3ALCS Abstract

3
rd
Asian Lepidoptera Conservation Symposium and Training Programme
2 5 - 2 9 O c t o b e r, 2 0 1 0 Coimbatore, India
ZOO OUTREACH ORGANISATION
Photo by Cyril Rufus
3 AsianLepidopteraConservation SymposiumandTrainingProgramme
3ALCS2010
2529October,2010 Coimbatore,India
DepartmentofZoology,BharathiarUniversity,Coimbatore,India SouthAsianInvertebrateSpecialistGroup(SAsISG)IUCNSSC ZooOutreachOrganisation(ZOO) WildlifeInformationLiaisonDevelopment(WILD)
rd
Published by: Zoo Outreach Organisation PB 1683, Peelamedu, Coimbatore 641 004, Tamil Nadu, India Ph: 91 422 256 1087; Fax: 91 422 256 3269 Email: zooreach@zooreach.org Web: www.zooreach.org Copyright: Zoo Outreach Organisation, 2010
SPONSORS
DepartmentofBiotechnology(DBT) DepartmentofScienceandTechnology(DST) CouncilofScienceandIndustrialResearch(CSIR) Catalysed&supportedbyTamilNaduStateCouncilforScienceandTechnology, GovernmentofTamilNadu(TNSCST) DefenceResearchandDevelopmentOrganization(DRDO) KadoorieFarm&BotanicGarden(KFBG),HongKong ConservationBreedingSpecialistGroup(CBSG),USA ChesterZoo,UK ZoologicalSocietyofLondon(ZSL),UK TheWoodwardFamily,HongKong AndrewHardacre,HongKong MarkSterling,HongKong
Ms. Sall ly Walker Founder r / Hon. Dir rector Zoo Outreach Orga anisation Peelame edu Coimbat tore 641 00 04 Tamil Nadu, N India a
M MESSAG E
e to know that the Inver rtebrate Spe ecialist Group, South A Asia, Chaire ed by Dr. It is my great pleasure l is hosting the 3rd Asia an Lepidoptera Conservation Sym mposium an nd Training at a B.A. Daniel Bharathiar University in Coimbato ore India this week in our o city of Coimbatore. It is wonde erful that sium attract ted so many y participan nts from so many countries and so o many colla aborators, the Sympos including se everal from our office itself.
s that previo ous commit tments and family resp ponsibilities have preve ented me fro om It is my loss attending, but b all partic cipants and all butterflies (!) are in n my though hts today. It t is a very proud p day when Zoo Outreach O O Organisation n can be par rt of an international invertebrate s symposium and I hope e this is first of o many.
m best love e and strong gest encour ragement fo or this symp posium and your resea arch and all You have my the good th hings that will w undoubte ed follow fro om this uniq que event in n Coimbator re.
Coimbator re Date: 21-10 0-2010
Dr. P. Thirumalvalavan Registrar Bharathiar University Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
Dr. S. Manian Director, School of Life sciences Bharathiar University Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
MESSAGE
It gives me immense pleasure to know that the Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University is organizing the 3rd Asian Lepidoptera Conservation Symposium and Training during 25 29 October, 2010 at University campus and bringing out a souvenir to commemorate the occasion.
Human activity has changed the natural forces such as temperature, rainfall, carbon dioxide concentration and tropospheric ozone levels that change the climate of the earth we live in. These changes will pose serious challenges to agriculture through direct influence on crop physiology as well as indirect impact on the beneficial organisms.
The pollinators, especially members of Lepidoptera, have an important role to play in agriculture and forestry. I trust and believe that the symposium on the conservation of Lepidoptera will focus on the impact of global warming and habitat destruction on the biodiversity of this important group and help in developing a road map enhancing professional excellence in their effective management.
I convey my appreciation to Dr. C. Gunasekaran, the Organizing Secretary of the Symposium and my best wishes to the successes of the deliberations.
Coimbatore Date: 21-10-2010
Dr. K. Sasikala Professor and Head Department of Zoology School of Life Sciences Bharathiar University Coimbatore 641 046 Tamil Nadu, India
MESSAGE
This has been a remarkable and achievement-filled year for the department and the university. On behalf of the Organising Committee, it gives me great pleasure to welcome you all to the 3rd ASIAN LEPIDOPTERA CONSERVATION SYMPOSIUM Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India from 25th - 29th October, 2010. This symposium is being organized once in every year and this year it is our privilege to organize the 3rd ASIAN LEPIDOPTERA CONSERVATION SYMPOSIUM in our university campus.
Economic growth in urban areas is often associated with increasing demand for natural resources at the regional and global levels. Urban processes and their impacts have the potential to disrupt ecological functions both close to and at a distance from the urban core. The symposia will explore the effects of interacting urban processes on biodiversity and habitat conservation through analytical papers covering ecological footprints of urban areas, ecosystem services and their benefits, urbanbased conservation efforts, and the links to a sustainability transition.
Overall, we are privileged to have many eminent scientists participating in our program this year.
On this occasion, I extent my warmest greetings to my younger colleague Dr. C. GUNASEKARAN for his sincere efforts to organize this symposia. My best wishes for the success for the programme.
Coimbatore Date: 21-10-2010
Dr. B.A. Daniel Scientist, Zoo Outreach Oorganisation Chair, South Asian Invertebrate Specialist Group, IUCN SSC Peelamedu, Coimbatore - 641 004 Tamil Nadu, India
Dr. Gunasekaran Assistant Professor Department of Zoology Bharathiar University Coimbatore - 641 046 Tamil Nadu, India
MESSAGE
Message from Organising secretaries Welcome to all delegates of the 3rd Asian Lepidoptera Conservation Symposium and Training Programme. We are extremely happy to jointly host this event in Coimbatore, India which is organized by IUCN SSC South Asian Invertebrate Specialist Group (SAsISG), Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Zoo Outreach Organisation (ZOO) and Wildlife Information Liaison Development (WILD) in collaboration with invertebrate conservation groups, research organizations, universities and institutes as well as non-government organizations that work on conservation biology across Asia. United Nations proclaimed 2010 to be International year of biodiversity. People all over the world are working to safeguard this irreplaceable natural wealth and reduce biodiversity loss where in moths and butterflies are part of it and hence we feel that this symposium cum training programme is appropriate at this point of time to conserve Lepidoptera species. In response to our call for the theme Local community conservation meeting Asian Lepidoptera conservation needs, we have received about 100 abstracts for the presentation from 8 countries and 14 States across India. The presentation will address the urgent requirements for the conservation of Lepidoptera in Asia and the presentation themes would cover topics related to investigating the use of iconic / endemic flagship Lepidoptera species to promote habitat conservation through community involvement; assess priority areas / communities for Lepidoptera conservation initiatives at the local level that has global conservation impact; provide tools for species status assessment; train participants in moth and butterfly identification skills; explore aspects of moth and butterfly conservation ecology, management and needs; and promote public education featuring these useful and charismatic insects. The highlight of this five day event is the training component focusing more on future research requirements that will promote Lepidoptera conservation in this region. We are sure that this training will be of much useful for researchers involved in moth and butterfly conservation. This Symposium is sponsored by DST, DBT, CSIR, TNSCST, DRDO, KFBG, CBSG, Chester Zoo UK, and ZSL. We would like to express our sincere thanks to them for sponsoring this important international symposium. The support from Dr. C. Swaminathan, Vice-Chancellor, Bharathiar University, Dr. K. Sasikala, all the staff members of Department of Zoology, and organizing committee members are greatly acknowledged. We would like to thank Sally Walker, Founder / Hon. Director and Sanjay Molur, Executive Director, Zoo Outreach Organisation for their constant encouragement guidance and all staff members of ZOO for rendering their help while planning this symposium. We wish you a pleasant stay during 3ALCS-2010 in Coimbatore. Coimbatore Date: 21-10-2010
3ALCS2010
2529Oct2010,Coimbatore,TamilNadu,India
THEMEOF3ALCS2010
"LocalcommunityconservationmeetingAsian Lepidopteraconservationneeds"

Thekeyareasof3rdALCSareto: investigatetheuseoficonic/endemicflagshipLepidoptera speciestopromotehabitatconservationthroughcommunity involvement; assesspriorityareas/communitiesforLepidopteraconservation initiativesatthelocallevelthathasglobalconservationimpact; providetoolsforspeciesstatusassessment; trainparticipantsinmothandbutterflyidentificationskills exploreaspectsofmothandbutterflyconservationecology, managementandneeds;and promotepubliceducationfeaturingtheseusefulandcharismatic insects.
3ALCS2010
TABLEOFCONTENTS AbstractsOralPresentation
001 002 LaunchingandsteeringflagshipLepidopteraforconservationbenefit
T.R.New
Monitoring,conservingandmanagingmothpopulations:avarietyoftechniquesand casehistories
PaulWaring
003
ProcessesinvolvedinassessingprioritiesforlocallevelLepidopteraconservation programmesthataimtoachieveglobalconservationimpact
RogerC.Kendrick
004 011
DiversityandFaunaofButterfliesinMt.BaxianStateNatureReserves
HouhunLiandBingbingHu
Wendlandiatinctoria(Roxb.)DC.(Rubiaceae),akeynectarsourceforadultbutterflies duringsummerseasonintheSouthernEasternGhats,AndhraPradesh
A.J.SolomonRaju,K.VenkataRamanaandP.VaraLakshmi
012 013 014
EcologicalimpactonbutterflyfaunainurbanhabitatsofBangalore,Karnataka
Venkatesha,M.G.andShashikumar,L.
ButterflyfaunaldiversitypatternsinurbanhabitatsofBangalore,Karnataka
Shashikumar,L.andM.G.Venkatesha
Predatorycapacityofhomopterophagousbutterfly,Spalgisepius(Westwood) (Lepidoptera:Lycaenidae)onmealybugs,Planococcuscitri(Risso)(Homoptera: Pseudococcidae)

Dinesh,A.S.andM.G.Venkatesha
015
AnadditionalchecklistofbutterfliesinthecampusofJahangirnagarUniversity Bangladesh
Md.MonwarHossain
016
AnassessmentofbutterflydiversityintheimpactzoneofwinterSAFgamesareainAuli Bugyal,Joshimath,Uttarakhand
ShubhiMalik,V.P.UniyalandSmitaChaudhry
017
Butterfliesasindicatorsofsustainabilityinthenaturalecosystemwithspecialreference tohighaltitude(HimachalPradeshandJammu&Kashmir)
AvtarKaurSidhu
018
ButterflydiversityinfragmentedforestsofWesternGhats,India:Theroleofsacred grovesandcoffeeagroecosystems
Shivani
019
Invasionoftropicalbutterfliesintothesubtropicsinresponsetoclimatechange:acase studyinTaiwan
YuFengFrankHsu
3ALCS2010
020 021 022
MothdiversityofTawangDistrict,ArunachalPradesh,India
KailashChandraandS.Sambath
StudyonthebiodiversityofbutterfliesandtheircurrentstatusinCentralNepal
B.Khanal,M.K.ChaliseandG.S.Solanki
ThreatstotheNationalbutterflyTriodusdarsiusGray(Lepidoptera:Papilionidae)ofSri Lankaandpossibilitiesofcommunityparticipationinitsconservation
R.G.S.TharangaAluthwattha
023
Evaluationofconservationstatusofbutterflycommunitiesintropicallowland evergreenforestofupperBrahmaputravalley,withspecialreferencetotheJokai ReserveForest,Assam,NorthEasternIndia

