Shing-Wa Wong, Luca Valcarenghi, She-Hwa Yen, Divanilson R.

Campelo, Shinji Yamashita, and Leonid Kazovsky Photonics and Networking Research Laboratory, Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA Scuola Superiore SantAnna, Pisa, Italy Network Systems Laboratories, Photonics Lab., Fujitsu Laboratories Ltd., Atsugi, Japan Contact e-mail: luca.valcarenghi@sssup.it

 ONT Sleep Mode: Architecture and Mechanism

Motivation Synchronization and loop timing issues ONT options

ONT Sleep Mode: Protocol and Performance

Sleep mode control protocols Performance evaluations and comparisons

Ongoing Works and Summary

2

ONT-1 Central Office ONT-2 OLT Passive Splitter ONT-N

Idle traffic, but active receivers and service lines

Differential reaches

Opportunities
Distribution network and OLT side: variable power splitter and Tx power suppression ONU side: shedding (Rx/Tx ON), sleep mode (Rx/Tx OFF), dozing mode (Rx ON/Tx OFF) Deep sleep vs. fast sleep: significant saving potentials in deep sleep

Green initiatives
G.Sup45: GPON power conservation IEEE: mainly by vendors initiatives (to the best of our knowledge)

 List of issues
Is it necessary to maintain accurate loop timing during sleep mode? Fast sleep mode vs. fast doze mode Bandwidth allocation: upstream vs. downstream Performance: energy vs. statistical services

Transmitter (OLT)
Burst Enable SNI P D
LDD

L D

Receiver (ONT)

. MUX . .
1/N

TIA

Decision Circuit LIA Clock Recovery

DMUX

UNI PHY

AGC
Frequency Synthesizer

Passive splitter

Key Functional Blocks 1. TX: Automatic Gain Control 2. RX - Mode Switcher and Sleep timer - BM-CDR (Fast sleep only)
Tx/Rx

Sleep/Doze Mode Control 1. Mode Switching 2. Sleep Timer - Self Refresh BM-CDR 3. UNI Monitoring
UNI PHY

Prior works in ONU savings

EPON protocol for sleep mode in IEEE 802.3av study group [Mandin 08] NTT sleep and periodic wakeup (SPW) scheme for 10G-PON in NOC, June 2009 (Globecom 2009)

Our contributions (so far and on the horizon)

ONU/ONT fast sleep/doze mode and trade-offs in GreenComm, Nov. 2009 Current: fast sleep mode testbed and lock-step scheduler

 Current ONU architecture

After being turned off, CDR circuit needs long time to recover OLT clock Deep sleep mode could still be implemented Observation 1: Wakeup time is long using CM-CDR circuit (table 2)
How about using BM-CDR? Would volume drive the cost down?

Observation 2: Digital circuit consumes the majority of the power (table 1)

Focus on conserving energy consumption in the back-end, plus SERDES in the front-end

 Fast sleep mode (option 2) and doze mode (option 3):

Option 2: Relies on BM-CDR and LO to prepare for fast synchronization after wake-up. Save more power but add a premium to ONT(BM-CDR and LO) Option 3: Keeps front-end alive. Simple mode switching and sleep timer are sufficient.

Awake Option 1 Option 2 Option 3

Table 1 Power Consumption Comparison for Sleep Mode Enabled ONU Architectures Analog circuit Total Power Digital circuit LD (APD) TIA LA Consumption BM/CM-CDR DMUX negligible 100mW 100mW 330mW 470mW 2.85W 3.85W off off off off off 750mW 750mW off off off on off 750mW 1.08W on on on on off 750mW 1.28W

 ONT Sleep Mode: Architecture and Mechanism

Motivation Synchronization and loop timing issues ONT options

ONT Sleep Mode: Protocol and Performance

Sleep mode control protocols Performance evaluations and comparisons

Ongoing Works and Summary

8

 Energy consumption is closely related to overhead

EONU = Tactive x Pactive + Tsleep x Psleep and Tactive = Ttraffic + Toverhead

Two types of overheads: clock synchronization and polling. Tsync depends on technology Tpoll depends on choice of protocols First analysis assumes fixed service TDMA scheduling

Table 2 Overhead Comparison for Sleep Mode Enabled ONU Architectures

Architecture Option 1 Option 2 Option 3 continuous mode on/off burst mode on/ off continuous mode on

