International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and TechnologyRESEARCH (IJARET), ISSN 0976 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED IN 6480(Print), ISSN

N 0976 6499(Online) Volume 4, Issue 2, March April (2013), IAEME ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (IJARET)

ISSN 0976 - 6480 (Print) ISSN 0976 - 6499 (Online) Volume 4, Issue 2 March April 2013, pp. 81-84 IAEME: www.iaeme.com/ijaret.asp Journal Impact Factor (2013): 5.8376 (Calculated by GISI) www.jifactor.com

IJARET
IAEME

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY; THE ECO-FRIENDLY ALTERNATIVE SOURCE OF ENERGY

Chandrashekhar R. Suryawanshi Associate professor in BharatiVidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune ABSTRACT To develop energy one can have renewable and non-renewable resources. One of the renewable resource is Geothermal which is plentiful, eco-friendly, clean, reliable and renewable energy alternative resources available at beneath of our feet. Only It needs to extract and convert it in to clean energy. In global scenario ,developed countries have adopted geothermal energy as major source of energy. In India there is wide scope for utilizations of geothermal resource but India needs to strategically evaluate its supply options to meet its energy requirement. Coal would continue to be the dominant energy source .Coal-based power plants give rise to heavy carbon emission. With global efforts to control this menace taking a final shape guided by Kyoto Protocol, India should focus its attention on developing other cleaner sources of energy. India has vast reserves of the nuclear fuel thorium but the technology is not yet developed for its commercial use. Renewable energy could also contribute usefully to Indias energy requirement. Keywords: Geothermal, Renewable, Bio-Diesel, binary cycle, solar power, biomass, wind power ARTICLE CLASSIFICATION: GENERAL REVIEW INTRODUCTION The word 'energy' is all about resources of the world which can be used to 'do useful activities'. Energy resources are essential to human beings because almost everything we do requires the use of energy. Any development in the nation demands energy. So energy is the basic driver of a nations economy. Rapid urbanization, industrialization, rising incomes, and the growing use of energy intensive products are driving nations demand for energy. To develop energy one can have renewable and non-renewable resources. One of the renewable resource is Geothermal which is plentiful, eco-friendly, clean, reliable and renewable energy alternative resources available at beneath of our feet. Only It needs to extract and convert it in to clean energy. 81

International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET), ISSN 0976 6480(Print), ISSN 0976 6499(Online) Volume 4, Issue 2, March April (2013), IAEME

CASE: Considering five to eight percent economy growth in developing countries has develop strong thrust for energy. However, with a targeted GDP growth rate of 7 to 8 percent, and an estimated energy elasticity of 0.80, the energy requirements of the developing countries are expected to grow at five to six percent per annum over the next few years. This implies a four-fold increase in energy requirement over the next 25 years. Survey conducted by BP Statistical review of world energy 2011 Share of renewable energy resources in primary energy is continuously increasing as compare to bio-fuels and other resources. According to IEA Energy technology prospective 2010 ,strength of geothermal power generation of various leading countries in TWK are as Africa 6.12%,China 5.62%,OECD Pacific 5.47%, OECD Europe 7.21%,OECD North America23.82% , Other Developing Asia 31.82% ,Central & South America 6.47%, Economies in Transaction 12.34% , and India 1.13%. Today India is fifth largest consumer of electricity and by 2030 it will become third largest overtaking Japan and Russia. According to statistical data available by energy planning commission govt. of India. Indias Primary commercial energy consumption in 2004 stood 375.8 mtoe(million tones oil equivalent); and it would be become double to 812 mtoe within ten to twenty years that does not include 66% hike in traditional household consumptions. This demands that we seriously plan and execute energy-producing projects without any further delay. If we fail on this front then our economy will be hit badly and all our calculations about our growth rate could go haywire. For developing energy one can have renewable and non-renewable resources. India is producing electricity from primary non-renewable resources such as fossil fuels; i.e 56% from coal, 10% from gas 1%from oil the rest comes from hydro electric plants 25% and 3% from nuclear power station and 5% is contributed from renewable resources such as bio-fuel, biomass, solar, tidal, and wind .Production of energy frequently contains an element of conflict between ecological and economic concern. With the usage of fusil fuels, pollution in large urban metros has resulted in great demand for alternative with low emission as per internationally accepted norms. RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES A renewable energy source is an important element of Indias power policy, to meet the need of an environmentally friendly power to remote areas. India has vast potential for renewable energy ,especially in areas such as solar power, biomass, wind power and geothermal power .The current installed capacity of renewable energy is around 7100MW constituting 6% of Indias total generation capacity. As ministry of non-conventional energy sources has set an objective of achieving an installed renewable capacity of 10000MW by 2012.Certain form of renewable energy sources viz-wind energy, small hydro and biomass have established a strong presence in India in the energy landscape. With an installed capacity of around 4400MW of wind base power generation, India is fourth largest wind power generator in the world. India ranks second in the world with an installation base of 3.8 million biogas plants. Some state governments have provided lot of encouragement for renewable, such as Bio-Diesel for which cultivation of crops such as Jatropha has been encouraged on large scale. In all these exercise, we have overlooked the utilization of another very important source of clean and renewable source of energy that our planet is gifted with. This is geothermal energy. India should focus on the characteristics of those energy source and ways and means of tapping it for commercial purpose. 82

