UNIT-4 IV (RADIATION) 1. Two parallel plates of size 1m * 1m are spaced 0.

5 m apart are located in a very large room, the walls of which are maintained at a temperature of 27 oC. One plate is maintained at a temperature of 900oC and the other at 400oC. Their emissivities are 0.2 and 0.5 respectively. If the plates exchange heat between themselves and surrounding, find the net heat transfer to each plate and to the room. Consider only the plate surfaces facing each other. 1. Define radiation heat transfer. 2. What are the two basic theories of radiation heat transfer? 3. Define Maxwells classical electromagnetic theory of radiation heat transfer. 4. Define Max planks theory of radiation heat transfer. 2. A. Write short notes on Gaseous emission and absorption. B. Calculate the net radiant heat exchanger per m2 area for two parallel plates at temperature of 427oC and 27oC respectively (hot plate) = 0.9 and (cold plate) = 0.6. If a polished aluminum shield is placed between them, find the percentage reduction in the heat transfer (shield) = 0.4. 5. What is the range of electromagnetic waves used in heat transfer? 6. Mention the various factor influence the rate of emission of radiation from a body. 7. Briefly explain about emission. 8. Define emissive power 3. A. Define emissivity, absorptivity and reflectivity. B. Describe the phenomenon of radiation from real surfaces. 9. Define mono chromatic emissive power. 10. Define absorption. 11. Define absorbtivity. 12. Define reflectivity.

4. A. What are radiation view factors and why are they used? B.Determine the view factor (F14) for the figure shown below.

13. Define transmissivity. 14. What are the two types of reflection phenomena? 15. Briefly explain about specular reflection. 16. Briefly explain about diffused reflection. 5. A. Distinguish between a black body and gray body and specular and diffuse surfaces. B. Two large parallel plates at 800 K and 600 K have emissivity of 0.5 and 0.8 respectively. A radiation shield having a emissivity of 0.1 on one side and an emissivity of 0.05 on the other side and an emissivity of 0.05 on the other side is placed between the plates. Calculate the heat transfer rate of radiation per square meter with and without the radiation shield. Comment on the result. 17. Define black body 18. 19. 20. Define gray body Define radiation intensity of a surface What are the two types of radiation intensity?

6. A. Determine the view factor F1-2 and F2-1 for the figure shown below

B. Discusses the radiation characteristics of carbon dioxide and water vapour. 21. 22. 23. 24. Briefly explain about spectral radiation intensity? Briefly explain about total radiation intensity. State Stefan Boltzmann law of radiation. State Lamberts cosine law.

7. A. Explain how the radiation from solids from that of the gases. B. A flow (coquette) takes place in between two plates with lower plate held stationary and the upper plate at a distance L is moving with a velocity U. The lower and upper plates are the held at uniform temperatures T0 and TL resp. determine the velocity and temperature distribution between the two plates. 25. 26. 27. 28. Define radiosity. State Planks distribution law. Briefly explain about Wiens displacement law. Enumerate the effects of surface temperature on emissivity.

8. A. Discuss how the radiation from gases differs from that of solids. B. Two large parallel plates with emissivity 0.5 exchange heat. Determine the percentage reduction in the heat transfer rate if a polished aluminum radiation shield of =0.04 is placed in between the plates 29. 30. 31. 32. State Stefan Boltzmann law and Plancks law. How they are related? What is radiation shield? What do you understand by Gray body and Black body Define emissivity.

9. A. Write note on black body and Grey body.

B. Determine the view factor (F14) for the figure shown below

33. 34. 35. 36.

Mention the physical significance of view factor. What electrical analogy. What is the thermal radiation and what its wave length band? State Kirchoffs law of radiation.

10. A. State and prove the following laws:1.krichoff,s law, 2. Stefan Boltzmann law, B. Show from energy balance consideration that the radiation heat transfer from a plane composite surface A4 and made up of plane surface areas A2 and A3 to a plane surface area A1 is given by: A4F41=A3F31+A2F21 and F14=F12+F13. 37. 38. 39. 40. Define irradiation. Define radiosity. What are the assumptions made to calculate radiation exchange between the surfaces? What is meant by shape factor and mention its physical significance.

11. A. Using the definition of radiosity and irradiation prove that the radiation heat exchangers between two grey bodies is given by the radiation B. A surface at 100K with emissivity of 0.10 is protected from a radiation flux of 1250 W/m2 by a shield with emissivity of 0.05. Determine the percentage cut off and the shield temperature. Assume shape factor as1. 41. 42. 43. 44. The heat transfer by radiation takes place by means of? A perfect black body is one which? Discuss the radiation characteristics of co2 and water vapour. Define maximum emissive power?

