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Elements Reference | Part I, Element Library |

PLANE42 2-D Structural Solid MP ME ST PR PRN DS DSS <> <> <> <> PP <> Product Restrictions
PLANE42 Element Description

PLANE42 is used for 2-D modeling of solid structures. The element can be used either as a plane element (plane stress or plane strain) or as an axisymmetric element. The element is defined by four nodes having two degrees of freedom at each node: translations in the nodal x and y directions. The element has plasticity, creep, swelling, stress stiffening, large deflection, and large strain capabilities. An option is available to suppress the extra displacement shapes. See PLANE42 in the Theory Reference for ANSYS and ANSYS Workbench for more details about this element. See PLANE82 for a multi-node version of this element. See PLANE25 for an axisymmetric version that accepts nonaxisymmetric loading. Figure 42.1 PLANE42 Geometry

PLANE42 Input Data

The geometry, node locations, and the coordinate system for this element are shown in Figure 42.1: "PLANE42 Geometry". The element input data includes four nodes, a thickness (for the plane stress option only) and the orthotropic material properties. Orthotropic material directions correspond to the element coordinate directions. The element coordinate system orientation is as described in Coordinate Systems. Element loads are described in Node and Element Loads. Pressures may be input as surface loads on the element faces as shown by the circled numbers on Figure 42.1: "PLANE42 Geometry". Positive pressures act into the element. Temperatures and fluences may be input as element body loads at the nodes. The node I temperature T(I) defaults to TUNIF. If all other temperatures are unspecified, they default to T(I). For any other input pattern, unspecified temperatures default to TUNIF. Similar defaults occurs for fluence except that zero is used instead of TUNIF. The nodal forces, if any, should be input per unit of depth for a plane analysis (except for KEYOPT(3) = 3) and on a full 360 basis for an axisymmetric analysis. KEYOPT(2) is used to include or suppress the extra displacement shapes. KEYOPT(5) and KEYOPT(6) provide various element printout options (see Element Solution). Initial state conditions previously handled via the ISTRESS command will be discontinued for this element. The INISTATE command will provide increased functionality, but only via the Current Technology elements (180,181, etc. ). To continue using Initial State conditions in future versions of ANSYS, consider switching to the appropriate Current Technology element. For more information on

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setting Initial State values see the INISTATE command and Initial State Loading in the Basic Analysis Guide. For more information on current -vs- legacy element technologies see Legacy vs. Current Element Technologies in the Elements Reference You can include the effects of pressure load stiffness in a geometric nonlinear analysis using SOLCONTROL,,,INCP. Pressure load stiffness effects are included in linear eigenvalue buckling automatically. If an unsymmetric matrix is needed for pressure load stiffness effects, use NROPT,UNSYM. A summary of the element input is given in "PLANE42 Input Summary". A general description of element input is given in Element Input. For axisymmetric applications see Axisymmetric Elements.
PLANE42 Input Summary
Nodes I, J, K, L Degrees of Freedom UX, UY Real Constants None, if KEYOPT(3) = 0, 1, or 2 THK - Thickness if KEYOPT(3) = 3 Material Properties EX, EY, EZ, PRXY, PRYZ, PRXZ (or NUXY, NUYZ, NUXZ), ALPX, ALPY, ALPZ (or CTEX, CTEY, CTEZ or THSX, THSY, THSZ), DENS, GXY, DAMP Surface Loads Pressures -face 1 (J-I), face 2 (K-J), face 3 (L-K), face 4 (I-L) Body Loads Temperatures -T(I), T(J), T(K), T(L) Fluences -FL(I), FL(J), FL(K), FL(L) Special Features Plasticity (BISO, MISO, BKIN, MKIN, KINH, DP, ANISO, CHABOCHE, HILL) Creep (CREEP, RATE) Swelling (SWELL) Elasticity (MELAS) Other material (USER) Stress stiffening Large deflection Large strain Birth and death Adaptive descent Initial stress import Note Items in parentheses refer to data tables associated with the TB command. KEYOPT(1) Element coordinate system defined:

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0 -Element coordinate system is parallel to the global coordinate system 1 -Element coordinate system is based on the element I-J side KEYOPT(2) Extra displacement shapes: 0 -Include extra displacement shapes 1 -Suppress extra displacement shapes KEYOPT(3) Element behavior: 0 -Plane stress 1 -Axisymmetric 2 -Plane strain (Z strain = 0.0) 3 -Plane stress with thickness input KEYOPT(5) Extra stress output: 0 -Basic element solution 1 -Repeat basic solution for all integration points 2 -Nodal stress solution KEYOPT(6) Extra surface output: 0 -Basic element solution 1 -Surface solution for face I-J also. 2 -Surface solution for both faces I-J and K-L also. (Surface solution available for linear materials only) 3 -Nonlinear solution at each integration point also. 4 -Surface solution for faces with nonzero pressure KEYOPT(9) Initial stress subroutine option (available only through direct input of the KEYOPT command):

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0 -No user subroutine to provide initial stress (default) 1 -Read initial stress data from user subroutine USTRESS (see the Guide to ANSYS User Programmable Features for user written subroutines)

PLANE42 Output Data

The solution output associated with the element is in two forms:

Nodal displacements included in the overall nodal solution Additional element output as shown in Table 42.1: "PLANE42 Element Output Definitions"

Several items are illustrated in Figure 42.2: "PLANE42 Stress Output". The element stress directions are parallel to the element coordinate system. Surface stresses are available on any face. Surface stresses on face IJ, for example, are defined parallel and perpendicular to the IJ line and along the Z axis for a plane analysis or in the hoop direction for an axisymmetric analysis. A general description of solution output is given in Solution Output. See the Basic Analysis Guide for ways to view results. Figure 42.2 PLANE42 Stress Output

