Division 82000 Building Work Summary Division 82100 Building Concrete Work 82101 Cast In-Situ Concrete 1.

General All items not specifically noted but required for the proper execution of work under this division shall be provided. Unless specifically noted in other divisions and sections of this specification, all miscellaneous items shall be fabricated or erected in accordance with the sections of this division. The contractor shall verify all measurements and shall take all field measurements necessary before fabrication. Items not indicated herein but are shown on plans or drawings and vice-versa or which are necessary for the proper execution of work shall form part of the works. 1.1 Scope Of Work Materials and workmanship shall be in accordance with the requirements of the American Standards for Testing and Materials (ASTM), the American Concrete Institute (ACI318) Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete, the National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP 1992, 4 th Edition), Japanese International Standards or other applicable standards as approved by the engineer. All materials shall be handled, transported and sorted in a manner that will prevent deterioration of their properties or intrusion of foreign matter. Materials shall be replaced with the new material or repaired it in an approved manner by and at the expense of the contractor. 1.2 Ready-Mix Concrete Suppliers The ready mix concrete suppliers that will be tasked to provide the ready-mix concrete requirements of the project shall be capable of doing so using quality materials, ample equipment, experience, expertise and personnel. The choice of ready-mix suppliers shall be as accepted by the engineer. 1.3 Shop Drawings The contractor shall prepare and submit to the engineer, prior to the start of the work, a set of shop drawings. Shop drawings shall indicate clearly the following: all working and setting-out dimensions of RC structures, amount and arrangement of reinforcements, location of splices, cut-off lengths, bends and necessary details including complete information for completing the works and the strengths of materials to be used. The engineer shall evaluate and comment on all shop drawings with reasonable promptness. The contractor shall make the corrections and revisions as specified by the engineer and shall resubmit the amended shop drawings. 2. Concrete 2.1 Requirements

Unless otherwise approved by the engineer, concrete shall be ready-mixed. Job mixed concrete as approved by the engineer, may be used in remote site where ready-mixed concrete is not available. Kinds of concrete produced by different kinds of coarse aggregate shall be ordinary concrete and light-weight concrete as defined below: o Ordinary concrete Mixture of Portland cement or any hydraulic cement, normal weight aggregates composed of fine and coarse aggregates conforming to PNS 18/ASTM C-33, and water, with or without admixtures. o Light Weight concrete Concrete containing light-weight aggregates that conform to PNS/ASTM C-330

2.2 Concrete Mix Proportion and Consistencies (Strength of Concrete) ATM Center Building, Plant Building, Cistern and Pump House o fc = 27.6 MPa / 4000 PSi o Mix design of concrete shall be performed on a converted design strength (fo from fc) at a rate of 1kg=0.0980N/mm2 Other Building And Structures o Structural concrete works for ATM Center Guard House and ATM Center Canteen fc=20.7Mpa / 3000Psi 2.3 Ready Mixed Concrete The Ready-mixed concrete shall be produced at a concrete plant licensed under pertinent industrial standard and approved by the engineer (the word the concrete plant referred to hereafter shall mean the approved concrete plant). 2.4 Quality of Concrete 2.4.1 In-Situ Concrete strength o Strength of concrete shall be represented by the cylinder compressive strength on samples, water cured and tested at the concrete plant. In case concrete is tested at the site, strength of samples, water-cured and tested at 28 days, shall be greater than the design strength (fc) by 3N/mm 2 (f) the in-situ strength. 2.4.2 Specific Gravity of Concrete o Specific gravity of concrete shall be in a range of 2.2~2.4. It shall be approximately 2.4. Unit weight of concrete = 24 kN/m 3. 2.4.3 Workability and Slump o Workability shall be such that the concrete will densely worked into concrete forms, around reinforcement bars, and structural steels etc., without bleeding or segregation. o Slump Table 2.4.3-1 Slump of Concrete Structural Member Slump (mm) Foundation, Grade Beam ----------------- 150,180 (6-8) Column, Beam, Slab, Wall --------------- 180 2.5 Conditions for Concrete Mix Max. water to be used = 185 kg/m 3

Min. Cement = 270 kg/m3 Max. Water-cement ratio = 65% Reqd amount of air entrained produced by air entraining or water reduction admixture = 4.5% Max chloride content in concrete = 0.3 kg/m 3 of concrete by chloride ion or 0.3% by weight of cement.

