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UN-HABITAT
24th Session Governing Council
NAIROBI, 15- 19 APRIL 2013
Copyright © United Nations Human Settlements Programme, April 2013
2 U N - H A B I TAT
UN-HABITAT
24th Session Governing Council
N A I R OBI, 15- 19 APRIL 2013
On 5 April, the United Nations Secretary-General called
for accelerated action from Governments, international
organizations and civil society groups in the next 1,000 days
to reach the targets of the eight Millennium Development
Goals (MDGs) by the deadline of the end of 2015.
2 U N - H A B I TAT
and positive correlation between mobility for our citizens. Create an enabling
urbanization and development. The environment for economic activity and
experience of most of the BRIC and job creation. All of that in addition to the
on the Post-2015 Development Agenda newly industrialized countries, including enhancing of cities’ resilience to natural
and Sustainable Development Goals. It is the Asian Tigers, has demonstrated the disasters, and promotion of sustainable
critical that they are included, in one way power of urbanization as an engine of energy uses.
or another, in the Post-2015 Agenda. At development.
the same time, we all have a responsibility At the same time, the goal of social inclusion
to continue working to make the most The strategic goal of UN-Habitat for the and citizen participation must be supported.
of the next thousand days and fulfill the next six years or so is to promote the role Sound regulatory frameworks and land
millennium promise to the world’s poorest of urbanization in achieving sustainable management principles to deliver adequate
and most vulnerable people. development. In doing so, we are building shelter for all must also be pursued.
on governments’ recognition in the
We all know that cities and towns in Rio+20 outcome document, “The Future It is my hope that, working together, we
developing countries are facing many We Want”. If cities are well planned and can move away from the perception of
serious problems. The challenges are many. developed, including through integrated urbanization as a source of problems. We
Inadequate housing. Insufficient urban basic planning and management approaches, will move towards a new and more positive
services; namely water, sanitation, drainage, they can promote economically, socially and view of urbanization as an opportunity and
energy and transport. Unemployment, environmentally sustainable societies. a sustainable source of development. It is
especially among our youth. Expansion of indeed now “Time to Think Urban”.
the informal sector. Unplanned and often We hope that this thinking will continue
chaotic peri-urban expansion. Social and to inform the preparatory process for the Habitat III is offering us an excellent
political conflict over land. High levels of Habitat III Conference, and other global opportunity to move forward, setting
vulnerability to natural disasters, partly as a processes currently taking place in parallel, a new urban and human settlements
result of climate change. especially the discussions on the Post-2015 agenda for the next twenty years. This
Development Agenda and Sustainable must constantly be informed by the
In addition, developed countries, cities and Development Goals. shaping and implementation of post-2015
towns are facing a new range of challenges. Sustainable Development Goals. We need
We see excessive energy consumption. How we develop our villages, towns your engagement in the process towards
Increasing pockets of urban poverty and and cities in the near future will have a a successful Habitat III Conference, one of
inequality are manifesting themselves in significant impact on the quality of life the first global conferences that will be
new forms of segregation between the rich of millions of citizens. This will be an held after the definition of the Post-2015
and the poor. important legacy for future generations. We Development Agenda.
need to redouble our efforts to address the
Our work at UN-Habitat has shown that urbanization challenges that villages, towns On our part, we stand ready to demonstrate
in developing countries, most of these and cities are experiencing right now. our expertise in the struggle against poverty,
challenges are not only the result of rapid and to support Governments and Habitat
urbanization, but also of the lack of proper UN-Habitat will help to ensure that the Agenda partners.
urban policies to guide the process. urban centres and other human settlements
of the future will be well planned and UN-Habitat is ready to play a leading role in
We have to remind ourselves that designed to reduce poverty and promote guiding the urban development agenda.
throughout history, urbanization has better quality of life.
always been the process by which societies
have been transformed to higher levels What we are asked to do together is to
of development. In fact, we can say facilitate equitable access to adequate
that there is a proven, powerful housing and basic services. Provide easy
May: Publication of the Global Report on Human July: UN-Habitat participates at the London 2012
Settlements – Cities and Climate Change Olympic Games Torch Relay. Julius Mwelu,
torchbearer
June: 1st African Youth Assembly, Lagos, Nigeria
August:
UN-Habitat signs the transparency commitment.