12. Discuss briefly the following :

(I)Ficks laws of diffusion (II) Equimolar counter diffusion (III) Evaporation process in the atmosphere 45. Estimate the net radiant heat exchange per square meter from a very large plate at a temperature of 600oC and 300oC. Assume that emissivity of hot plate is 0.9 and cold plate 0.4. 46. Calculate the net radiant interchange per sq.m for two large planes a temperature of 900k and 400k respectively. Assume that the emissivity of hot plane is 0.9 and that cold plane is 0.7. 47. Assuming the sun to be a black body emitting radiation with maximum intensity at =0.5m, calculate the surface temperature and emissive power. 48. Write the formula heat exchange between two large concentric cylinders. 13. Calculate the following for an industrial furnace in the black body and emitting radiation at 2500oC.(i) Monochromatic emissive power at 1.2 m length (ii) wavelength at which the emission is maximum .(iii) maximum emissive power. (iv) Total emissive power (v) Total emissive power of the furnace if its assumed as a real surface with emissivity equal to 0.9. 49. Emissivitives of two large parallel planes maintained at 800 oCand 300oC are0.3 and 0.5 resp. Find the net radiation h exchanger per square meter these plates. 50. Define the mean beam length. 51. What does the view factor represent? When the view factor from a surface to itself is not zero? 52. What is reciprocity rule? 14. A truncated cone has top and bottom diameter of 10 and 20 cm and a height of 10 cm. estimate the shape factor between the top surface and the side and also the shape factor between the side and itself. 53. Define specular reflection. 54. Define opaque body. 55. Define diffuse reflection. 56. Explain the meaning of the geometric factor in relation to heat exchange by radiation. 15. Derive the heat exchange between two non black (Gray) parallel planes. 57. Drive the expression for shear factor of the cavity is enclosed on its surface with a flat surface for cone.

58. The radiation shape factor of the circular surface of a thin hollow cylinder of 10cm diameter and 10 cm length is 0.1716. what is the shape factor of curved surface of the cylinder w.r.t. 59. Write the formula for interchange factor for infinite parallel planes and body1 large enclosed by body2. 60. One side of the metallic plate is insulated while the other side observes a radiation flux of 900W/m2. The convective heat transfer coefficient between the plate and the ambient air is 10W/m2K. The surface emissivity3e of the plate is 0.8 the surrounding and ambient air at 25c. Determine the temperature of the plate under steady state condition. 16. Derive the Radiation exchange between two Black surfaces separated by non absorbing medium. 61. What are the emission properties? 62. Explain the concept of black body. 63. Define intensity of radiation. 64. What are the assumptions in radiation exchange between surfaces. 17. (i) Derive Heat exchange between two large concentric cylinders or sphere.(ii) Radiation of heat exchange for three gray surfaces. 65. Give the equation for heat exchange two non-black parallel planes. 66. Give the equation for heat exchange with n shield. 67. Calculate the net radiant interchange per sq.m for two large planes a temperature of 800k and 300k respectively. Assume that the emissivity of hot plane is 0.8 and that cold plane is 0.6. 68. Two parallel plates are maintained at a temperature of 900K and 500K resp. each plate has an area 6m2, compare the net heat exchange between the plates for both plates are black. 18. A black body at 3000K emits radiation Calculate the following: (i) Monochromatic emissive power at 1m length (ii) wavelength at which the emission is maximum. (iii) Maximum emissive power. (iv) Total emissive power (v) Total emissive power of the furnace if its assumed as a real surface with emissivity equal to 0.85. 69. Two parallel plates are maintained at a temperature of 900K and 500K resp. each plate has an area 6m2, compare the net heat exchange between the plates for plates have an emissivity of 0.5.

70. Estimate the net radiant heat exchange per square meter from a very large plate at a temperature of 550oC and 320oC. Assume that emissivity of hot plate is 0.8 and cold plate 0.6. 71. Emissivitives of two large parallel planes maintained at 950 oCand 400oC are0.3 and 0.5 resp.Find the net radiation h exchanger per square meter these plates. 72. Find the relative heat transfer between two large planes at temperature 1000K and 500Kwhen they are black bodies. 19. Two large parallel plates are maintained at a temperature of 600k and 900K and emisssivities of 0.4 and 0.7 resp. determine heat transfer by radiation and also calculate the percentage of reduction in heat transfer and shield temperature when another plate of emissivity 0.05 introduced in between them. 73. 74. 75. 76. Find the relative heat transfer between two large planes at temperature 1000K and 500Kwhen they are Grey bodies with emissivities of each surface is 0.7. Define photons. What are the properties depends thermal radiation. Define white body.

20. Two parallel plates of size 3m*2m are placed parallel to each other at a distance of 1m. One plate is maintained at a temperature of 550oC and the other at 250oC and the emissivity are 0.35 and 0.55 respectively. The plates are located in a large room whose walls are at 35oC. If the plates exchange heat with other and with the room, calculate (i) Heat lost by the plates. (ii) Heat received by the room. 77. Draw the illustration for evaluating area and special distributions of radiation emitted from a surface. 78. Assuming the sun to be a black body emitting radiation with maximum intensity at =0.49m, calculate the surface temperature. 79. Define principle of conversation. 80. A thin copper sphere with its internal surface highly oxidized, has a diameter of 20cm. how small a hole must be in the sphere to make an opening that will have an absorptivity of 0.9. 81. Two parallel plates rectangular surfaces 1m*2m are opposite to each other at a distance of 4m.the surfaces are black and at 100oC and 200oC. Calculate the heat exchange by radiation between the two surfaces.