2.6 Tolerance and Finish of Concrete 2.6.1 Tolerance in Alignment and Section Table 2.6.1-1 Tolerance in Alignment and Section Position Sectional Dimension Description Position indicated on the drawing Section of column, beam and wall and thickness of slab Section of foundation and grade beam Tolerance 20 -5 +20 -5 + (not regulated)

In case cast concrete turns out to exceed the above limit, the contractor shall work out a remedial measure ensuring the required quality of concrete for approval of the engineer Finish Surface of Concrete Exposed concrete cast with plywood formwork shall comply with the following requirement: Table 2.6.2-1 Surface of Permanently Exposed Concrete

2.6.2

Classification A

Concrete Surface Fair surface free of irregularities

B C

Remarks For permanently finish exposed or painted concrete surface. Surface treated plywood sheathing board to be used. Smooth surface with slight For surface coated (painted) irregularities that can be concrete. Plywood sheathing eliminated by a grinder board to be used Less smooth surface removed of Plywood sheathing board of irregularities with more intensive lesser quality than Class-B to be method used

Smoothness of concrete surface other than exposed concrete shall be as summarized in the following table: Table 2.6.2-3 Smooth of Concrete Surface

Finishes Applied on

Irregularity

Finishes Applied

Concrete Concrete is exposed to view, Thickness of finishing material is very thin, Others which requires good surface Thickness of finishing Material is less than 7mm, Others which requires rather good surface Thickness of finishing material is larger than 7mm, Others where finishing material does not require good surface

(mm) Less than 10 in 3m

Column, Beam, Wall Finish exposed, Painted, Wall papered

Floor Synthetic resin coated, Vinyl tiled, Metal trowel finish

Less than 12 in 3m

Finish coated, Tiled, Cement sand screed

Carpeted, Substratum for Waterproofing, Self-leveling coated Tiled, Cement sand plastered, Overlaid with light-weight concrete

Less than 10 in 1m

Substratum for wood furring strips

2.7 Material for Ordinary Concrete 2.7.1 Cement Cement to be used under this specification shall conform to ASTM C-150 Type-I, Specification for Portland Cement, PNS/C 150-86 Standard Specification for Portland cement, JIS, PNS/C 94-86b Standard Specification for Ready-Mixed Concrete or other applicable standards as approved by the Engineer. In general, cement may be Portland cement or a mixture of other hydraulic cement as tabulated below: Table 2.7.1-1 Cement for Ordinary Concrete Description Portland Cement Blast-Furnace Slag Cement Pozzolan Cement Fly-Ash Cement 2.7.2 Standards ASTM, PNSC ASTM C-150; PNS/C 150 PNS/C 989-87a PNS C 618-85 JIS JIS R5210 JIS R5211 JIS R5212 JIS R5213

Aggregate Type Of Aggregate o Coarse aggregate shall either be gravel, crushed stone, blast-furnace slag or mixture of these. o Fine aggregate shall either be sand, crushed stone, blast-furnace slag or mixture of these Quality of Aggregate o Strength of aggregate shall be larger than that of hardened cement paste. o Crushed stone shall conform to JIS A2005 or other applicable standards. It shall be free from alkali-aggregate reaction. Gravel and sand conform to JIS

A5308 or other applicable standards. It shall be free from alkali-aggregate reaction. o Blast-furnace slag shall conform to JIS A5011, Class B or equivalent. Maximum Size o Nominal maximum size of coarse aggregates shall not be larger than 1/5 of narrowest dimension between sides of forms or 1/3 the depth of slabs or footings, or the minimum clear spacing between individual reinforcing bars or wires. Water o Water used in mixing shall be clean and free from injurious amounts of oils, acids, alkali, salts, organic materials, or other substances that may be detrimental to concrete or reinforcement. o Water shall be free of other objectionable impurity, conforming to the industrial water at the least. Admixtures o Admixtures to be used in concrete shall be subject to prior approval of the engineer. o An Admixture is capable of maintaining essentially the same composition and performance throughout the work as the product used in establishing concrete proportion. o Calcium chloride or admixtures containing chloride other than impurities from admixture ingredients shall not be used in pre-stressed concrete, in concrete containing embedded aluminum, or in concrete cast against stay-in place galvanized metal forms. o Air-entraining admixtures shall conform to Specification for Air-entraining Admixtures for Concrete, ASTM C260-86 (PNS 17), JIS A6204 or other applicable standards. o Water-reducing admixtures and accelerating admixtures shall conform to Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete, ASTM C494, or Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Use in Producing Flowing Concrete, ASTM C1017-85 o Fly-Ash or other pozzolan used as admixtures shall conform to Specification for Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use as a Mineral Admixture in Portland cement, ASTM C618, JIS A6201: Fly-ash or other applicable standards. o Ground granulated blast-furnace slag used as an admixture shall conform to Specification for the Ground Iron Blast Furnace Slag for Use in Concrete and Mortars, ASTM C989-87a, JIS A6202: Fine powder blast-furnace slag and expansion agent or other applicable standards.