R.R.Tariang,D.S.,Bora
024
MonitoringoftheRajahBrookesBirdwing,Trogonopterabrookianaalbescens (Papilionidae),usingdigitalimagesofpuddlingbutterflies
ChooiKhimPhonandLaurenceG.Kirton
025 026
SeasonaldynamicsofbutterflypopulationinDAEcampus,Kalpakkam
K.JahirHussain,T.Ramesh,M.SelvanayagamandK.K.Satpathy
PatternsindiversityanddistributionofbutterflyassemblagesinTonsValley, Uttarakhand,WesternHimalaya
ManishBhardwaj,V.P.Uniyal,ArunP.SinghandAbeshK.Sanyal
027
Diversity,distributionpatternandseasonalvariationinmothassemblagesalong altitudinalgradientinGangotriLandscapeArea,WesternHimalaya,Uttarakhand
AbeshKumarSanyal,V.P.Uniyal,KailashChandraandManishBhardwaj
028
Effectofforestdisturbanceonrainforestbutterflies:acasestudyfromSilentValley NationalPark,Kerala
C.F.BinoyandGeorgeMathew
029
ActiveEnvironmentalEducationforButterflyconservationformiddleschoolstudentsin PuducherrySchools,India
R.AlexandarandG.Poyyamoli
030 031 032 033 034
PrioritizationoftheregionsforconservationofbutterfliesofWesternGhats
AnandPadhye,NeeleshDahanukarandSheetalShelke
Roleofbutterflygardensinenvironmentaleducationandconservation
GeorgeMathewandMaryAnto
Birdwingbutterfliesasflagshipspeciesforinvertebrateconservation
MaryAnto
ButterfliesofKeralaUniversityCampus,Thiruvananthapuram,Kerala
G.Prasad,PrathibhakumariP.V.andLizbyA.Mathews
DiversityofbutterfliesinGreatNicobarBiosphereReserve(GNBR),A&NIslands
C.Sivaperuman,SureshKumarShahandC.Raghunathan
3ALCS2010
035 036
StudiesonlifecycleofPapiliodemoleus(linnaeus)onCitrusmedica
NabanitaDas,PrarthanaMudai,M.Bhuyan,P.R.Bhattacharya
AstudyofbutterflyspeciesdiversityinandaroundhotspringofGarampaniWildlife Sanctuary,KarbiAnglong,Assamincontexttoecotourism
NabanitaDas,RidipChoudhury,PrarthanaMudai,JitenMech,SangitaBorthakur,PallabiBordoloi,M. BhuyanandP.R.Bhattacharyya
037
ButterflyfaunaoftheMahatmaGandhiuniversitycampus,Keralaandthestrategies adoptedforitsconservation
TomsAugustine,S.PrasanthNarayanan,BabuPadmakumar,V.ArunBabu,N.D.Jaisen,JobyPaul,M.Deepa, JishaKurian,K.K.Jayasooryan,J.Ranjini,RathyChandran,P.N.Sreejith,G.ChristopherandA.P.Thomas
038
LepidopteraResearchtoPromoteaCommunityEcotourismInitiativeinEaglenest Sanctuary,ArunachalPradesh
SanjaySondhi,RamanaAthreya
039 040
DNAbarcodingofgenusEurema(Family:Pieridae)fromWesternGhats
GaikwadS.S.,GhateH.V.,GhaskadbiS.S.,ShoucheY.S.
DiversityofSwallowtail(Lepidoptera:Papilionidae)butterfliesinGautalaWildlife SanctuaryofMaharashtra
R.K.Nimbalkar,S.S.Shinde,D.S.TawarandS.P.Muley
041
ButterfliesDiversityofTadobaAndhariTigerReserveForestinChandrapurDistrictof Maharashtra
D.D.Barsagade,A.M.Khurad,M.S.Munir,S.S.KhadakkarandS.K.Channe
042 043
CitizenscienceaconservationtoolforLepidopteranstudiesinMaharashtra
V.Shubhalaxmi
ButterflyDiversityinRelationtoNectarFoodPlantsfromBhorTahsil,PuneDistrict Maharashtra
Nimbalkar,R.K.,Chandekar,S.K.&Khunte,S.P.
045 046
Documentation,monitoringandconservationofbutterflyfaunainCoastalKarnataka
Chakravarthy,A.K.,Shashank,P.R.,andDoddabasappa,B.
InfectionstatusofWolbachiasupergroupinsomecommonlyavailablebutterfliesof IndiaandfemalebiasedsexratioobservedinRedPierrot(Talicadanyseus)which harborstheinfection

KunalAnkolaandPuttarajuH.P.
047
DiversityofButterflySpeciesAbundanceInWesternGhats,Kerala P.V.VineethaandK.Revathi
048
ButterflydiversityintheecoforestandadjoiningareasofAssamUniversitycampus, Silchar,Assam
P.ChoudhuryandS.Changmai
3ALCS2010
049
MalematelocationbehaviourandencountersitesofCentralIndianbutterflies: Influenceoftaxonomy,biotopes,landscapestructures,resources,morphology,and populationvariables

AshishDTiple,SonaliVPadwadandRogerLHDennis
050 051
InteractionofLepidopterawiththeFloraofMandapamGroupofIslands
JulietVanitharani,C.Shanmugapriya,B.KavithaBharathi,andI.VijiMargaret
Hostplantdiversityofbutterfliesandmothsandtheirconservationstratgetiesin WesternGhats,SouthernIndia
MuruganK.
052
Studyonseasonalabundanceandspeciesdiversityofbutterfliesamongselectedfour trailsinKiralakellewetlandinMataraDistrict
W.M.C.D.Wijekoon,C.N.L.BogahawatteandH.C.E.Wegiriya
053
DiversityandConservationstatusofButterfliesinReverstonKnucklesMassifofSri Lanka
P.IndikaPeabotuwage,D.P.K.Siriwardena,MaheshSuraweera,SolMogollonesBarrera
054
Themoths(Lepidopters:Heterocera)ofNorthMaharashtra:apreliminarychecklistof mothfauna
SachinA.Gurule,SantoshM.Nikam,AgnesJ.KharatandArjunS.Gurule
055
ApreliminarysurveyontheConstellationofsemiaquaticlepidopteransofhillstreams ofsouthernWesternGhats
S.Dinakaran
056 057
Diversity,endemismandconservationofIndianbutterflies
KrushnameghKunte
PhylogeneticinferenceofLepidopteraforconservationbiology M.Jeyam,P.Ravikumar,G.Shalini,M.SharanyaandP.Keerthipriya
058
SpeciesInformationService(SIS):Webbasedspeciesmanagementtool SanjayMolurandB.A.Daniel
3ALCS2010
AbstractsPosterPresentation
201 EffectoftemperatureonthedevelopmentalstagesofthepredatorybutterflySpalgis epius(Westwood)(Lepidoptera:Lycaenidae)
202
Flightpatternsandbehaviourofvariousbutterflyspeciesinurbanhabitatsof Bangalore,Karnataka
203
Biology,behaviourandconservationofpredatorybutterflySpalgisepius(Westwood) (Lepidoptera:Lycaenidae)
Venkatesha,M.G.andA.S.Dinesh
204
Chromolaenaodorata(L.)King&H.E.Robins(Asteraceae),animportantnectarsource foradultbutterflies
P.VaraLakshmiandA.J.SolomonRaju
205
PopulationVariationsAmongSwallowtailButterfliesAtBishopHeberCollege, Tiruchirappalli,TamilNadu
Carlton.R,A.DaisyCaroline,A.Relton,G.GlennyJocelyn
206 207
StudyofLepidopterainSriLanka:Pastpresentandfutureaspects
Wildtasarsilkworm,A.mylittaecoraceBhandara(Lepidoptera:Saturniidae)an endemicspecies:NeedofConservation
D.D.Barsagade,S.A.Gharade,H.M.Meshram,M.P.ThakreandG.B.Gathalkar
208
Effectsofenvironmentalfactorsanddiseasesonbiologyofthewildtasarsilkworm, Antheraeamylitta(D).EcoraceBhandara(Lepidoptera:Saturniidae)inVidarbha
D.D.Barsagade,S.A.Gharade,H.M.Meshram,M.P.Thakre,M.P.DharandG.B.Gathalkar
209
SurfaceultrastructuralandEDAXstudiesontheeggshellofEriSilkwormPhilosamia ricini(Lepidoptera:Saturniidae)
D.D.Barsagade,M.P.Thakre,H.M.MeshramandM.Madankar
210
Silkglanddevelopmentandsilkproteinsynthesisinthetropicaltasarsilkworm Antheraeamylitta(D)(Lepidoptera:Saturniidae)
D.D.Barsagade,S.A.GharadeandM.P.Dhar
211 212
BiodiversityOfButterfliesInSelectedAreasOfVirudhunagarDistrict
Bakavathiappan,Ga.,Pavaraj,M.andS.Baskaran
SeasonalandrelativeabundanceofbutterfliesinascrubjunglehabitatofPeraiyur taluk,Maduraidistrict,TamilNadu
AlagumuruganC.,PavarajM.,andM.K.Rajan
213
ButterflySpeciesDiversityOfTropicalForestResearchInstitute,Jabalpur,Madhya Pradesh
AshishD.Tiple,K.C.Joshi,SanjayPaunikarandNitinKulkarni
3ALCS2010
214
Toolsandteachingmethodsforeducatingtargetgroupsonbutterfliesinanurban wetlandrestorationsiteatChennai
K.CyrilRufus,PrestonAhimaz
215 216
BiosystematicsofConogethespunctiferalis(Guenee)infestingcastorandcardamom
ShashankP.R.,B.DoddabasappaandA.K.Chakravarthy
Biosystematics,HostrangeandDistributionofthePodborer,AdisuraatkinsoniMoore (Noctuidae:Lepidoptera)
DoddabasappaB.,ShashankP.R.,YathishK.R.andChakravarthyA.K.
217
FaunasticStudiesOnSmallerMoths(Insecta:Microlepidoptera)ofWesternGhats, Kerala
R.S.M.Shamsudeen
218
ComparisonbetweenisolatedDNAfromfreshandovendriedpreservedspecimensof Catopsillapyranthe
Kharwar.A.S.,Magdum.S.,Patil.R.,Sandhan.A.
219 220
NativeLarvalfoodPlantsforButterfliesinJamshedpur,Jharkhand
S.K.Mahato,SeemaRani
Doesmimicevolveearlierthanmodel?Acasestudybasedonalepidopteranmimicry complexpredominantlydistributedinIndiaandSEAsia
ChiaHsuanWei,LiWeiWu,FrankYuFengHsu,ShenHornYen
221 222 223 224
Caterpillarsoutofwater:theoriginofterrestrialAcentropinemoths
LiChengShih,ShenHornYen
SpeciesdiversityofbutterfliesaroundAurangabad,Maharashtra
SarafS.A.&ShindeS.S.
ImportanceofNectarSourcesinConservingButterflyDiversityinUrbanLandscapes
KrutiChhaya,NehaMujumdar,PrachiMhaske,RishikeshPatilandAnkurPatwardhan
HabitatPreferenceandtheeffectofsmallscaledisturbanceondistributionofbutterfly faunainandaroundGauhatiUniversityCampus,Guwahati,Assam
KuladipSarma,BidyutBikashSharma,KripaljyotiMazumdar,BhriguPrasadSaikia
225
Evolutionaryconservationofhemocyticimmuneresponsesinsomesericigenousand nonsericigenouslepidopteroninsects
J.P.Pandey,R.K.Tiwari,SuyogPandey,P.K.Mishra,DineshKumar,B.M.K.SinghA.K.Sinha&B.C.Prasad
226
Assessingcurrentpopulationsandconservationprioritiesforrare,endangeredand legallyprotectedbutterflyspeciesinSikkim,easternHimalaya,India
KrushnameghKunte
227
ButterflydiversityinagriculturallandscapesofShervarayanhillsEasternGhats,South India
M.Lena,G.Shobana,A.AgnesDeepa,andC.Gunasekaran
228
DiversityofbutterfliesinSiruvanihills,WesternGhats,SouthIndia
G.Shobana,M.Lena,A.AgnesDeepa,andC.Gunasekaran
3ALCS2010
229
ButterflyDiversityinThoppayarReservoir,DharmapuriDistrict(EasternGhat),Tamil Nadu,SouthIndia
Elanchezhian.M,GunasekaranC.,Ezhili.N,andThirumathal.K
230 231
Fascinatingworldofbutterflydiversityandecofriendlycommercialization
AgnesKharat,S.M.Nikam,SachinGurule,JaisingDarekarandS.P.Thorat
Comparativestudiesonimpactofurbanizationanddiversityandspeciesabundanceof butterfliesinandaroundCoonoorCity,TheNilgiris
P.MohanaandC.Gunasekaran
232
Roadkilledbutterfliesandhighwaymonitoringmolecularidentificationdanaus butterflies(Lepidoptera:Nymphalidae)basedupondataformmitochondrialDNA
Vadivalagan,C.,Gunasekaran,C.andM.Salahudeen
Workshops UnderstandingWingedfriendsthroughPuppets
Bhanumathi,R.
3ALCS2010
ABSTRACTS ORALPRESENTATION
3ALCS2010
ABSTRACTSORALPRESENTATION
001 LaunchingandsteeringflagshipLepidopteraforconservationbenefit
T.R.New
DepartmentofZoology,LaTrobeUniversity,Melbourne,Victoria,Australia T.New@latrobe.edu.au
Lepidoptera,particularlybutterfliesandsomelargermoths,areparamountamongstinsectstargetedforconservation, reflectingboththeirpopularityandtherelativelyhighlevelsofinformationavailabletofocusconservation management.Theyarethuspotentflagships,ambassadorsforinsectconservation,andcanhelptopublicisetheneeds forhabitatandresourceprotectionandthevaluesofinvertebratestoecosystems.Iprovideanoverviewofthe relevantissuesinselectingandpromotingflagshipspecies,andhowlocalcommunitysupportforconservationmaybe encouraged.Themajorthemesnotedare(1)themeaning,roles,andselectionofflagshipspecies;(2)howtheiruse maybepromotedthroughcommunityparticipation;and(3)howflagshipLepidopteramaybeusedtoconserve habitatsandcriticalresources.Thepotentialforexpandingthevarietyofflagshipinsects(bothwithinandacrossmajor taxa)isdiscussed,andseveralAustraliancasehistories(forflagshipspeciesofLycaenidae,PapilionidaeandCastniidae) demonstratehowindividualLepidopterahavebeenpromotedandintegratedintowiderconservationperspectives throughlocalcommunitysupport,withoutwhichtheconservationprogrammescouldnotproceedeffectively.The rolesofflagshipsatlocal,regionalandnationallevelsareoutlined,andtheircentralrolesinpromotinginsect conservationendorsed.Carefullyselectedandsupportedindividualflagshipspecieshaveenduringimportanceinthe developmentofinsectconservation.
002 Monitoring,conservingandmanagingmothpopulations:avarietyof techniquesandcasehistories