October: World Habitat Day, Aguascalientes, Mexico Launch of Open UN-Habitat
March: AMCHUD Conference in Nairobi, Kenya September: Launch of the State of the World Cities Report
2012-2013
May: Launch of the Regional Report of the State of
the Arab Cities 2012 September: Medellin selected host city for the seventh
session of the World Urban Forum
June: Transitional organization structure of UN-Habitat
in place September: First meeting of the Advisory Group on Gender
Issues (AGGI)
June:
First National Urban Forum in Colombia. UN-
Habitat continued to support National Urban October: World Habitat Day “Changing Cities, Building
Forums in 13 countries (Burkina Faso, Cuba, Fiji, Opportunities”
Ghana, Lebanon, Malawi, Mozambique, Nepal,
Nigeria, the Philippines, Rwanda, Senegal, and
Viet Nam)
4 U N - H A B I TAT
October: Completion of the National Urban Policy March: World mayors commit to make cities crime and
Framework violence free. First Steering Committee of the
Safer Cities Global Network in New York
November: Launch of “Because I’m a Girl: Urban
Programme”, Hanoi March: Dr. Joan Clos, UN-Habitat Executive Director,
awarded with the prestigious Penn IUR Urban
November: The World Urban Campaign reaches 70 Leadership Award
partners
April: Launch of the City Resilience Profiling
December: Launch of “I’m a City Changer” Africa Programme
Campaign
April: 24th Session of the World Urban Campaign
December: Rabat Declaration on “Making Slums History”
The world is fast becoming predominantly sector; inadequate urban basic services, we recognize their positive potential as
urban. At the beginning of the 19th especially water, sanitation, drainage and levers for sustainable development.
century, only 2 per cent of the world’s energy; unplanned peri-urban expansion;
population was urban. The population social and political conflict over land; high We need to see the city more as an asset
living in urban areas reached 50 per cent levels of vulnerability to natural disasters, and a solution, as a driver of development
at the beginning of the 21st century and is partly resulting from climate change; and and poverty reduction. Urbanization
expected to reach 60 per cent by 2030. At poor mobility systems. presents an opportunity to solve many of
the same time the world’s population has the challenges confronting contemporary
grown from 900 million to 7 billion. At the same time, cities and towns play a human development. Well-planned and
role as drivers of national economic and designed cities can generate higher levels
The fastest rates of urbanization are in the social development. of societal wellbeing, global economic
developing world, which is facing huge growth and means of livelihood and foster
challenges related to poverty, segregation In many developing countries, rapid sustainable development. The key is to
between the rich and the poor, poor basic urbanization is preceding industrialization. promote a more proactive perspective on
services, inadequate housing, lack of proper The limited number of formal industrial the city. This will prevent negative, self-
means of livelihood and climate change risks. jobs is often linked to widespread fulfilling perceptions of urbanization and
unemployment. This, in turn, has led to the piecemeal problem solving.
Historical economic studies have established expansion of the urban informal sector, and
that there is a positive correlation between increased social tension. Sustainable urbanization is the way forward,
planned urbanization and development. an opportunity for sustainable development
It is also clear that the urban economy Slums and the informal sector are the that must not be missed.
is more productive due to the proximity spontaneous form of urbanization consisting
of the factors of production, increased of a series of survival strategies, most borne
specialisation and market sizes. Because of out of poverty and desperation. Given the
this, proper urbanization should be used as lack of urban planning, the slum represents
a powerful tool for creating employment the only housing and livelihood opportunity
and livelihoods. This requires a mind-set shift for many. A strong pro-active policy should
away from viewing urbanization mainly as prevent the development of slums, promote
a problem, towards viewing urbanization as strong local institutions and encourage
a very powerful tool for development, and people’s involvement in decision making.