Synchronization Time 5ms 30-50ns none

Max Poll Time 125s 125s 125s

Total Overhead 5.125ms 125s 125s

 Control Protocol Fast Sleep/Doze Mode

Enter sleep mode
OLT initiate, or ONU initiate, or OLT/ONU negotiation

Sleep mode interruption

OLT cannot interrupt (ONU periodic wakes up) ONU can interrupt when new upstream request arrives

Wakes up from sleep mode

Confirmation and acknowledgement

IEEE/NTT Scheme
Sleep and periodic wakeup (SPW) OLT initiate based on downstream traffic filter ONU goes to sleep after receiving sleep request ONU could interrupt sleep cycle upon new US request Confirmation/REQ/ACK required at the end of cycle

10

 Minimize unnecessary handshake

ONT should never need to interrupt sleep mode
OLT has full knowledge (delayed) of ONT backlog Waking up earlier does not help getting immediate upstream slots, still needs to wait Adds significant overhead/contention possibilities
GTC frame (125 s) Data & DBR PCB issued sleep mode ONT down up RTT=200s OLT down up CB

OLT sends additional DS BW map

Piggyback on current variable size PCB

Lock-step scheduler
Bind downstream traffic slots with allocated upstream slots Pros: no change at all to current protocol; no traffic prediction filter is necessary Cons: performance tradeoffs under highly asymmetric traffic pattern Solution: dynamically adjust slot sizes
Downstream-bind, upstream-bind, maximum slot, optimum slot,, and etc. Data & DBR PCB

11

 Using existing GPON TC frame or EPON MPCP PDU

Synchronization: Psync (GPON; 4B; 125s) and Preamble (EPON; 5B; within a few s) Polling: US/DS BW map (GPON; variable; 125s) and GATE (EPON; 64B; variable)
It is possible to miss the intended synchronization or allocation frame due to clock drift for option-2

At least in GPON, this is not so serious.

Downstream frames are lost but upstream just have to wait for the next cycle.

12

 Sleep time vs. Active time

Tactive = Tdata + Toverhead Significant saving could be achieved if sleep cycle is above a few ms

13

 Sleep time vs. Active time

Tsleep = (N-1) * Tdata - Toverhead Option 3 architecture could offer savings in current 125s GTC frames

14

 ONT Sleep Mode: Architecture and Mechanism

Motivation Synchronization and loop timing issues ONT options

ONT Sleep Mode: Protocol and Performance

Sleep mode control protocols Performance evaluations and comparisons

Ongoing Works and Summary

15

16

Clocksys clock BM-CDR Serout data BERT Rx BERT Tx Burst Mode 1.25 Gbps data Data1 MZ-IM ONU1 Tx Rx Active/Sleep OLT Passive Splitter ONUelse Clocksys Tx Dataelse FPGA FPGA BM-CDR

Serin Preambles Tx Rx Agg. Data

FPGA

Key tests
To demonstrate the feasibility of the sleep mode system architecture and protocol: OLT commands ONU1 to sleep and wake up, expects no collision with data from ONUelse.

17

ONU1 OLT ONUelse

18

 ONT Sleep Mode Mechanisms and Performance Evaluation

ONT sleep/doze mode options Control protocols base on current frames and protocol

Established Works
ONT/ONU sleep mode could potentially save more than 50% energy consumption Novel ONT/ONU architecture is proposed Controls based on existing protocol is analyzed under TDMA traffic

Future Works
Testbed demonstration: Off-the-shelve BM-CDR circuit boards are being procured Circuit simulation: Customized circuit for better performance suitable for ONU Scheduler design: joint upstream-downstream lock-step scheduler to minimize active ONU time slots

19

[IEEE 2008] J. Mandin, EPON Power Saving via Sleep Mode, Sept. 2008. [NTT 2009] R. Kubo, J. Kani, Y. Fujimoto, N. Yoshimoto and K. Kumozaki, Proposal and performance analysis of a power-saving mechanism for 10 Gigabit class passive optical network systems, Network and Optical Communications (NOC) Conference, Universidad de Valladolid, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 8794, Valladolid, Spain, 2009. [GreenComm 2009] S.-W. Wong, L. Valcarenghi, S.-H. Yen, D. Campelo, S. Yamashita, L. Kazovsky, "Sleep Mode for Energy Saving PONs: Advantages and Drawbacks Drawbacks," IEEE 2nd International Workshop on Green Communications (GreenComm), Honolulu, HI, USA (accepted for publication).

20