2.8 Mixing and Transporting Concrete 2.8.1 Concrete Plant Concrete plant (supplier of ready-mixed concrete) shall be approved by the engineer. Certificate to prove that the plant is a licensed one shall be submitted. It shall be located reasonably near the site such that concrete is delivered timely. Concrete from different plants shall not mix-used in one section of the work.

2.8.2

Production Procedure General Ready-mix concrete shall be produced according to PNS/C 94-86b (JIS A 5308) with the aggregates, in slumps, and into the strengths prescribed. Job mixed concrete shall be produced according to PNS/C 150-86b or in an approved manner that will produce the same quality of concrete as that of the ready mixed concrete. Mix Design Mix design brief of the ready-mixed concrete shall be submitted to the engineer for approval. Mix design shall satisfy the requirements of Field Strength specified hereunder. Mix proportion of ingredients shall be determined by trial mixes. Where accepted by the Engineer owing to ample experience of the concrete plant and for ordinary classes of concrete, trial mix may be omitted. Trial mix shall be carried out in the presence of the engineer. Sample shall be water cured and compression tested at 28 days. Assuming the 28 days strength at an earlier time shall be approved by the engineer. Field Strength Field strength of concrete shall be determined and compared to the design strength taking temperature and field operation factors into consideration. Job mixed concrete shall be determined in the same way as the ready-mixed concrete. Water Content Water content shall be minimized so as long as the required strength and workability. Admixtures Cement may be replaced with fly ash by as much as 10% of the whole cement content in the following case; in Portland cement concrete and when cement is introduced excessively in order to comply with the requirement of water-cement ration, not to gain strength. Use of admixtures and their content shall be approved by the engineer. Transportation of Concrete Concrete shall have been cast within the prescribed time from mixing to the end of casting. Water shall not be added to the concrete in hauling equipment (Agitator Truck) while being transported. The concrete hauling equipment shall be revolved in higher speed just before unloading to make the mix homogenous.

2.8.3 2.8.4 2.8.5 2.8.6

2.8.7

2.9 Quality Control of Concrete 2.9.1 General Workability of concrete and water content shall be maintained constant throughout concrete casting operation. Concrete condemned to contain excessive chloride shall not be used.

 2.9.2

Job mixed concrete shall be quality-controlled in the same way as the ready-mixed concrete. Concrete shall be cured according to the provisions of Curing of Concrete of this Subdivision. Concrete shall be sample-tested according to the provisions of Test of this Subdivision. Slump Table 2.9.2-1 Allowance of Slump Deviation (mm) Design Slump Allowable Deviation < 80 15 80 ~ 180 25 > 180 15

2.9.3 2.9.4

Air Content Air Content shall be adjusted if the actual content is found to be 1.5% outside the prescribed ones. Chloride Content In case the chloride content in concrete being cast is found to exceed the limit 0.3 kg/m3 of concrete, test shall be conducted from the next batch of concrete to ensure less value. If consecutive 10 batches afterwards are found to be acceptable, check on the chloride content shall be exercised according to Tests under this subdivision.

