution Move enthusiastically on the surface of the water with hiss and pop sound It burnt with red in colour in colour. Emitted large amount of white smoke. The reaction produced colourless solution. pH indicator 10

Sodium

11

Potassium

12

Experiment 2: Reactivity with chlorine. Alkali Metal Lithium Observation Burnt slowly with the red flame Very heavy black soot are produced A white solid is produced Moderate time to burn out with the yellow flame Heavy black soot are produced A white solid is produced Take short time to burn out with purple flame White and black soot are produced

Sodium Potassium

CHEMISTRY LAB REPORT PRACTICAL 10 A white solid is produced

CHEMISTRY LAB REPORT PRACTICAL 10

Experiment 3: Reactivity with oxygen Element Lithium Sodium Potassium Observation Burn slowly with the red flame Emitted white smoke and the element changed its colour from grey to white in colour eventually. When the white solid is mixed up with water, its produced colourless solution. Burnt moderately with the yellow flame. Emitted small amount of white smoke and the element changed its colour from white to black in colour. When the white solid is mixed up with water, its produced colourless solution. Burnt robustly until the element become slightly red flame in colour Emitted big amount of white smoke and the element changed from white to black colour When the white solid is mixed up with water, its produced colourless solution. pH indicator

11

14

Experiment 4: Flame tests Metal chloride + HCl Lithium Chloride (LiCl) Sodium Chloride (NaCl) Potassium Chloride (KCl) Observation Change the mix solution to green-yellowish Produced red flame Change the mix solution to yellowish Produced violet flame Change the mix solution to green-yellowish Produced yellow flame

CHEMISTRY LAB REPORT PRACTICAL 10 DATA PROCESSING Experiment 1: Reactivity with water Alkali metals react with water to produce alkali solution and release hydrogen gas to the surroundings. The chemical equations for this experiment are: 2Li(s) + 2H2O(aq) 2Na(s) + 2H2O(aq) 2K(s) + 2H2O(aq) 2LiOH(aq) + H2(g) 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g) 2KOH(aq) + H2(g)

As the reaction happened down the alkali metal group, the reactivity also increases. LiOH, NaOH, and KOH when tested with ph indicator, the pH result obtained were above 7. Therefore it shows alkali characteristic. Experiment 2: Reactivity with chlorine The chemical equations for this experiment are: 2Li(s) + Cl2(g) 2Na(s) + Cl2(g) 2K(s) + Cl2(g) 2LiCl(s) 2NaCl(s) 2KCl(s)

Lithium, Sodium, and Potassium reacted with chlorine gas producing metal chloride. Scientifically in this experiment, the above reaction happened when the alkali metal donor one electron which is located in the outer most orbital to the chlorine atom so that they will achieve the inert noble gas configuration.

CHEMISTRY LAB REPORT PRACTICAL 10 Experiment 3: Reactivity with oxygen The chemical equations for this experiment are: 4Li(s) + O2(g) 4Na(s) + O2(g) 4K(s) + O2(g) 2Li2O(s) 2Na2O(s) 2K2O(s)

Lithium, Sodium, and Potassium react with oxygen to produce metal oxide which is white in colour. According to the observation from the reaction of alkali metal between the oxygen, it can deduce that the reactivity increases as going down the alkali metal group. The metal oxide obtained can be dissolve in water producing metal hydroxide solution. The solutions gave the reading of alkali when tested with pH indicator which is above 7. The chemical equation; Li2O(s) + H2O Na2O(s) + H2O K2O(s) + H2O Experiment 4: Flame test The alkali metal gave the different colour of flame as below; Lithium red Sodium Yellow Potassium Blue Scientifically when the alkali metals are placed in a flame, they give out attribute colours. This happened because the alkali metals ions are reduced to the gaseous metal atoms state. The atoms gained enough energy by the high temperature so that the electron in the valence electron shell can excite to the high energy level. In order to return to its ground state, the electron must lose the energy. So they emitted the energy in the form of visible light. The alkali metals gave out different colours due to the emission at certain wavelength. The wavelength is considered by the exciting state valence electron when its drop from the high energy level subshell to lower energy subshell. 2LiOH(aq) 2NaOH(aq) 2KOH(aq)