as a strategy against poverty and lack of
adequate housing and urban basic services. The city is a human construct; a socially-
constructed human artifact. Though it is
Cities and towns in developing countries often regarded as inevitable at best, the
are facing serious challenges, due to the growth and development of cities is far
lack of proper urban policies, which include from spontaneous and uncontrollable.
unemployment, especially among the Urbanization can be steered and shaped in
youth; high percentages of people living a collectively desired manner. The more we
in slums; the dominance of the informal see cities as voluntarily shaped, the more
6 U N - H A B I TAT
24TH SESSION GOVERNING COUNCIL 7
TOWARDS A NEW URBAN MODEL
8 U N - H A B I TAT
UN-HABITAT INFLUENCING URBAN CHANGE
• Third United Nations Conference on Housing and Sustainable Development (HABITAT III) to be held in 2016, will outline a new
Urban Agenda to respond to the new challenges and to raise the strategic, political and media profile for sustainable urban
development.
• Focus on Post-2015 United Nations Development Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals processes to take into
account urban challenges.
• Recognition of UN member states at the Rio+20 outcome document, “The Future We Want”, that: “if they are well planned
and developed, including through integrated planning and management approaches, cities can promote economically, socially
and environmentally sustainable societies. In this regard, we recognize the need for a holistic approach to urban development
and human settlements that provides for affordable housing and infrastructure and prioritizes slum upgrading and urban
regeneration…” (paragraph 134)
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10 U N - H A B I TAT
NATIONAL URBAN POLICIES PROVIDE A FRAMEWORK FOR
FUTURE URBAN DEVELOPMENT
In a context in which mobility, information and opportunities are constantly improving, and where there is a risk of fostering
inefficient and unsustainable urban-sprawl, UN-Habitat promotes the implementation of long-term “National Urban Policies”
(NUP) as flagship solutions for both fast-urbanising and sustainably transitioning countries. Aiming at a more qualified process
of urbanisation based on Compact, Connected, Integrated and Inclusive towns and cities, this tool strengthens the link between
urbanisation and socio-economic development, through problem-oriented roadmaps and strategic territorial blueprints.
The best reason to opt for a new generation of National Urban Policies comes from a strong evidence base. Over the last decades,
urbanisation has allowed for fast-growing emergent economies to steadily bridge their socioeconomic gaps with more developed
nations. Urbanisation is positively related to economic growth, to human development and to poverty reduction.
In sum, a National Urban Policy provides a framework for future urbanisation and urban development. It ensures a maximisation
of national and local benefits, urban economies of agglomerations, and at the same time a mitigation of potential adverse
externalities. It also helps coordination amongst different sectors and ministries, thus placing urban development at the highest
stage of strategic decision-making, as a prime strategy for national socio-economic development.
Therefore, National Urban Policies essentially seek to provide practical answers on how governments need to accommodate for the
next generations of urban population, on how many different phases are necessary, and on how challenges should be appropriately
addressed.
Urban growth of the past 30 years has largely resulted in crowded slums and sprawling settlements in the urban fringe. Cities are
consuming more and more land to accommodate new developments. In most regions, urban land has grown much faster than
urban population, resulting in less dense and in general more inefficient land use patterns. In addition, this is often happening in
the absence of a viable spatial structure. Pressure on land also results in increased land prices, while low density makes it costly and
inefficient to provide services and infrastructure. The overall efficiency of settlements is reduced and city development hindered.
Mechanisms for ensuring an orderly extension and densification of existing and planned neighborhoods are needed in order to
provide the city with a spatial structure that can support socio-economic and environmental sustainability. In order to create this
structure, city extension and densification plans are needed to enable cities to accommodate the expected urban growth in the next
decades in a sustainable way. Urban plans can provide for sufficient public space and street space organised in an urban structure
that minimizes transport and service delivery costs, optimizes the use of land, and supports the protection and organization of
urban open spaces. Densification initiatives include subsurban densification, area redevelopment and slum upgrading, layout of new
areas with higher densities, brownfield development, building conversions, and transit-oriented developments.
The aim of this combined approach is to increase residential and economic densities and thus support economies of agglomeration,
while guiding new development to areas which are better suited for urbanization, thus better preserving the environment and
increasing resilience.
