I t d ti to Introduction t FEMSoftware S ft

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Method of Finite Elements II

C t t Contents
FEMd development l t IntroductiontotheuseofFiniteElements M d ll the Modelling h physical h lproblem bl Finiteelementsasatoolforcomputeraided d i and design dassessment t AnoverviewofFEMSoftware(Opensource andcommercial) Example:Abaqus

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Method of Finite Elements II

MFEdevelopment d l t
MFEistheconfluenceofthreeingredients:matrix structuralanalysis,variationalapproachandcomputer J TurneratBoeing g( (aerospace p industry yin 1950s,M.J. general):DirectStiffnessMethod Academia:J.H.Argyris,R.W.Clough(namefinite ele e t) H.C. element), H C Martin Ma ti and a dO.C. O C Zienkiewicz Zie kie i popularisation 1960s,MeloshandDeVeubeke:VariationalApproach Commercialfiniteelementcomputercodes

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Method of Finite Elements II

Introduction I t d ti to t th theU Useof fFinite Fi it Elements

Withintheframeworkofcontinuummechanics dependenciesbetweengeometricalandphysical quantitiesareformulatedonadifferentiallysmall elementandthanextendedtothewholecontinuum Asaresultweobtaindifferential,partialdifferentialor integralequationsforwhich,generally,ananalytical solutionisnotavailable theyhavetobesolvedusing somenumericalprocedure physical y discretizationofthe MFEisbasedonthep observeddomain,thusreducingthenumberofthe degreesoffreedom;moreoverthegoverningequations are ingeneral, are, general algebraic
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St Steps in i the th MFE

Continuumisdiscretizedinameshoffiniteelements Elements El t areconnected t dat tnodes d located l t donelement l t boundaries Stateofdeformation, deformation stresses, stresses etc etc.ineachelementis describedbyinterpolation(shape)functionsand correspondingvaluesinthenodes;thesenodevalues arebasic b i unknowns k of fthe h method h dof ffinite fi i elements l Thewayinwhichthesethreestepsareapproachedhas agreatinfluenceontheresultsofthecalculations

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Method of Finite Elements II

B i Types Basic T of fMFE

DirectMEF:analoguetodisplacementmethod Variational V i ti lMFE: MFE based b donthe th principle i i l of fstationarity t ti it ofafunctional,whichisusuallytotalpotentialenergy orcomplementary p yp potentialenergy gy ResidualMFE:basedonthedifferentialequationsthat areusedtodescribetheproblem EnergyBalanceMFE:basedonthebalanceofdifferent energytypes,mostlyusedtosolvethermodynamic problems

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Method of Finite Elements II

M d lli of Modelling fth thephysical h i lproblem bl

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Method of Finite Elements II

M d lli of Modelling fth thephysical h i lproblem bl

MFEis i only l awayof fsolving l i the th mathematical th ti lmodel d l Thesolutionofthephysicalproblemdependsonthe qualityofthemathematicalmodel thechoiceofthe mathematicalmodeliscrucial Thus, Thus mathematicalmodelmustbereliableandeffective Thechosenmathematicalmodelisreliable iftherequired responsecanbepredictedwithinagivenlevelof accuracymeasuredontheresponseofavery comprehensivemathematicalmodel Themosteffective mathematicalmodelfortheanalysisis theonethatgivestherequiredresponsewithsufficient accuracyand datleast l costs
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E Example l

Complex p p physical y p problem( (steelbracket) )modelled byasimplemathematicalmodel

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E Example l

Detailedreferencemodel 2Dp planestressmodel forMFEanalysis

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E Example l
Choiceofmathematicalmodelmustcorrespondto desiredresponse Themosteffectivemathematicalmodeldeliversreliable answerswiththeleastamountofeffort Anysolution(includingMFE)ofamathematicalmodelis limitedtoinformationcontainedinorfedintothemodel: badinput badoutput(garbagein garbageout) yisbasedoncomparisons p withthe Assessmentofaccuracy resultsfromverycomprehensivemodels butinpractice ithastobebasedonexperience(experiments)

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Method of Finite Elements II

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MFEasaTool T lfor f CAD/CAM

Practicalapplicationrequiresthatsolutionsobtainedby MFEarereliableandefficient However,itisalsonecessarythattheuseofMFEis robust thisimpliesthatminorchangesinanyinputto anMFEanalysisshouldnotchangetheresponsequantity significantly g y Engineer(user)shouldbeabletojudgethequalityofthe obtainedresults(i.e.forplausiblity)

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I l Implementation t ti of fMFE
CalculationofsystemmatricesK,M,C andR whichever applicable(nodalpointandelementinformationareread; elementstiffnessmatrices,massanddampingmatrices andequivalent q loadsarecalculated;structurematrices areassembled) Solutionofequilibriumequations Evaluationofelementstresses

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I l Implementation t ti of fMFE
Generalflowchartofprogram STRAP(Bathe,page989) EquationsolverCOLSOL(Bathe, S ti 8.2.3) Section 8 2 3) G Goal: l Using U i efficient ffi i tfinite fi it elements l t programs Packages:Opensourceand commercial
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O Open sourcepackages k
CalculiXisanOpenSourceFEAproject.Thesolverusesa partiallycompatibleABAQUSfileformat. format DUNE,DistributedandUnifiedNumericsEnvironment GPLVersion2withRunTimeException FEniCSProject:asoftwarepackagedevelopedby AmericanandEuropeanresearchers ForcePAD:educationalsoftwareforcepad.sourceforge.net freeFEM:asoftwarefromfreefem.org Sundance:asoftwarepackagedevelopedatSandia NationalLaboratories
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C Commercial i lpackages k
Abaqus:FrancoAmericansoftwarefromSIMULIA ADINAR&D, R&D Inc. I See S http://www.adina.com/ htt // di / ANSYS:Americansoftware COMSOLM Multiphysics li h i COSMOSWorks:ASolidWorksmodule GTSTRUDL30 LSDYNA,LSTC LivermoreSoftwareTechnology C Corporation ti Nastran:Americansoftware CUBUS
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E Example: l Ab Abaqus
Abaqusmodules:Abaqus/Standard,Abaqus/Explicitand Abaqus/CAE Abaqus/Standardisageneralpurposesolverusinga traditionalimplicitintegrationschemetosolvefinite elementanalyses Abaqus/Explicitusesanexplicitintegrationschemeto solve l highly hi hl nonlinear li transient t i tdynamic d i and dquasi istatic t ti analyses Abaqus/CAEprovidesanintegratedmodeling (preprocessing)andvisualization(postprocessing) environment e i o e for o the eanalysis a a y i p products o u
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Ab Abaqus features f t
Widematerialmodelingcapability Abilitytobecustomized Agoodcollectionofmultiphysicscapabilities, capabilities suchas coupledacousticstructural,piezoelectric,andstructural porecapabilities p p Attractiveforproductionlevelsimulationswhere multiplefieldsneedtobecoupled

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Ab Abaqus: M Multiphysics lti h i

Coupledacousticstructuralanalysise.g.blastloading Response p ofasubmerged g cylinder y toanunderwater explosionshockwave(Abaqus/Explicit) Geometry y

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Ab Abaqus: M Multiphysics lti h i

Loading

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Ab Abaqus: M Multiphysics lti h i

Standoffpointandsourcepoint

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Ab Abaqus: M Multiphysics lti h i

Structureandsurroundings

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Ab Abaqus: M Multiphysics lti h i

Displacementsatthecenteroftheendcaps

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Ab Abaqus: M Multiphysics lti h i

Accumulatedequivalentplasticstrains

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Method of Finite Elements II

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