International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET), ISSN 0976 6480(Print), ISSN 0976 6499(Online) Volume 4, Issue 2, March April (2013), IAEME

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY Geothermal energy is the use of steam and hot water generated by heat from the Earth to perform work. Some geothermal power plants use steam or hot water from a natural underground reservoir to power a generator. The heat of the earth's interior generates damaging and polluting the environment. Earths temperature increases gradually with depth, at the center reaching more than 42000 C (76000F) .As heat naturally moves from hotter to cooler regions, so earths heat flows along a geothermal gradient from the surface, where an estimated 42 trillion thermal watts are continually radiated into space. The Bulk of this immense heat supply cannot be particularly captured, because it arrives at the surface at a low temperature. Fortunately, the fundamental geological process known as plate tectonics ensures that some of this heat is concentrated at temperature and depths favorable for its commercial extraction. INITIATIVE BY INDIAN GOVERNMENT The National Geophysical Research Institute (NGRI), Hyderabad, has conducted magneto-telluric investigations in Tattapani Geothermal fields in Chhatisgarh to identify subsurface geological structures to evaluate its energy and thermal potential. Based on the promising results obtained during the investigations, it is planned to develop the site for power generation. A similar study has been carried out through NGRI in Puga Geothermal Fields in Ladakh region of Jammu & Kashmir and the site is planned to be developed for power generation. There are other organizations working on those development. ORGANIZATIONS WORKING ON GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

Central Electricity Authority Geological Survey of India Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai Regional Research Laboratory, Jammu National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad Oil and Natural Gas Corporation, Dehradun National Hydro-electric Power Corporation

CONCLUSION India has high scope in utilizing its geothermal resources . Indias ministry of non conventional energy and other geo research centers may pay their attentions towards these renewable resources of clean energy. They can plan for allocating sufficient funds for development and research of technology for usage of those resources effectively. Geothermal energy is plentiful, eco-friendly, clean, reliable and renewable energy alternative resources available at beneath of our feet. Only it needs to extract and convert it in to clean energy. India has tapped only few percent of these resources, it needs to put efforts and allocate fund for development of the technology to avoid future energy crises.

83

International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET), ISSN 0976 6480(Print), ISSN 0976 6499(Online) Volume 4, Issue 2, March April (2013), IAEME

REFERENCES [1] IEA Energy technology prospective 2010 [2] BP Statistical Review of World Energy BP 2011 [3] Planning Commission Report Government of India 2006 [4] Indian energy out- look , Energy and Natural Resources [5] Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2000, by D.Chandrashekharan, [6] IIT,Mumbai .Geothermal resources of India. [7] The Brooking ,Foreign Policy Studies ,Energy Security Series India by-Tanvi Madan [8] U.S.Dept.Of Energy ,Washington

84