PaulWaring
CentreforEnvironment&RuralAffairs(CERA),WrittleCollege,Essex,UK paul_waring@btinternet.com
Theauthordrawsuponthirtyyearsofpracticalexperienceinmothconservation,bothinEuropeandinthetropics,to illustratehowcommonconservationproblemshavebeenaddressedinordertoconservebothentiremothfaunasand individualendangeredspeciesofmoths.Thefirstproblemistodefineprioritiesforconservation.Thebroadbrush approach,aswithmanyinvertebratetaxa,istoaimtoconservearepresentativeselectionofalltheconstituent habitatsinazoogeographicalregionandhopethatallthedependentspeciesofmothsareconservedsomewherein themix.Thisisthesoleapproachinmostcountriesintheworld.Systematicmonitoringofrareandendangered speciesintheUKshowsthatthisapproachiscertainlynot100%successful.TheUKbenefitsfromhavinggood identificationworksfortheentiremothfaunaofjustover2500speciesandanationalnetworkofsomethousandsof skilledmothobservers.Themajorityoftheseobserversarefamiliarwiththebasicecologicalrequirementsandnational distributionsofthelargermoths(macromoths)atleastsome950speciesintheBritishIsles.Theseobservershelpto detectandrecordchangesintheabundanceanddistributionofmothsandhavedonesoforovertwohundredyears. Someofthemostpopularmonitoringtechniquesaredescribed.Incombinationwiththenetworkofaboutone hundredlighttrapsoperatedthroughoutBritainbytheworldfamousRothamstedInsectSurvey,theresultsofallthis recordingshowdeclinesforsomespeciesofover95%innumbersandalsomajorcontractionsofdistribution.TheUK hasalsohadsincethe1940sanationalnetworkofsomethousandsofnaturereserves,setupwiththeaimof protectingarepresentativesampleofallhabitats.Therearemanyexamplesinwhichthedeclinesofmothshavebeen asevidentonthesenaturereservesandinotherprotectedareasaselsewhere.Furthermorethereareagrowing numberofexamplesinwhichrarespecieshavebeenlostentirelyfromthenationalnetworkofreserves,andinsome casesentirelyfromtheBritishIsles.Insomecasesstudiesshowthatlocalandevennationalextinctionshavebeenthe resultofhabitatmanagement,orlackofit,byconservationagenciesandothers.Examplesinwhichmothshavebeen successfullyconservedarealsoprovided.Insomeoftheseexamplesseveredeclinesinnumbershavebeenreversed andbreedinghabitatextendedinarea.
10
3ALCS2010
Theauthorthenprovidessomeexamplesofthemonitoring,managementandconservationofmoths,bothdeliberate andfortuitous,fromotherpartsoftheworld,withparticularemphasisonexamplesfromthetropicsandsubtropics withwhichhehaspersonalexperience.
003 ProcessesinvolvedinassessingprioritiesforlocallevelLepidoptera conservationprogrammesthataimtoachieveglobalconservationimpact

RogerC.Kendrick
SeniorOfficer(p/t),KadoorieFarm&BotanicGarden,LamKamRoad,TaiPo,NewTerritories,HongKongS.A.R.,China. moths@kfbg.org
IdentifyingviableconservationprojectsforLepidopterathattargetthreatenedspeciesdependsuponeffective identificationandexecutionofasequenceofevents.Thisprocessrequiresinformationgatheringandanalysis, stakeholderdiscussionandlocalcommunityinvolvement,planning,action,monitoringandreview. Publishedworkingexamplesfromfourcontinentsaredrawnupontoillustrateallthekeystages,focusingonmethods foridentifyingpriorityareas(complementarity,biodiversityhotspots,habitatdistribution,irreplaceability)for conservingthreatenedLepidoptera,whilstconsideringotherconservationissues.Thepaperalsosuggestsaframework toaidtheconservationmanageridentifykeyareasofaLepidopteraconservationproject.
004 DiversityandFaunaofButterfliesinMt.BaxianStateNatureReserves
HouhunLiandBingbingHu
CollegeofLifeSciences,NankaiUniversity,Tianjin300071,P.R.China lihouhun@nankai.edu.cn
MountainBaxianlocatedatnorthofTianjinnearBeijing,comprizesseveralmountains.Itis8.7kmfromeasttowest and10.8kmfromsouthtonorth.Thealtituderangesfrom500to800m,andthepeak,Juxianfengis1052m.The butterflyspeciesinMt.BaxianStateNatureReservesofTianjinwasstudiedbasedonthecollectioninfivesamples:(a) Xiaogang,(b)ShanmenTaipingGou,(c)ShanmenZhandao,(d)ShanmenXianguSpringand(e)Xiangu SpringMing'anliang.Atotalof2218butterflyspecimenswerecollected,ofwhich88speciesin56generaunder8 familieswereidentified.Nymphalidaewasthedominantfamily,withthemostspeciesnumber(35)andindividuals (784);ParnassiidaeandLibytheidaecontainonlyonespecieseach,whichwasregardedastherarespecies.The diversityindex,thespecificrichness,thedominanceindex,theevennessindexandthesimilaritycoefficientofthefive habitatswerecalculatedandanalyzed. Theresultsshowedthatthechangeoftheenvironmentalqualityinfluencedthediversityofbutterflyremarkably.The greatertheinfluenceofhumanactivityontheenvironmentandforestvegetation,thelowerthediversityindexofthe butterflywas.Inhabitat(d),thefavorableenvironmentalqualityledtothemoststableanddiverseplantcommunity, whichwasfitforbutterfliestoexistandbreed.Sothediversityindexandthespecificrichnesswerethegreatest,but thedominanceindexwasthelowest.Inhabitat(a),thesimpleplantcommunityresultedintherelativelypoor environmentalquality,wherethediversityindex,thespecificrichnessandevennessindexwerethelowest,butthe dominanceindexwasthehighest.Thediversityindexinhabitat(e)waslowerthanthatinhabitat(d)and(c),which accordedwiththeintermediatedisturbancehypothesis.Therefore,wesuggestthattheAdministrativeBureauof BaxianMountainReservesshouldrestoreandimprovetheenvironmentalquality,exploittourismreasonably,and exploitandutilizethebutterflyresourcesmoderately,sothattheendangeredandrarespeciescanbeprotected effectively. Thepreliminaryanalysisofourmaterialalsorevealedthatthepercentageofthewidelydistributedspecies,the PalearcticspeciesandtheOrientalspecieswas56.82%,35.23%and7.95%respectivelyinMt.BaxianStateNature Reserves,thewidelydistributedspecieswereabsolutelydominant,andthePalearcticspecieswereobviouslymore thantheOrientalspecies.
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011 Wendlandiatinctoria(Roxb.)DC.(Rubiaceae),akeynectarsourceforadult butterfliesduringsummerseasonintheSouthernEasternGhats,Andhra Pradesh

A.J.SolomonRaju,K.VenkataRamanaandP.VaraLakshmi
DepartmentofEnvironmentalSciences,AndhraUniversity,Visakhapatnam ajsraju@yahoo.com
Wendlandiatinctoriaisasemievergreentreespecies.ItshowsmassivefloweringforaboutamonthduringMarch April.Thefloralcharacteristicssuchaswhitecolouroftheflower,lackofodour,shorttubedcorollawithdeepseated nectarhaving1518%sugarconcentrationarewelltailoredforvisitationbybutterflies.Thenectarishexoserichand containstheessentialaminoacidssuchasarginineandhistidineandthenonessentialaminoacidssuchasalanine, asparticacid,cysteine,glysine,hydroxyproline,tyrosine,glutamicacidandserine.Theinflorescenceswithclustersof flowersprovideexcellentplatformforforagingbybutterflies.Theflowersarelonglivedandenhanceattractivityto butterflies.Avarietyofbutterfliesvisittheflowersfornectarandindoingso,theypollinatethem.Nymphalidsare verydiverseandutilizetheflowersuntilexhausted.Theflowersbeingsmallinsizewithasmallamountofnectar compelthebutterfliestodoamorelaborioussearchfornectarfromagreaternumberofflowers.But,theclustered stateofflowersisenergeticallyprofitableforbutterfliestoreducesearchtimeandalsoflighttimetocollectagood amountofnectar;suchaprobingbehaviourisadvantageousfortheplanttoachieveselfandcrosspollination. Therefore,thestudyshowsthattheassociationbetweenW.tinctoriaandbutterfliesismutualisticandsuchan associationisreferredtoaspsychophilous.Thisplantservesasakeynectarsourceforbutterfliesatthestudysite wherefloralnectarsourcesarescarceduringsummerseason.
012 EcologicalimpactonbutterflyfaunainurbanhabitatsofBangalore, Karnataka