Stress directions shown are for KEYOPT(1) = 0 The Element Output Definitions table uses the following notation: A colon (:) in the Name column indicates the item can be accessed by the Component Name method [ETABLE, ESOL]. The O column indicates the availability of the items in the file Jobname.OUT. The R column indicates the availability of the items in the results file. In either the O or R columns, Y indicates that the item is always available, a number refers to a table footnote that describes when the item is conditionally available, and a - indicates that the item is not available. Table 42.1 PLANE42 Element Output Definitions
Name EL NODES MAT THICK VOLU: Element Number Nodes - I, J, K, L Material number Average thickness Volume Definition O Y Y Y Y Y R Y Y Y Y Y

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XC, YC PRES TEMP FLUEN S:X, Y, Z, XY S:1, 2, 3 S:INT S:EQV EPEL:X, Y, Z, XY EPEL:1, 2, 3 EPEL:EQV EPTH:X, Y, Z, XY EPTH:EQV EPPL:X, Y, Z, XY EPPL:EQV EPCR:X, Y, Z, XY EPCR:EQV EPSW: NL:EPEQ NL:SRAT NL:SEPL NL:HPRES FACE EPEL(PAR, PER, Z) TEMP S(PAR, PER, Z) SINT SEQV LOCI:X, Y, Z

Location where results are reported Pressures P1 at nodes J,I; P2 at K,J; P3 at L,K; P4 at I,L Temperatures T(I), T(J), T(K), T(L) Fluences FL(I), FL(J), FL(K), FL(L) Stresses (SZ = 0.0 for plane stress elements) Principal stresses Stress intensity Equivalent stress Elastic strains Principal elastic strain Equivalent elastic strain [4] Average thermal strain Equivalent thermal strain [4] Plastic strain Equivalent plastic strain [4] Creep strains Equivalent creep strains [4] Swelling strain Equivalent plastic strain Ratio of trial stress to stress on yield surface Equivalent stress on stress-strain curve Hydrostatic pressure Face label Surface elastic strains (parallel, perpendicular, Z or hoop) Surface average temperature Surface stresses (parallel, perpendicular, Z or hoop) Surface stress intensity Surface equivalent stress Integration point locations

Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 -

3 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 Y

1. Nonlinear solution, output only if the element has a nonlinear material. 2. Surface output (if KEYOPT(6) is 1,2, or 4) 3. Available only at centroid as a *GET item. 4. The equivalent strains use an effective Poisson's ratio: for elastic and thermal this value is set by the user (MP,PRXY); for plastic and creep this value is set at 0.5. Table 42.2 PLANE42 Miscellaneous Element Output
Description Names of Items Output O Y Y R Integration Point Solution (KEYOPT(5) = 1) TEMP, SINT, SEQV, EPEL(1, 2, 3), S(X, Y, Z, XY), S(1, 2, 3) Nodal Stress Solution (KEYOPT(5) = 2) TEMP, S(X, Y, Z, XY), S(1, 2, 3), SINT, SEQV

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Nonlinear Integration Point Solution (KEYOPT(6) = 3)

EPPL, EPEQ, SRAT, SEPL, HPRES, EPCR, EPSW

1. Valid if the element has a nonlinear material and KEYOPT(6) = 3

Note

For axisymmetric solutions with KEYOPT(1) = 0, the X, Y, Z, and XY stress and strain outputs correspond to the radial, axial, hoop, and in-plane shear stresses and strains, respectively. Table 42.3: "PLANE42 Item and Sequence Numbers" lists output available through the ETABLE command using the Sequence Number method. See The General Postprocessor (POST1) in the Basic Analysis Guide and The Item and Sequence Number Table of this manual for more information. The following notation is used in Table 42.3: "PLANE42 Item and Sequence Numbers":
Name output quantity as defined in the Table 42.1: "PLANE42 Element Output Definitions" Item predetermined Item label for ETABLE command E sequence number for single-valued or constant element data I,J,K,L sequence number for data at nodes I,J,K,L

Table 42.3 PLANE42 Item and Sequence Numbers

Output Quantity Name P1 P2 P3 P4 S:1 S:2 S:3 S:INT S:EQV FLUEN THICK ETABLE and ESOL Command Input Item SMISC SMISC SMISC SMISC NMISC NMISC NMISC NMISC NMISC NMISC NMISC E 25 I 2 7 1 2 3 4 5 21 J 1 4 6 7 8 9 10 22 K 3 6 11 12 13 14 15 23 L 5 8 16 17 18 19 20 24 -

See Surface Solution of this manual for the item and sequence numbers for surface output for the ETABLE command.
PLANE42 Assumptions and Restrictions

The area of the element must be nonzero. The element must lie in a global X-Y plane as shown in Figure 42.1: "PLANE42 Geometry" and

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the Y-axis must be the axis of symmetry for axisymmetric analyses. An axisymmetric structure should be modeled in the +X quadrants.

A triangular element may be formed by defining duplicate K and L node numbers (see Triangle, Prism and Tetrahedral Elements). The extra shapes are automatically deleted for triangular elements so that a constant strain element results. Surface stress printout is valid only if the conditions described in Element Solution are met.

PLANE42 Product Restrictions

When used in the product(s) listed below, the stated product-specific restrictions apply to this element in addition to the general assumptions and restrictions given in the previous section. ANSYS Professional.

The DAMP material property is not allowed. Fluence body loads are not applicable. The only special feature allowed is stress stiffening. KEYOPT(6) = 3 is not applicable.

Contains proprietary and confidential information of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.

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