The results achieved through the development of city extensions and densification plans are:
a. a spatial structure will be created in order to support urban development and attract investments;
b. large areas of land will be made available for development thus reducing land prices and speculation;
c. urban densities will increase incrementally accommodating population growth more efficiently;
d. the city’s ecological footprint will be minimized through more compact city patterns.
a. economic agglomeration advantages, including lower costs of providing infrastructure and services;
b. strengthened social interactions and reduced mobility demand;
c. mixed use of land that increases social heterogeneity and generates economic densities.
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UN-HABITAT FINANCIAL OVERVIEW
2009
The financial framework of UN-Habitat
comprises three sources of funding:
Year
2010
2011
1. United Nations regular budget
allocations approved by the United 2012
Nations General Assembly;
0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000
2. United Nations Habitat Foundation
(Amount in USD)
funded by voluntary contributions. The
foundation is split into the foundation
general purpose, which funds core Regular budget UNA Foundation Earmarked
activities, and foundation special Technical Cooperation Overhead
purpose for specific activities; Foundation Programme Support Technical Cooperation Earmarked
Africa 46,311,766
(Amount in USD)
14 U N - H A B I TAT
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
Appointed Executive Director of the United Deputy Mayor in change of Finance and
Nations Human Settlements Programme Budgeting, playing a key role during the
(UN-Habitat) at the level of Under-Secretary- 1992 Olympic Games in Barcelona.
General by the United Nations General
Assembly, Dr. Joan Clos took office at the Joan Clos is also widely credited with
Programme’s headquarters in Nairobi, Kenya inspiring far reaching investment
on 18 October 2010. programmes for Barcelona. One of the
most ambitious was the Barcelona@22
Born in Barcelona on 29 June 1949, he is a programme which gave the city’s
medical doctor with a distinguished career dilapidated industrial zones a facelift.
Dr. Joan Clos in public service and diplomacy. He was In 2004 one of these newly refurbished
United Nations Under-Secretary-General twice elected Mayor of Barcelona serving neighbourhoods near the old dockyards was
and Executive Director of UN-Habitat two terms during the years 1997-2006. chosen as the site for the second gathering
He was appointed Minister of Industry, of UN-Habitat’s World Urban Forum.
Tourism and Trade of Spain (2006-2008). In
this role, he helped rationalize the Iberian At the international level, in 1998 he
Energy Market in line with European Union was elected President of Metropolis, the
Policies. Prior to joining the United Nations, international network of cities. Two years
he served as Spanish ambassador to Turkey later, he was elected President of the World
and Azerbaijan. Association of Cities and Local Authorities,
(WACLAC). Between 2000 and 2007, he
He is a medical graduate from the served as Chairman of the United Nations
Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona Advisory Committee of Local Authorities,
(UAB), specialized in Public Health (UNACLA). And between 1997 and 2003,
and Epidemiology, at the University of he was member of the Council of European
Edinburgh (Scotland). Dr. Clos then joined Municipalities and Regions, (CEMR).
the Barcelona Municipal Government as
Director of Public Health in 1979. Dr. Clos received a number of awards
which include a gold medal from the Royal
As a city councillor between 1983 and Institute of British Architects in 1999 for
1987, he earned a reputation for improving transforming Barcelona. In 2002, he won
municipal management and for urban the UN-Habitat Scroll of Honour Award for
renewal projects, notably managing the encouraging global cooperation between
renovation of downtown Barcelona’s Ciutat local authorities and the United Nations.
Vella district. From 1990 to 1994 he was
Prior to her position as Mayor, Ms. Kirabo Ms. Kirabo was educated at James Cook
was an Elected Member of Parliament University, Australia where she gained her
(and member of Parliamentary Standing Masters in Veterinary Science in Animal
Committee in charge of land use and Production and Economics and at Makerere
management, settlement and environment), University, Uganda where she gained her
she actively participated in the legislative Bachelor of Veterinary Medicine.
and over-sight functions of parliament in
addition to community mobilization.
16 U N - H A B I TAT
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