Venkatesha,M.G.andShashikumar,L.
DepartmentofZoology,BangaloreUniversity,JnanaBharathi,Bangalore,Karnataka,India venkatmelally@gmail.com
TheecologicalimpactonbutterflyfaunaofinurbanBangaloreregionwasassessedduring200406.Thenumberof butterflyspeciespresentinbothinwinterandsummerseasonswas65(77%oftotalspecies),whichincreasedupto71 (84%)speciesinmonsoon.However,51species(60%)wereactivethroughouttheyear.Theadultsandlarvaeof variousspeciesofbutterflieswerefoundfeedingondifferentnectar/hostplantsinthefield.Afewspeciesshowedwet anddryseasonforms.ButterfliesofPapilionidae,Danaidae,PieridaeandAcraeidaefamiliesshowedalmostcontinuous andconstantpopulationtrendwhichcoincideswithmanyfloweringseasonofnectarplants,whereasLycaenidae, Nymphalidae,SatyridaeandHesperiidaeshoweddiscontinuousandhighlyfluctuatingpopulationtrends.Papilionidae andDanaidaeexhibitedsignificantpositivecorrelation(p<0.01),whereasLycaenidaeshowedsignificantnegative correlation(p<0.01)withmaximumandminimumtemperatures.Dendrogramclustersindicatedthatthespeciesof Papilionidae,DanaidaeandPieridaeweretemperaturedependentshowingsignificantpositiveaffinities,whereas speciesofAcraeidaeandNymphalidaewereshowingsignificantpositiveaffinitieswithrainandhumidity.Thestudy revealedthatweather,nectarandhostplantshaveastronginfluenceontheoccurrenceofspecificgroupsof butterfliesindifferentseasonsinvariousurbanlandscapes.
013 ButterflyfaunaldiversitypatternsinurbanhabitatsofBangalore,Karnataka
ButterflyfaunaldiversityatdifferentlandscapesofBangalorewasstudiedduring200406.Duringthestudyperiod,a totalnumberof84speciesofbutterflieswererecordedintheBangaloreregion.Nosignificantdifference(p<0.05)in butterflyfaunaldiversityandevennesswasobservedbetweenyearsaswellasamongdifferenturbanlandscapes. NymphalidaeandLycaenidaeweretherichestfamiliesindifferentregions.Similarly,Lycaenidae,Nymphalidae,
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PieridaeandDanaidaewerethemostabundantfamiliesatdifferentlandscapes.Ofthe84butterflyspecies,only20 speciesexhibitedcentpercentfrequency.Catopsiliapyranthe(Pieridae)wasthemostabundantspecies,whereas Colotiseucharis(Pieridae)istheleastabundantspeciesintheurbanhabitat.Amongrecordedbutterflyspecies, Hypolimnasmisippus,Castaliusrosiman,PolyuraathamasandPachlioptahectorareScheduleIandLampidesboeticus, CeporanerissaandPapiliobuddhaareScheduleIIspeciesasperWildlifeProtectionAct.Further,afewofthe recordedspeciesshowedsimilartrendsofpercentabundanceandfrequencylikeschedulespecies.Thedifferenturban landscapesshowedvariationsinthefamilyandspeciesabundance,richnessandpercentfrequencyofspecies.The presentinformationisusefulforplanningandimplementationofconservationmeasuresinurbanecosystem.
014 Predatorycapacityofhomopterophagousbutterfly,Spalgisepius (Westwood)(Lepidoptera:Lycaenidae)onmealybugs,Planococcuscitri (Risso)(Homoptera:Pseudococcidae)

Theapefly,Spalgisepius(Westwood)(Lepidoptera:Lycaenidae)isanuncommonhomopterophagousbutterfly.The larvalstagesofthebutterflyvoraciouslyfeedonimportantspeciesofmealybugsviz.,Planococcuscitri,P.lilacinus, Ferrisiavirgata,Maconellicoccushirsutus(Homoptera:Pseudococcidae)andothersuckingpests,whichattack economicallyimportantcropssuchascoffee,cocoa,citrus,guava,mango,mulberry,vegetables,ornamentalplants, etc.PreyingcapacityofthepredatorwasdeterminedonP.citriinthelaboratory.Duringtheeightdayslarval developmentalperiodwithfourlarvalinstarsofS.epius,itsdailypreyconsumptionwasgraduallyincreasedfromthe firsttoseventhdayanditdecreasedontheeighthdaypriortoprepupalstage.ThefirsttofourthinstarlarvaofS. epiusconsumedameanof188.3,679.1,1814.1and4482.5eggsor20,69.4,156.2and646.4nymphsor3,5.9,12.7 and30.5adultsofP.citri,respectively.AsinglelarvaofS.epiusconsumed2407.1eggs,153.6nymphsand31.7adults ofP.citriduringitsentiredevelopmentwhenthepreystageswereofferedtogether.ThestudyrevealedthatS.epiusis apotentialpredatorofP.citriandthusitcouldbeutilizedasamajorbiologicalcontrolagentofvariousspeciesof mealybugs.
015 AnadditionalchecklistofbutterfliesinthecampusofJahangirnagar UniversityBangladesh

Md.MonwarHossain
DepartmentofZoology,JahangirnagarUniversity,Savar,Dhaka,Bangladesh zona444@yahoo.com
Duringanextensivesurvey,(fromJune2009toMay2010),toupdatethestatusofbutterflyspeciesinthecampusof JahangirnagarUniversity(JU),anadditional10speciesofbutterflieswereidentified,ofwhich4arecompletelynewin therecordofthoseinBangladesh.ThenewlyrecordedspeciesareTarucusnaraKollar,RathindaamorFabricius, JunoniaorithyaLinn,andVanessacarduiLinn.Thefirstinvestigationconductedfrom1996to1997andthenrecorded theexistenceof51speciesofbutterfliesintheJUcampus.Ofthese,21werefirstrecordedinBangladesh(Hossainet al.,2003).Thenextstudyconductedfrom2003to2004,whichrecordedthepresenceof80speciesofbutterfliesof which36werefirstrecordedinthecountry(Razzaketal.,2007).Thus,thetotalnumberofbutterflyspeciesrecorded intheJUcampusbecomes102,ofwhichthenumberofthenewlyrecordedspeciesinBangladeshis61.Amongthe speciesofbutterfliesidentified,somearehighlyseasonsspecificwhilesomearefoundavailableroundtheyear.

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016 AnassessmentofbutterflydiversityintheimpactzoneofwinterSAFgames areainAuliBugyal,Joshimath,Uttarakhand

ShubhiMalik,V.P.UniyalandSmitaChaudhry
InstituteofEnvironmentalStudies,KurukshetraUniversity,Kurukshetra,Haryana WildlifeInstituteofIndia,Chandrabani,Dehradun,Uttarakhand uniyalvp@wii.gov.in
Ahighaltitudegrasslandsormeadowswhichburstintoamultitudefloraldiversityaretermedasbugyalin Uttarakhand.Beingaflatorslopesurface,alpinemeadowsstretchesfrom3300mto4000marefragilelandscapein andaroundNandaDeviBiosphereReserve(NDBR).Majorityoffloralandfaunalspeciesofthebiospherereserveare endemic,threatenedandeconomicallyandecologicallysensitivetoclimatechange.SouthAsianFederation(SAF)has proposedwintergamesintheAuli.Thealpinemeadowhasanthropogenicpressuresduetotouristsandgrazingof livestockoflocalresidents.PreliminarystudyofbutterflydiversitywasconductedinandaroundAuliwithinthree differenthabitats(humanhabitation,oakforestandalpinemeadow)toassesstheimpactonbutterflydiversityofthe proposedgames.Pollardwalkandsweepnetmethodswereadoptedtodocumentthespeciesdiversity.Atotalof twentyfivespeciesofbutterflieswererecordedfromthestudyarea.Thebaselineinformationobtainedfromthis studywillbeusedforassessingtheimpactofSAFgamesonthefaunalandfloraldiversityoftheareausingbutterflyas indicatorspecies.Butterfliesaresensitivetothechangesinthehabitatandclimate,whichinfluencestheirdistribution andabundance.Theirpresenceorabsenceservestomonitorecologicalchangesinhabitat.Thus,alongterm ecologicalstudyonbutterflycanhelpinassessingthesechangesinnearfuture.
017 Butterfliesasindicatorsofsustainabilityinthenaturalecosystemwith specialreferencetohighaltitude(HimachalPradeshandJammu&Kashmir)

AvtarKaurSidhu
HighAltitudeRegionalCentre,ZoologicalSurveyofIndia,Solan,HP173211,India avtarkaur2000@gmail.com
Butterfliesarethemostimportantcomponentofourbiodiversity.Apartfrombeingaestheticallyattractive,theyactas indicatorstodepictthehealthofahabitat.Thelarvaeofbutterfliesareassociatedwithplantsbutcauseonlylittle damagetothehosts.Theadultsactasincidental,wildpollinatorsandhelpinpollinationofmanynativeplants.The larvaeaswellasadultsarefoodformanypredatorslikelizardsandbirds.Thebutterflydiversityinanecosystemtells howmuchhealthyitis,asbutterfliesareverysensitivetoanychangeintheenvironment.Duetoshortlifecyclesthey aremoresensitivethanothergroupstochangesintheirhabitatsandastheyarebreedinginsmallhabitatpatchesthey arelikelytoreflectchangesoccurringatafinescale.Monitoringthechangeinabundanceandassessingthe distributionofbutterfliesactsasapotentialtoolforassessinglargescalebiodiversitytrends.Consequentlyinthe presentdayscenario,manybutterflyspeciesareunderarealthreatduetodepletionofthenaturalcoverforvarious developmentalactivities.Thisistruerincaseofhighaltitudeareas.Asoneofthemoreinaccessiblepartsofthe HimalayanRanges,thehighaltitudeareasofIndiaareresourcepoorregions.Thesecouldbeconsideredasan importantstudyareabecauseoftheirextremelyfragileecosystem.TheregionsonthenorthflankoftheHimalayas experienceheavysnowfallandtheseremainsvirtuallycutofffromtherestofthecountryforseveralmonthsinthe year.Summersareshort.Theproportionofoxygenislessthaninmanyotherplacesatacomparablealtitudebecause oflackofvegetation.Thereislittlemoisturetotempertheeffectsofrarefiedair.Thepeopleoftheseareasdepend predominantlyonagricultureandanimalhusbandry.Thefloralandfaunalelementsofthisareaareuniqueandhave highlevelofendemismwhichneedtobeprotected.Theyhavedirectbearingonsustainingtheecosystemaswellas thelifeofpeople.Insectsformapredominantgroupandhaveavitalroleintheequilibriumofthecolddesert.Butas comparedtoothervertebrategroups,thisgrouphasreceivedlittleattentionfromresearchers.Duringthepresent presentation,thebutterflydiversityofChudhar,PangivalleyandLadakh(colddesertarea)willbediscussedapartfrom givingobservationsontheirconservationandbehaviouralaspects.Thelattertwoareasremainvirtuallycutofffrom restofIndiaformostpartoftheyearexceptthesummermonths.InpresentstudiestheApollobutterflies(Genus Parnassius)andsomeotherhighaltitudespecieshavebeenobservedtobemosteffectedbytheclimaticchangeand habitatdegradation.
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018 ButterflydiversityinfragmentedforestsofWesternGhats,India:Theroleof sacredgrovesandcoffeeagroecosystems

Shivani
WorldWideFundforNature(WWF)India,CastleHillsRdno.2,MasabTank,Hyderabad shivani196@yahoo.com
ThepresentstudyinafragmentedlandscapeofcentralWesternGhatsinvestigatedtheeffectoftypeoflanduseon thebutterflyspeciesrichnessanddiversity.Butterfliesdispersewidelyatlocallevelandarealsoquitesensitiveto environmentalperturbation,whichmakesthemreliableandusefulstudyorganismsforfragmentationstudies.Five studysites(Kodagu,Karnataka)atvaryingdistancefromtheprimaryforest,eachcomprisingofasacredgroveandone closelylocatedcoffeeplantationweresampled.Butterflieswererecordedusingtransectwalkandfruitbaitedtrap methods.Vegetationcomponentsofgrovesandcoffeeplantationswerealsorecordedtoanalysetheirimpacton butterflyresponses.Sacredgroveswerefoundtosupportahigherspeciesrichnessanddiversityofbutterfliesthan coffeeplantationsfortransectdata,butthetrapdatashowedslightlyhigherspeciesrichnessincoffeeplantations.The studysupportstheroleofsacredgrovesandshadecoffeeplantationsastheynotonlydecreasetheimpactsof fragmentationbyprovidinghabitatconnectivitybutalsomaintainthelandscapeheterogeneity,thusharbouringdiverse speciesassemblages.Fromthepresentstudyonsacredgrovesandcoffeeplantations,itappearsthatcommunity basedconservationstrategiesaretheneedofthedaymainlyinthetropics.Besidestheinevitableneedforpreserving intactprimaryforests,forestfragmentsintheformofsacredgrovesandshadecoffeeplantationsaddontothe conservationofbutterflyassemblagesaswellastotheoverallbiodiversity.
019 Invasionoftropicalbutterfliesintothesubtropicsinresponsetoclimate change:acasestudyinTaiwan

