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Specimen Collection & Handling for the Microbiology Laboratory Ref: Burtons Microbiology for the Health Sciences, 9th Ed Ch 13
Lecture # 17
Chapter 13 Outline
Introduction Clinical Specimens Types of Clinical Specimens Usually Required to Diagnose Infectious Diseases The Pathology Department (The Lab) Anatomical Pathology Clinical Pathology
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Introduction
The proper diagnosis of an infectious disease requires: 1. Taking a complete patient history 2. Conducting a thorough physical examination of the patient
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Clinical Specimens
Specimens collected from patients such as blood, urine, feces, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), are known as clinical specimens. Specimens commonly submitted to the hospitals Clinical Microbiology Laboratory (CML) include: blood, bone marrow, bronchial washings, sputum, CSF, cervical and vaginal swabs, feces, hair and nail clippings, pus, skin scrapings, synovial fluid, throat swabs, tissue specimens, urethral discharge material, urine, and urogenital secretions. All specimens should be of the highest possible quality!
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Specimens should be protected from heat and cold and promptly delivered to the laboratory.
Hazardous specimens must be handled with even greater care to avoid contamination of couriers, patients, and healthcare professionals.
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Proper method of packaging cultures, specimens, and other biological hazardous materials for the purposes of transport.
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Proper Method of Preparing the Venipuncture Site When Obtaining Blood for Culture
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SKIP
SKIP
The Pathology Department, cont.
Clinical Pathology Consists of several laboratories in addition to the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory: Clinical Chemistry, Urinalysis, Hematology/Coagulation, Blood Bank, and Immunology. Personnel include pathologists, chemists and microbiologists, clinical laboratory scientists (also known as medical technologists - MTs), and clinical laboratory technicians (also known as medical laboratory technicians - MLTs).
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The CML may be under the direction of a pathologist, a microbiologist, or a senior clinical laboratory scientist.
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CML professionals are very much like detectives and crime scene investigators -- gathering clues about a pathogen until they have enough information to identify it.
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Diagram Ilustrating the 3 types of Hemolysis That Can be Observed on a Blood Agar Plate
(Gamma) hemolysis =
No Hemolysis
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A variety of procedures are used to identify fungal pathogens including special media, KOH preps, biochemical tests (for yeasts), and a combination of microscopic and macroscopic observations (for moulds).
A Colony (Mycelium) of the Mould Aspergillus fumigatus, a Common Cause of Pulmonary Infections in Immunosuppressed Patients
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