3. Transporting in the Site, Casting and Compaction 3.1 Restriction on Time Casting of concrete shall be within 90 minutes from the time of mixing under ambient temperature lower than 25C provided suitable approved admixtures have been used. When concrete is casted with the temperature over 25 C, it shall be dealt with as prescribed in Concrete Casting under Hot Weather of this sub-division. 4. Curing of Concrete 4.1 Curing Temperature In case it is likely that internal temperature of a structural member may rise more than 25 C over the ambient temperature by the heat of hydration, external face of concrete shall be cured such that its temperature does not drop rapidly. 4.2 Prevention of Surface Cracks Concrete shall be kept moist for 5 consecutive days or more by spraying water or other means. Where it is hot or concrete is exposed to sun, concrete surface shall be prevented from drying. 4.3 Protection from Vibration and External Shocks

Harmful vibration or external shocks shall not be given to concrete until it is sufficiently hardened. No human activity or work shall be done on the freshly cast concrete for at least one day, unless approved by the engineer for unavoidable reasons.

5. Precautions in Hot Weather 5.1General Provisions here shall be applied when the atmospheric temperature during concrete casting is over 25 C. 5.2 Materials and Mix Warmed cement shall not be used. Aggregate exposed to hot weather for long time shall be not be used as it is. Coarse aggregate shall be cooled with sprayed water. Water shall be cool as possible. Depending on the time from mixing to the end of casting, concrete admixture shall be used as required. 5.3 Mixing and Casting Temperature of concrete at the time of casting shall be lower than 35C. Construction joint faces and formwork shall be sufficiently dampened with water. Concrete conveyor pipe shall be shaded from the direct sun and covered with wet cloth or burlap. The time from mixing to the end of casting shall be planned to be within 90 minutes. Concrete shall not be casted against hot surfaces such as hot concrete pavement, or hot ground, etc. 5.4 Curing Curing of concrete shall be executed with greater care than for those casted in normal weather. 6. Lightweight Concrete 6.1 General Lightweight concrete shall not be used for structures in direct contact with soil. Lightweight concrete shall be produced using sand and artificially produced lightweight coarse aggregate. Specific gravity of lightweight concrete shall be in a range of 1.4~2.0 6.2 Materials Aggregate for lightweight concrete shall conform to PNS/C 330-87 or other applicable standards. Maximum size of coarse aggregate shall be 15mm. Coarse and fine aggregate shall be well graded conforming to PNS/C 330-87, JIS A5002 or other applicable standards.

Aggregate shall have been well soaked with water before use to prevent drop of slump or absorption of water by the pressure during conveying of concrete through pipe.

6.3 Qualities Air quantity in concrete shall generally be 5.0% Maximum water-cement ration shall be 60% Minimum cement content shall be 300 kg/m 3 of concrete 7. Damp-Proof Membrane/Vapor Barrier 7.1 Material Material shall be polyethylene sheet conforming to JIS K6781 and minimum thickness shall be 0.15 mm. 7.2 Placement The membrane shall be placed beneath the on-grade/on-fill slab. Use the greatest widths and lengths practicable to minimize joints. Lap joints shall be at least 300 mm. Remove torn, punctured, or damaged material and provide with the new one prior to placing of concrete. Concrete placement shall not damage the material. 8. Tests 8.1 Test on Materials Samples for tests on materials shall be taken at the concrete plant. 8.2 Test on Fresh Concrete Samples shall be taken in the following manner: o Ordinary : At the unloading point at site. o Light-weight concrete : At the casting spot immediately before casting o Trial Mixing : At the place of trial mixing o Samples shall be taken conforming to JIS A1115 or other applicable standards. o Fresh concrete shall be tested according to the following table of the Japanese standard or other applicable standards 8.3 Compression Strength Test Frequency of Compression Strength Tests o Ordinary Concrete: For each kind of concrete, more than once a day and once in every 150 m3 and fraction. o Light-weight Concrete: Once in the morning and afternoon and once in every 100 m3 and its fractions. Compression Strength Test Method o At each test cycle, three samples shall be taken individually for 7-days test, 28days test and determination of form removal timing or others. Samples shall be taken three times with proper intervals from different concrete transporters.

One piece of sample shall be selected from each three sample, taking for testing at different concrete ages. o Test pieces shall be molded at the site according to JIS A1132 or equivalent and cured according to the purpose of tests. De-molding shall be done 2-days after molding. o Curing shall be performed at a temperature of 203C when cured according to JIS A1132 or equivalent. In case pieces are cured at the site, it shall be carried out in a water bath, of which temperature shall be maintained as close to that of buildings. Temperature of the water bath shall be measured daily for highest and lowest temperatures and the average shall conform to the specified curing temperature. The water bath shall not be exposed to sun.