YuFengFrankHsu
DepartmentofLifeScience,NationalTaiwanNormalUniversity,TingzhouRoad,Taipei,Taiwan t43018@ntnu.edu.tw
Therecentglobalclimatechangehasprofoundinfluenceuponthedistributionofvariousorganisms.Withthecurrent trendofglobalwarming,temperateorganismsarelosingtheirhabitats,whereastropicalorganismsareexpandingtheir ranges.Astheinventoryofbutterfliesisrelativelycompleteamonglepidopterousinsectsinmostregions,butterflies representanidealgroupoforganismstomonitorthechangesofbiologicaldistributioninresponsetoclimatechanges. Therehavebeenquiteafewstudiesshowingtheshiftsofbutterflyrangesinrelationtotheclimatesinthetemperate areas,suchasEuropeancountriesandNorthAmerica.Theshiftsoftropicaltaxaintosubtropics;however,havenot beenwelldocumented.TheislandofTaiwanrepresentsanidealobjecttoevaluatetheexpansionoftropical butterfliesintothesubtropicscausedbyglobalwarming.Thebutterflyfaunaoftheislandiswellknown,anditis recognizedthatmostofits400butterflyspeciesarederivedfromtheAsiaticcontinentvialandconnectionduringthe previousglacialepochs.Tropicalspecies,notablythoseinhabitingthePhilippines;however,traveledtoTaiwanallthe timebymeansofseasonalwindcurrentsortyphoons.Withreliabledocumentationofthesestrayingspeciesovera century,ithasbeendemonstratedthatonlyonespecieswassuccessfullyestablishedonthisisland.Casesofsuccessful establishmentsofexoticbutterflieshaveincreasedconsiderablyinnumber.Itturnsoutthatoverhalfofthe observedcasesinvolvespeciesofPhilippineorigin,indicatingthatrisingtemperaturemayberesponsibletothe successfulinvasionsofthesespecies.WehavealsoperformedasurveyofbutterfliesonLanyu(OrchidIsland),the islandclosesttothePhilippinesinTaiwan,overthepasttwoyearstoevaluatethecurrentstatusofspeciesinvading recently.ItappearsafewPhilippineoriginatedspecieshavebeenfirmlyestablishedontheisland.Otherinteresting findingsincludepreviouslyunrecordedstraysofPhilippineendemicspeciesandbreedingofthesestrays.

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020 MothdiversityofTawangDistrict,ArunachalPradesh,India
KailashChandraandS.Sambath
CentralZoneRegionalCentre,ZoologicalSurveyofIndia,168169,VijayNagar,Jabalpur,MadhyaPradesh,India GangeticPlainsRegionalCentre,ZoologicalSurveyofIndia,11D,RajendraNagar,Patna,Bihar,India. kailash611@rediffmail.com
AnexpeditiontoTawangdistrict(ArunachalPradesh)wasconductedbythescientificteamofZoologicalSurveyof India,undertheleadershipofseniorauthorduringtheperiodfrom27thSeptember2009to15thOctober2009forthe rapidassessmentofthefaunaldiversityofthedistrict.Thefieldcampswereestablishedattwoplacesi.e.Lumlaand Zemmethang.Formthesecamps,collectionofmothswasmadeatvariouslocalitiesbyinstallingthelighttraps.During thesurvey,morethan250morphospecieswerecollected,ofwhichpresently103speciesofmothspertainingto15 familieswereidentified.Theanalysisofthefaunarevealedthatthemothfaunaoftheareaisdominatedbythefamily Geometridae,followedbythefamiliesNoctuidae,ArctiidaeandCrambidae.Thestudymayhelpinmonitoringofthe faunalcomponentsintheHimalayanregionduetoclimatechange.
021 StudyonthebiodiversityofbutterfliesandtheircurrentstatusinCentral Nepal

B.Khanal,M.K.ChaliseandG.S.Solanki
NaturalHistoryMuseum,TU,Nepal;CentralDepartmentofZoologyTU,Nepal;DepartmentofZoology,M.U.,India baya200@live.com
Crosssectionalsurveyofbutterflybiodiversitywithin500mto4500maltitudesincentralNepalindicatedthe occurrenceof350speciesatdifferenthabitattypes.Thisdiversityequalsto61%ofthenationstotaldiversity(650 species).Theconservationstatusofmanymidlandspeciesisunderchangingstagemainlyduetopressurizedactionof humansonforestsanditsresources.ThereportofDiagoranicevillei,aNymphalidbutterfly,whichoccursinGodavari forest(1500m)ofKathmanduValley,hasnotbeenobservedforthelast10years.Thestatusofmanyspeciesisunder changingstagemainlyduetoprevailingthreatsofhabitatdegradation.Onlytwospecies,TroidesaeacusandTroides helenahavebeenlistedinCITESAppendixII.TheIUCNRedlistdevelopedin1995incorporated142speciesunder differentstatuscategoriesneedsupdatinginpresentcontext.Thispaperwhichistheoutcomeofanextensivefield studyconductedinvariousperiodssince1990hasdocumentedthespeciesdiversityofbutterfliesincentralNepal includingtheircurrentstatusandunderlyingthreats.Alongwithcurrentfieldresearch,thispaperdealsprevious reportsofinternationalentomologistsforcentralNepal.
022 ThreatstotheNationalbutterflyTriodusdarsiusGray(Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)ofSriLankaandpossibilitiesofcommunityparticipationinits conservation

PostgraduateInstituteofScience,UniversityofPeradeniya,SriLanka Aluthwattha@gmail.com
BiodiversitysecretariatofSriLankadeclaredSriLankanBirdwing(Triodusdasius)theNationalbutterflyatthe celebrationoftheyearofbiodiversity,2010.Thedeclarationofanationalbutterflyisaimedatraisingpublicconcern onbutterflyconservation.AlthoughT.dasiusdistributedallovertheislandfromsealeveltohighesthillsthebutterfly preferswoodedhabitatsinwetzone.WetzoneforestcoverofSriLankadoesnotexceed3%ofthetotallandarea. Humanencroachmentintoprotectedareasandfragmentationofprivatelandscausethedisappearanceofhabitats andthehostplantAristolochiaindica.Surveyconductedatforestmarginalvillageswiththefarmersandwomenwho involveinvariousfarmingactivitiesincludingplantnurseriesshowedthat99%ofarenotawareofcaterpillar butterfliesrelationship.MajoritydidnotknowthemedicinalplantA.indica.Aftershorttraining,childrenoffarmers withthehelpoftheireldersstartedrearingbutterfliessuccessfullyfromthecaterpillarscollectedfromfarmlandsand nurseriesbeforeapplypesticides.PropagationofA.indicainnurseriesanddistributionamonghomegardensatforest marginarebeingtested.Traditionalpracticeofplantingmedicinalherbsinhomegardensshouldbereestablished.
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023 Evaluationofconservationstatusofbutterflycommunitiesintropical lowlandevergreenforestofupperBrahmaputravalley,withspecial referencetotheJokaiReserveForest,Assam,NorthEasternIndia

R.R.Tariang,D.S.,Bora
DepartmentofZoology,DigboiCollege,Assam DepartmentofLifeSciences,DibrugarhUniversity,Dibrugarh,Assam rajiblacewing@gmail.com
Habitatlossandfragmentationarethemajorconservationissuesthreateningtheglobalbiodiversity.Thebutterflies arethebestindicatorofthesechangesandcanbeusedassurrogatetoassesstheconservationthreattothe biodiversity.ThecontiguousforestofupperBrahmaputravalleyishighlyfragmentedandexiststodayasfragmented patchesintheseaofteagardens,agriculturefieldsandhumansettlements.Anextensivesurveyforbutterflieswas carriedoutinthesefragmentedforestpatchesduring20062010inordertoassesstheirconservationstatus.An intensivestudywasalsocarriedoutinoneofthefragmenttheJokaiReserveForestinordertounderstandthe ecologicalcharacteristicsthatenablethemtosurviveinthefragmentedlandscape.Wefoundthat32speciesfalls underTheWildlife(Protection)Act,1972,ofthem11speciesareenlistedasthreatenedinRedDataBook;andabout 215species,wereundernonthreatenedones.Ourstudyhasrevealedthatthreatenedbutterfliesarecharacterizedby narrowecologicalnichebreadthbutcurrentlynonthreatenedspeciesarealsoatthehighestriskofextinction.The studyhadrevealedthatabout12speciescurrentlyclassifiedasnonthreatenedones,whichinfact,atariskof extinction,andwesuggestthattheRedDataBookstatusofafurther12speciesofbutterfliesshouldbereconsidered.
024 MonitoringoftheRajahBrookesBirdwing,Trogonopterabrookiana albescens(Papilionidae),usingdigitalimagesofpuddlingbutterflies
ChooiKhimPhonandLaurenceG.Kirton
TropicalForestBiodiversityCentre,ForestResearchInstituteMalaysia,52109Kepong,Selangor,Malaysia phonchooikhim@frim.gov.my
TheRajahBrooke'sBirdwing(Trogonopterabrookiana)isalargeandattractivebutterflythathasbecomeatourism iconinMalaysia.Whilethereisageneralperceptionthatnumbersofthisbutterflyhavedeclinedovertheyearsdueto habitatlossandovercollecting,thereisnodatatosubstantiatethisandnocurrenteffortstomonitorpopulations.The smallvillageofUluGeroh,borderedbyforestintheMalaysianstateofPerak,hasafewsitesatwhichmalesof subspeciesalbescenspuddleinlargenumbers,supportinganecotourismindustryrunbytheindigenouscommunity. Preliminarytestswereconductedinthisvillagetostudypuddlingandflightbehaviouranddevelopamethodof monitoringthepopulation.Digitalimagesofpuddlingbirdwingsweretakenhourlyandthenumbersineachimage werecounted.Atthesametime,flightactivitywasobservedwithinabelttransectalongtheriverwherepuddling birdwingswerebeingphotographed.Thenumberofpuddlingbirdwingsincreasedgreatlyfrom0800to1100hrsand graduallythereafter,reachingapeakat3pm.Therewasagradualdecreasefrom1600to1700hrsandasharpdecline fromthenontill1900hrs.Conversely,flightactivitywashighjustbeforeandjustafterthepeakpuddlingperiodand lowerduringthisperiod,decreasinggreatlyafter1700hrs.Thenumberofpuddlingbirdwingsatthepeakpuddling periodcorrespondedwellwiththenumberofflyingbirdwingsatpeakflightperiods,buttheformerwaseasierto observeandprovidedlargercounts.Wesuggestthatcountsofpuddlingmalesinimagestakenathourlyintervals duringpeakpuddlinghoursisasuitablemethodofmonitoringlocalpopulationsoftheRajahBrookesBirdwing.
025 SeasonaldynamicsofbutterflypopulationinDAEcampus,Kalpakkam
K.JahirHussain,T.Ramesh,M.SelvanayagamandK.K.Satpathy
EnvironmentalandIndustrialSafetySection,SafetyGroup,IndiraGandhiCentreforAtomicResearch,Kalpakkam,TamilNadu LoyolaInstituteofFrontierEnergy(LIFE),LoyolaCollege,Chennai satpathy@igcar.gov.in
SeasonalpopulationtrendsofbutterfliesinhabitingthecampusofDepartmentofAtomicEnergy(DAE)atKalpakkam wasrecordedbysettingapermanentlinetransectof300metersandrecordingallspeciesofbutterfliesobserved
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withinafivemeterdistancearoundtheobserver.Presentsurveyyielded2177individualsof56butterflyspecies belongingtothefamiliesofNymphalidae,Pieridae,Lycaenidae,PapilionidaeandHesperiidae.Nymphalidaefoundto bethedominantfamilyduringallseasons.SignificantnumbersofspecieswereobservedinthemonthofOctoberand JanuarycoincidingwithNorthEastMonsoon(NEM).Thespeciesrichnessanddensitywerealsorelativelyhighduring theNEMperiodandwinter.ThisindicatedthatthebutterfliesatsouthernplainsofIndia,prefertheseseasonstorest oftheyearforbreedingandemergence.Moreover,butterflyrichnessanddensitywasnegativelycorrelatedwith temperature.Presentstudyrevealedthatthetaxonomicstructureofthebutterfliessampled,resemblesthatof Northern,SouthernpartsofWesternGhatsandotherregionofIndiaintwoways;a)dominanceofNymphalidae speciesandb)peakdensityduringwetseasons.Adetailedstudyonecologicallyimportantlocalbutterflyfaunaand theirhostplantsisunderprogresstoconstructabutterflygardeninKalpakkam.Thiscontributionmayprovideabase forselectionofgardenplantswhichwillattractandsupporttheexhibitbutterflies.
026 PatternsindiversityanddistributionofbutterflyassemblagesinTonsValley, Uttarakhand,WesternHimalaya

ManishBhardwaj,V.P.Uniyal,ArunP.SinghandAbeshK.Sanyal
WildlifeInstituteofIndia,Chandrabani,Dehradun DivisionofEntomology,ForestResearchInstitute,NewForest,Dehradun,Uttarakhand uniyalvp@wii.gov.in
Biodiversitylosshasbecamerallyingpointforconservationactivistasitprovidesestimateshowlargelyhumansare makinganimpactonnaturalhabitats.Keepinginmindstudyonspeciesdiversity,distributionandabundanceof butterflies(PapilionidaeandHesperiidae)hasbeeninitiated.Aimofstudywastoinvestigateforpossibleconservation opportunitiesinamosaicofprotected(GovindNationalParkandGovindWildlifeSanctuary)andunprotectedhuman dominatedlandscapeinTonsvalley,WesternHimalaya.Foursiteswereselected,eachwithheterogeneoushabitat mosaics,varyingfromnaturalhabitatstoorchardsandagriculturalfieldswithvariousdegreesofdisturbancealong altitudevaryingfrom900mslto4000msl.Samplingwasconductedadoptingbelttransects(300mlongand10mon eitherside),traversedin45minandaidedwithopportunisticfruitbaittraps.Atotalof3694individualsof121species in82setsofdatawererecorded.Differencesinbutterflycomposition,speciesdiversityandabundanceacrossdifferent sites,habitattypesandaltitudewereanalyzed.Speciesdiversityandrichnessatlowelevationwashigherthanhigh elevationsites,followinglineartrendalongaltitude.Highestdiversityofbutterflieswasaccountedformixedhabitatsof forest,agriculture,scrub,riverineshrubberiesandclearinglandsofhighdisturbance.However,datasupports conservationprioritiestoundisturbednaturalhabitats.
027 Diversity,distributionpatternandseasonalvariationinmothassemblages alongaltitudinalgradientinGangotriLandscapeArea,WesternHimalaya, Uttarakhand

AbeshKumarSanyal,V.P.Uniyal,KailashChandraandManishBhardwaj
WildlifeInstituteofIndia,Chandrabani,Dehradun,Uttarakhand,India CentralZoneRegionalCentre,ZoologicalSurveyofIndia,Vijaynagar,Jabalpur,MadhyaPradesh,India uniyalvp@wii.gov.in
Preliminaryfieldsurveywasconductedindifferentaltitudinalzonesandlanduseareasinthetwohighaltitude protectedareas,viz.,GangotriNationalParkandGovindNationalParkofUttarkashidistrict,Uttarakhand,India.Atotal of475specimensofmothrepresentingaboutmorethat200morphspeciesweredocumentedusinglighttrapmethod duringthesurveyconducted(September2008toMay2010).Preliminaryfindingsshowingdecreasingtrendalongthe increasingaltitudewithsubalpineareasleastdiverseandthesubtropicalareaswithhighestdiversityofmoths. Seasonalityincatchsuccessintermsofspecimensattractedtolighttrappertrapnightwasremarkablewithmonsoon periodobservingleastnumberofspecimenscollectedwhereashighestnumberofspecimenswerecollectedduringthe summerandpostmonsoonperiod.Thelunarphasehadasignificanteffectoncatchsuccesswithnomoondays recordinghighestnumberofcatchandthefullmoondaysshowingleastnumberofcatchforspeciesaswellas individuals.Primaryforestswithminimumdisturbanceregimesshowedhighspeciesaswellasfamilyrichness comparedtodisturbedforestpatchesandagriculturallandscape.Thestudyaimedtoprovideanefforttousemoth
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assemblageasaindicatorforrapidhabitatassessmentforconservationofbiodiversityinentirelandscapewhichisan importantrepositoryofhighaltitudefloraandfaunaofconservationimportance.
028 Effectofforestdisturbanceonrainforestbutterflies:acasestudyfromSilent ValleyNationalPark,Kerala

C.F.BinoyandGeorgeMathew
Research&PGDept.ofZoology,St.ThomasCollege,Thrissur,Kerala,India Div.ofForestProtection,KeralaForestResearchInstitute,Peechi,Thrissur,Kerala,India drcfbinoy@gmail.com
Atotalof164speciesofbutterflieswererecordedfromSilentValleyNationalParkwhichconstitutesapproximately 50%ofthetotalWesternGhatsfauna.Tostudytheeffectofforestdisturbanceonbutterflydiversity500mlongline transectswerelaidatbothundisturbedanddisturbedforests.Meandensityofbutterflieswereloweratundisturbed site(68specimens/km)thandisturbedsite(84specimens/km).Studyrevealedthatalthoughdisturbedforesthadhigh speciesrichness(65species)andabundance(792individuals),speciesdiversityindicessuchasShannonWeinerindex andSimpsonsindexweresignificantlyhigheratundisturbedforest(tvalue=2.29,p=0.05).Theundisturbedforest harbouredseveralendemicandrarespecieswithhighconservationvaluewhilethedisturbedforestcontainedmostly generalistspecies.Thedataforbothsitesfittedatruncatedlognormaldistributionandthelognormaldiversityindex ()wasfoundtobehigherforundisturbedforest(=168.8)thandisturbedforest(=134.4).
029 ActiveEnvironmentalEducationforButterflyconservationformiddleschool studentsinPuducherrySchools,India

R.Alexandar*1andG.Poyyamoli2
1 2
JuniorResearchFellow,DepartmentofEcology&EnvironmentalSciences,PondicherryUniversity,Puducherry,India605014. Associateprofessor,DepartmentofEcology&EnvironmentalSciences,PondicherryUniversity,Puducherry,India605014. *enviroalexandar@gmail.com
Promotingstudentscommitmenttoprotectandconservelocalbiologicaldiversityisanimportantgoalofbiodiversity educationinIndia.Butterfliesarecriticalcomponentsoffunctioningecosystemduetotheirkeyrolesaspollinators andasindicatorsofecosystemhealth.Butterfliesarealsobelovedbypublicaswellasyoungstudentsandchildren, whichislargelyunawarethatmanyspeciesarethreatenedorendangered.Themainobjectivesofthisexperiential biodiversityeducationweretocreateknowledge,interestandnecessaryskillstoinvestigateandidentifythebutterfly speciesdiversityinschoolcampus.Themethodweusedtoassesstheefficiencyofstudentsknowledge,interestand skills,pretestedthestudentstoassessthepreviousknowledge,interestandskillsaboutbutterflyconservation,and posttestedthestudentstoassesstheefficiencyofbutterflyconservationeducationprogram.Theprogram implementedforexperimentalgroupwithactiveclassroomsessions(lectures,discussions,debates,quiz,competitions andtests)andexperientialeducation(Handontrainings,fieldvisitsandgroupprojects).Forbutterflysurveythe censustechniquemethodswereusedtoassessthebutterflyspeciesandcolourphotographswereusedtoidentifythe butterflyspecies.Theposttestresultsrevealedthatthereisanincreaseinstudentsknowledge,interestandskills aboutbutterflyconservationanditsecologicalsustenance.Atotalof47butterflyspeciesbelongingto4familieswere recordedofwhichNymphalidaefamilywasdominantspeciesfoundinboththeschoolcampus.Thestudyconcluded thattheyoungstudentsmustbegiventhechancetoinvestigate,engagewith,andexperiencenatureinorderto appreciate,andmotivatetoconserveandprotectthesefascinatinginsectsatlocallevel.Theconservationofour naturalbiologicalresourceswouldbedependentuponfuturegenerations.Thiseducationalprograminspiredbutterfly conservationaction,havetaughtaboutbutterflyspeciesidentificationskillsamongstudents.
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030 PrioritizationoftheregionsforconservationofbutterfliesofWesternGhats
AnandPadhye,NeeleshDahanukarandSheetalShelke
DepartmentofZoology,AbasahebGarwareCollege,KarveRoad,Pune IndianInstituteofScienceEducationandResearch(IISER),Pashan,Pune DepartmentofBiodiversity,AbasahebGarwareCollege,KarveRoad,Pune adpadhye@gmail.com
WesternGhatsisunderthethreatduetovariousanthropogenicactivities.Inthisstudywehavefocusonthediversity anddistributionofbutterflyspeciesalongtheWesternGhatsinordertoprioritizetheregionsfortheirconservation. WethereforedividedtheentireWesternGhatsinto14LatitudeZones(eachof1spans)andstudiedthespecies diversityineachLatitudezonealongwithhabitatandlarvalfoodplantpreferencesbyliteraturesurvey.Weconducted fieldvisitstopreparechecklistsfortheareasbetween1617Nand1718Nthataredatadeficient.Outof355 species(5familiesand170genera)recordedfromtheWesternGhats,8specieswerefoundinalllatitudinalZones, while25specieswerereportedinonelatitudinalzoneandthusneedhighconservationefforts.Further,southern WesternGhats(8to14Nlatitude)consistsofmorenumberofspeciesandmorenumberofgeneraascomparedto NorthernWesternGhats(14to22Nlatitude).Habitatwisedistributionofspeciessuggeststhattherearethree significantclustersforhabitatpreferencegrosslyseparatedbythelevelofhumandisturbance.Foodplantwise distributionofbutterflyfamiliessuggeststhatPapilionidaeandPieridaearerestrictedtoparticularfamiliesofplants andtheydonotextensivelysharetheirnichewithotherbutterflyfamiliesoramongthemselves.Ontheotherhand Lycaenidae,HesperiidaeandNymphalidaearemorenichegeneralistsandsharemanyplantfamiliesamong themselves.ThustheareaswithfoodplantsofPapilionidaeandPieridaeshouldbeontopoftheconservationpriority preferences.Further,WesternGhatsbetween11Nto12Nalsoneedpriorityforhabitatconservationduetopresence ofmostoftheuniquespecies(20outof25).Ourstudymaythushelpindesigningandimplementingstrategiesfor butterflyconservationintheWesternGhats.
031 Roleofbutterflygardensinenvironmentaleducationandconservation
GeorgeMathewandMaryAnto
ScientistEII,ForestHealthDivision,KeralaForestResearchInstitute,Peechi,Thrissur,Kerala,India ProjectScientist,ForestHealthDivision,KeralaForestResearchInstitute,Peechi,Thrissur,Kerala,India mathew@kfri.org
Publicinterfacingisanimportantelementofenvironmentaleducationandbutterflygardensandhousesareideal meansbywhichvisitorscanobserveandstudybutterfliesinarecreatedenvironment.Theongoingtrainingand extensionprogrammeattheKeralaResearchInstitute,Peechi,Kerala,Indiaaimstopromoteenvironmentaleducation throughpubliclecturesandawalkthroughbutterflygarden.Thegardenestablishedin1998in0.5haofdegraded moistdeciduousforestpatchinInstitutecampussupportsover65speciesofnativebutterfliesalongwiththeirnectar andhostplants.InthispaperananalysisoftheprofileofthevisitorsatthefacilityforafiveyearperiodfromApril 2004toMarch2009isattemptedandtheresultssummarised.
032 Birdwingbutterfliesasflagshipspeciesforinvertebrateconservation
MaryAnto
ProjectScientist,ForestHealthDivision,KeralaForestResearchInstitute,Peechi,Thrissur,Kerala,India drmaryanto@gmail.com
Theuseoficonicflagshipspeciesamongthecharismaticvertebrateshashelpedspurvertebrateconservationeffortsto enviablelevelsworldwide.However,theinvertebratesthoughingreaterdangerareinurgentneedofaglobally appealingemblematicflagshipspeciestoattractconservationeffortsandfunding.IntheWesternGhatsbiodiversity hotspot,thespectacularSouthernBirdwingbutterfly,Troidesminosisanidealflagshipspecieswhichcouldhelp kickstartconservationeffortsintheregion.Currentresearchhighlightthecomplexnatureofinteractionswithin habitatsandthefirmgroundworkneededfordevelopingsinglespeciesmanagementprotocols.Inthispapervarious aspectsofthedistribution,biology,ecology,naturalenemiesandresourceusepatternsofthebirdwingbutterflyare discussed.Thepotentialofthisspeciestobebothanindicatorandaflagshipspeciesintheregionisalsoevaluated.
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033 ButterfliesofKeralaUniversityCampus,Thiruvananthapuram,Kerala
G.Prasad,PrathibhakumariP.V.andLizbyA.Mathews
DepartmentofZoology,UniversityofKerala,Kariavattom,Thiruvananthapuram,Kerala probios1@gmail.com
AsurveywasconductedtofindthebutterflydiversityintheKeralaUniversityCampus,fromJuly2007toDecember 2007in3transectareassuchasgrassycover,woodycoverandgarden.Theresultsrevealedthepresenceof52species ofbutterfliesdominatedbythefamilyNymphalidae.Theyweregroupedascommon,verycommon,rareandveryrare. Thepresentstudyhasbeencomparedwiththeoneconducted11yearsagoandtheyreported46speciesofbutterflies. AmongNymphalidaefamilyweidentifiedCommonbushbrown,TamilLacewing,GlassyBlueTiger,CommonFourRing, TawnyRajah,LeopardLacewing,MonarchButterfly,DarkBlueTiger,PlainTiger,CommonFiveRing,CommonIndian Crow,CommonPalmfly,StrippedTiger,ChestnutStreakedSailorandCommonLascarthatwerenotpreviouslyreported fromthesamestudyarea.However,thebutterfliessuchasCommonEveningBrown,AngledCastor,CommonBaron, Baronet,TamilYeomanandCommonLeoparddidnotshowtheirpresenceduringthestudyperiod.Asfaras Papilionidaeisconsidered,fivespeciesofbutterfliessuchasCrimsonRose,CommonJay,CommonMime,BlueMormon andMalabarRavenwereidentifiedinthestudysitesbuttheyarenotreportedearlier.Thestudyareasupportedthe fourspeciesofbutterfliesinLycaenidaefamilysuchasBandedBluePierrot,GramBlueandLimeBlueButterfly.They werenotreportedpreviously.InthePieridaefamily,weidentifiedMottledEmigrant,CommonGrassYellow,Indian CabbageWhite,CommonGull,LemonEmigrantandThreeSpottedGrassYellowthatwerenotreportedpreviously. MembersofHesperiidaefamily(skippers)wereabsentinbothstudies,maythecampusdidnotsupportthehabitatof thesegroups.Sincetheresultsrevealedthepresenceof8%ofrarespeciesofbutterflies,thestudypointsoutthe importanceofthemaintenanceandconservationofthehabitatandbutterflydiversity.
034 DiversityofbutterfliesinGreatNicobarBiosphereReserve(GNBR),A&N Islands

C.Sivaperuman,SureshKumarShahandC.Raghunathan
ZoologicalSurveyofIndia,AndamanandNicobarRegionalCentre,PortBlairA&NIslands c_sivaperuman@yahoo.co.in
TheGreatNicobarBiosphereReserve(GNBR)istheSouthernmostIslandsintheAndamanandNicobarIslands.This studywasconductedduring20082010bylinetransectmethodtoassessthespeciesdistributionanddiversityof butterflies.Atotalof65speciesofbutterfliesbelongto5familiesand46generawererecordedduringtheperiodand highestnumberofspecieswererecordedfromthefamilyNymphalidaefollowedbyPieridae,Lycaenidae,Pieridaeand Hesperiidae.Oftherecordedspecies,maximumnumberofspecieswasrecordedfromEastwestRoad(59),Lakshman Beach(48),MaharNala&Kondul(47),Kopenheat(45),GingemBasti(44),IndiraPoint(42),AmphibianRoad(40),B quary(38),GandhiNagar(36)andNavidera(28).Thespeciesrichnessandabundanceindicesofbutterfliesvariedin thedifferentfamilies.Thediversityindex(H)rangedfrom3.093.74,withhighestinEastwestroad(3.74).High similaritywasobservedbetweenAmphibianRoadandBquarry.Thesurveyindicatedthepresenceofarichbutterfly faunaandconservationmeasuresinGNBRalsodiscussedinthispaper.
035 StudiesonlifecycleofPapiliodemoleus(linnaeus)onCitrusmedica
NabanitaDas,PrarthanaMudai,M.Bhuyan,P.R.Bhattacharya
DivisionofMedicinal,AromaticandEconomicPlants,NorthEastInstituteofScienceandTechnology,Jorhat,Assam mudaiprarthana7@gmail.com
Butterfliesarethemostbeautifulcreatureofnatureandoneofthemostimportantpollinatorsandpollutionindicator oftheenvironment.ThelifecycleofLimebutterflyiscommonlyknownonitsprimaryhostplantCitrusacida. Althoughfemalelayseggonothermemberofcitrusfamily,butlittleisknownaboutlifecycleparameteronother citrusplant.Further,lifecyclesofbutterfliesinNEIndianecologicalconditionswenotyetdocumentedproperly. Understandingtheinteractionofbutterflieswithlocalclimaticconditionsisimportantaspectsforconservation. Therefore,anattemptwasinitiatedtostudythelifecycleofLimebutterfly,Papiliodemoleus(Linnaeus)(Papilionidae:
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Lepidoptera)anditsinteractionwithitsalternatehostplantCitrusmedicaduringthemonthofAugustSeptember,09. Itwasseenthatthefemalelaideggsinglyontheyoungerleaves.Thesphericaleggislightlemonyellowincolourand withadiameterofabout1.1mm.ThebutterflywasrearedinthelaboratoryconditionintabplantofCitrusmedicafor determiningthelifecycleparameters.Theegghatchedin34daysandtheemergedneonatelarvapossessedbody lengthofabout1.2mm.Larvawasinitiallyverylightbrownincolour.Avshapedwhitepatchesmarkingsimilartobird droppingappearedinA2toA5ofabdominalsegments.Thelarvadevelopedthrough5instars.Thewidthofhead capsuleandlengthandbreadthofdifferentinstarswererecorded.Thedurationofeachinstarsandstageswere determined.Justbeforepupation,thelastinstarlarvastoppedfeeding.Thecaterpillareventuallycametorestonthe substratumtoformaprepupa.Thepupasuspendeditselfwithasilkgirdlefromtheleafsurface.Thecolourofthe pupawasgreenordirtybrowndependingonthebackgroundwheretheyformedpupa.Thepupaappearedheavy markingsonthedorsalsurfacewithdarkbrownandblackstreaks.Pupaewere3034mminlength.Headbearedtwo projectionsandthoraxone.Thepupalperiodlastfor1012days.Theadultlimebutterflywasblackishyellowwithred, bluelunules.Themaleandfemaleweresimilarinappearance.TheadultwasseentovisitflowerssuchasIxora, Lantana,Mussaendafornectaring.Thebutterflyhasbeenrearedcontinuouslyfortwosuccessivegenerations.The meteorologicalparameterswerealsorecordedduringtheexperiment.
036 AstudyofbutterflyspeciesdiversityinandaroundhotspringofGarampani WildlifeSanctuary,KarbiAnglong,Assamincontexttoecotourism

NabanitaDas,RidipChoudhury,PrarthanaMudai,JitenMech,SangitaBorthakur,PallabiBordoloi,M. BhuyanandP.R.Bhattacharyya
DivisionofMedicinal,AromaticandEconomicPlants,NorthEastInstituteofScience&Technology,Jorhat,Assam nabaneetaa@gmail.com
Thepresentcrisisofhabitatchangesinducesriskofexistenceofmanyspecies.Primarily,anthropogenicactivitiesare thecauseofthesesignificantchanges,andbutterfliesareoneofthevictimsofsuchconsequences.Forlastfew decades,manybutterflyspeciesbecomeendangeredandextinct.Inthiscircumstance,itisimportanttoassessthe butterflyindifferentrepresentativespocketsforunderstandingtheircurrentpopulationstatusandecologicalneed. ThemaingoalofstudywastoassessthebutterflydiversityinGarampaniWildlifeSanctuary,Golaghat.Garampani WildlifeSanctuaryislocatedatKarbiAnglongdistrict,Assamcoveringanareaof6Sq.Km.andthegeographicalco ordinatesare2624'0''North,9352'0''East.Thesemievergreenforestharboursmorethan52speciesofwildanimals, manyspeciesofbirdsandreptilesaswellasvastfloraldiversityincludingmorethan50speciesoforchids.However thereisnoanyreportofbutterflydiversityintheSanctuary.Thereforeanattemptwastakentosurveythebutterfly diversityinanaroundthehotspringanimportanttouristspotofthesanctuary.Duringsurvey53speciesof butterflieswererecordedatpremonsoonseason.OftheseNymphalidaeandPieridaewerefoundtobethedominant families,incontrasttoPapilionidae,LycaenidaeandHesperiidae,whichwerescare.Afewbutterflyspeciesprotected underSchedulesofWildlifeProtectionActwasalsoobservedduringthesurvey.Theavailabilityofthesebutterflies indicatesthattheareapossesseslarvalandnectarhostplantsofallthosebutterflies.Asthehotspringispopular touristarea,thereforecureneedtobetakenforprotectingthesurroundingareasfromanycontaminantsand disturbancemadebythetourists.Beingacriticalareaforrestorationofbiodiversityandallowingtouristtoenjoy naturalbeautiesofhotspring,astrategicplanwaspreparedfordevelopmentoftheareaintoanecotourismspot withoutdisturbingbutterflypopulation.
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037 ButterflyfaunaoftheMahatmaGandhiuniversitycampus,Keralaandthe strategiesadoptedforitsconservation

TomsAugustine,S.PrasanthNarayanan,BabuPadmakumar,V.ArunBabu,N.D.Jaisen,JobyPaul,M.Deepa, JishaKurian,K.K.Jayasooryan,J.Ranjini,RathyChandran,P.N.Sreejith,G.ChristopherandA.P.Thomas
SchoolofEnvironmentalSciences,MahatmaGandhiUniversity,PriyadarsiniHills,Kottayam,Kerala,India. AdvancedCentreofEnvironmentalStudiesandSustainableDevelopment,SchoolofEnvironmentalSciences,MahatmaGandhiUniversity, PriyadarsiniHills,andKerala,India tomsaugustine@gmail.com
WedocumentedthebutterflyfaunaandthehostplantsavailableintheMahatmaGandhiUniversityCampus.Total 109speciesofbutterfliesbelongingto85generawererecorded.Thisforms32%ofthebutterfliesdocumentedfrom theWesternGhats.Eightyfourspeciesofplantswerefoundtobeusedaslarvalfoodplantsinthecampus.Amongthe butterfliesrecorded,36%belongedtoNymphalidaefamily,whereasfamilyPieridaeshowedlowestnumberofspecies (8%).Catopsiliapomona,Tirumalalimniace,T.septentrionisandEuploeacorewerethecommonspeciesfoundinthe campus.PresentstudyrevealsthebutterflydiversityandhabitatrichnessofMGUCampus.However,alterationofthe landscapeaspartoftheconstructionworksandotherdevelopmentalactivitiesareharmfullyaffectingthehabitat qualityandtheassociatedbutterflydiversityofthiscampus.Subsequenttoourstudy,theUniversityhasdeclared about12haoftheunaffectednaturalareaofthecampusasaconservationarea,namedJeevakalivelaboratory.This fieldlaboratoryisnowbeingusedforvariousincampusbiodiversitystudiesaswellasconservationawareness programmesfocusingschoolchildrenandpeoplefromvariousbackgrounds.
038 LepidopteraResearchtoPromoteaCommunityEcotourismInitiativein EaglenestSanctuary,ArunachalPradesh

SanjaySondhi,RamanaAthreya
Titlitrust,49RajpurRoadEnclave,DhoranKhas,nearITPark,P.O.Gujrada,Dehradun EcoSystemsIndia,2D,NirvanaEnclave,Basistapur,Bylane3,Guwahati,Assam IndianInstituteofScienceEducationandResearch,Firstfloor,CentralTowerSaiTrinityBuilding,Pashan,Pune,Maharashtra,India sanjay.sondhi1@gmail.com
EaglenestWLSispartoftheKamengProtectedAreaComplexinArunachalPradesh,covering3500sq.kmofclosed canopyforestranginginaltitudefrom100to3500m.ThislandscapeincludesthePakke,SessaOrchidandEaglenest WLS.TheEaglenestBiodiversityProjectwhichstartedin2003,hasresultedinthediscoveryofmanynewtaxa. Preliminarysurveysinthislandscapehaverevealedcloseto200butterflyspecieswithmanyendangeredandendemic speciessuchastheBhutanGloryBhutanitislidderdalii,BlueForesterLethescandaandGreyCommodoreBhagadatta austeniawhichareincludedinSchedule1oftheWildlifeProtectionAct1972.InMay2009,wedemonstratedthe spectaculardiversityofmoths(many100sofspecies)bythesimpleexpedientofilluminatingawhitescreenwitha lamp.Systematicsurveyscoveringdiversehabitats,altitudesandseasonsshouldresultasignificantincreaseinthe numberofbutterflyandmothspecies.Theprimaryobjectivesofthisprojectaretogeneratebasicspeciesdataina poorlystudiedbiodiversityhotspot,augmentasuccessfulongoinglocalcommunitybirdtourismventure,andlaythe foundationforlongtermmonitoringoftheimpactofclimateandecosystemchangesonLepidopterafauna.This presentationwillhighlightthescopeofthestudy,itsobjectives,theopportunitiesandchallenges.
039 DNAbarcodingofgenusEurema(Family:Pieridae)fromWesternGhats
GaikwadS.S.,GhateH.V.,GhaskadbiS.S.,ShoucheY.S.
ModernCollege,Shivajinagar,Pune Dept.ofZoology,UniversityofPune,Pune NationalCenterforCellSciences,UniversityofPune,Pune swapy28@gmail.com
DNAbarcodingisnowwellestablishedtoolforspeciesidentificationwhichemploysnucleotidedivergenceof mitochondrialgeneCytochromeOxidaseI(COI).Thistechniqueisbasedonthefactthatinterspeciesnucleotide divergenceisalwayshigherthantheintraspeciesnucleotidedivergence.ApieridEuremahecabeisknowntoshowhigh
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mitochondrialnucleotidedivergence.Additionallyregionalmorphologicalvariationisalsowellknowninthisspecies. Inthisstudy,wehavecheckedefficacyofCOIasaDNAbarcodeingenusEurema.Sixtyfivecogenericspecimenswere collectedfromvariouslocalitiesofWesternGhats.Wehavesequencednucleargenewingless(wg),mitochondrialgene codingfor16SrDNA(16S)fortheircomparativeperformance,asabarcode,alongwithCOI.Presenceofan endosymiontWolbachiawasalsocheckedinthesespecimens,asitisknowntocausemitochondrialvariationandthus affectingsuccessofthistechnique.OurresultconfirmedthateveninthepresenceofWolbachia,COIisanefficient DNAbarcodemarkerascomparedtoothergenes.
040 DiversityofSwallowtail(Lepidoptera:Papilionidae)butterfliesinGautala WildlifeSanctuaryofMaharashtra

R.K.Nimbalkar,S.S.Shinde,D.S.TawarandS.P.Muley
DepartmentofZoology,V.P.College,VaijapurDist.,Aurangabad DepartmentofZoology,VivekanandCollege,Aurangabad rknimbalkar@gmail.com
InIndiathedistributionsofmostpollinatorspeciesarepoorlydocumentedandevenwiththeirimportanceinproviding ecosystemservices,whilethesespeciesarethreatenedbymanyaspects.Mountingevidencedemonstratesthatthere havealreadybeenbioticresponsestotherelativelysmallclimatechangesthathaveoccurredthiscentury.Inpresent studythediversityofsevenPapilionidaebutterflyfromGautalaWildlifeSanctuaryofMaharashtrawasstudiedin correlationwithhostplantdiversity,followedbyhostplantdensity,herbdensityandfoliageheightdiversity.The diversityofPapilionidaebutterfliesindrydeciduousforestwasaverage,inevergreenalotlessandinscrubforest, moistdeciduousandinteakplantationitwasgood.Thepresentstudysuggestedmoreintensivestudyonthe populationecologyandpresentdistributionofPapilionidaeandallotherbutterfliesareneededfortheconservationof Swallowtailbutterflies.
041 ButterfliesDiversityofTadobaAndhariTigerReserveForestinChandrapur DistrictofMaharashtra

D.D.Barsagade,A.M.Khurad,M.S.Munir,S.S.KhadakkarandS.K.Channe
DepartmentofZoology,MJFEducationalCampus,RTMNagpurUniversity,Nagpur440033 dr_ddbars@rediffmail.com
TadobaAndharitigerreserveislocatedinChandrapurdistrictofVidarbharegionofMaharastra.Theforestaredry deciduoustypewithmixplantationofTendu,Teak,Behara,Dhawda,Yen,Arjuna,Jamunandmanyshrubs,herbsand grasses.Theforestsarereachwithdivershabitat,withverityofseasonalfloweringplantswherebutterfliesare diversified.AmongthereachLepidopterandiversity,40butterflyspecieshavebeenidentifiedwhichbelongstothe9 families.AmongthemfamilyNymphalidaerepresentmorenumberofspeciesfollowedbyPieridae,Lycaenidaeand Danaidae.Thespeciesarediscussedinresults.
042 CitizenscienceaconservationtoolforLepidopteranstudiesinMaharashtra
V.Shubhalaxmi
HornbillHouse,ShaheedBhagatSinghMarg,Fort,Mumbai,Maharashtra vshubhalaxmi@gmail.com
IndevelopedcountriessuchasUnitedStatesandUnitedKingdom,CitizenSciencehasbeenpopularespeciallyinthe fieldofornithology.Thisapproachinvolvesamateursincollectingscientificdata.InMaharashtraforfirsttimethis approachwasusedtostudymothfaunaofnorthernWesternGhats.Thestudyinvolveddocumentationofmothfauna in8locations.Threevolunteerswereselectedandtrainedforthework.Theworkspannedintotwoyears(20042006). Thefirstyearwasspentindatacollectionthroughlighttrapswhichweresetupduringnewmoonnights.Thesecond yearwasspentinidentificationforwhichinternationalexpertisewassought.Thiscombinedeffortsresultedintoa collaborativepaperwhichdocumentedmothinventoryof392(296identified,96unidentified)mothspeciesfrom24
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mothfamiliesbelongingto15superfamilies.Ofthemothspeciesrecorded,withreferencetotheirpublished distributionranges,7speciesappearedtobenewrecordsforIndia,rangeextensionswerenotedfor134speciesand 26specieswereendemictoIndia.Thetrainedvolunteerscontinuetocarryoutmothstudiesintheirowncapacities beyondthestudyperiod.Thisapproachwhichbringstogetherlocalexpert,localcitizensandinternationalexpertsfor localscientificstudiesisasuccessfultriomodeltoemulate.Ifapplied,forfuturestudiesbyinvolvinglargervolunteer basewillresultinextensivesurveysformothfaunaalloverthecountry.
043 ButterflyDiversityinRelationtoNectarFoodPlantsfromBhorTahsil,Pune DistrictMaharashtra

Nimbalkar,R.K.,Chandekar,S.K.&Khunte,S.P.
DepartmentofZoology,VinayakraoPatilMahavidyalaya,Vaijapur,Dist.Aurangabad(M.S.) DepartmentofZoology,AnnasahebMagarMahavidyalaya,Pune DepartmentofBotany,MahatmaPhuleCollege,Pimpri,Pune rknimbalkar@gmail.com
Floralattributesarewellknowntoinfluencenectarfeedingbutterflies.However,thereispaucityofinformationon foodresourcesofadultbutterfliesascomparedtothatoflarvae.ThepresentstudywascarriedoutfromBhorTahsilof DistrictPune,Maharashtra,India,duringAugust2007toAugust2009.Atotalof64Butterflyspecieswererecorded. FamilyNymphalidaeisdominatinginstudyarea,followedbyLycaenidae,Pieridae,HesperiidaeandPapilionidae.19 Nectarfoodplantswereidentifiedbelongingto10plantfamilies.PlantsofAsteraceaefamilyaremoreusedby butterfliesasnectarfoodplants.VisitsofButterfliesweremorefrequenttoflowerswithtubularcorollasthantonon tubularones,toflowerscolouredred,yellow,blueandpurplethanthosecolouredwhite&pinkandtoflowersources availableforlongerperiodintheyear.SpeciesabundancereachedthepeakinthemonthsduringAugusttoNovember. AdeclineinspeciesabundancewasobservedfromthemonthsDecembertoJanuaryandcontinueduptotheendof May.Ourfindingsareimportantwithrespecttomonitoringbutterflyandplantdiversityanddefiningconservation strategiesintheBhorTahsil.
045 Documentation,monitoringandconservationofbutterflyfaunainCoastal Karnataka

Chakravarthy,A.K.,Shashank,P.R.,andDoddabasappa,B.
DepartmentofEntomology,UniversityofAgriculturalSciences,GKVK,Bangalore chakravarthyakshay@yahoo.com
InvestigationswerecarriedoutonbutterflyfaunaincoastalKarnatakafromOctober2005toSeptember06andfrom January2008toDecember2009in16locationsofcoastalKarnatakaalongastretchof250km.Onehundredand twelvespeciesofButterfliesbelongingto8familiesand70generawereidentified.Someoftheuncommonandrare butterflieswere:OrangeTailOwl(Bibasissena),TamilSpottedFlat(Celaenrrhinusnficernis),SpottedAngle(Caproma agama),Contignousswift(Polytremislubricans),LargeBandedSwift(Pelopididassubochracea),Waxdart(Cupitna purrea),Treeflitter(Hyarotisadrustus),Tamiloakblue(Arhopalabazaloides),SouthernBirdwing(Troidesminos), MalabarBandedpeacock(Papiliocrino)etc.Semievergreenvegetation,tropicalandmoistdeciduousforestplaysan importantroleinbutterflydiversityandhabitatpreference.Thelittoralandswampvegetationoccurringalongthe riverestuaries,creeksinletsandislandsincludeplantslikeCrotalariaverrucosa,Launaeapinnatifida,Mangrove beanstalketc.SomeoftheendemicbutterflyspecieswhichoccurtypicallyinCoastalKarnatakaareSouthernBird wing,MalabarRose,MalabarBandedSwallowtail,MalabarRaven,MalabarBandedPeacock,MalabarTreeNymph, NilagiriTiger,RedspottedDuke,TamilLacewing,NilagiriCloudedYellow,etc. Hotspotsforconservationofbutterflies arethepublicparks,openareassurroundingpublicoffices,openareassurroundingeducationalinstitutionsandalong thecoastsomepatchesoffloweringplantscanbemaintainedtoattractbutterfliesandbees.Commonflowering shrubs(Largestromialanceolata,Barrintoniaraecemosa,Hibiscussinensis,Oleandersp,jacarandasp.,Cassiajavanica, Neeriumsp.andIxorasp.etc)andtreeslikeTabubiaavalanidia,Spathodeacompanulata,Terminaliaballerica, Terminaliaarjuna,Buteamonospermaetc.whichareattractivetobutterflies,beesandsomebirds.Attractiveplants canbegrowninopenareas,gardens,backyardsofhousesandislandswhichwillhelpinconservingthebiological diversity.Pesticideskillbutterflies,caterpillarsandotherusefulinsects.Someasureshavetobetakentoavoid
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insecticidesandherbicidesinsuchhotspots.Peopleshouldbeeducatedbyconductingawarenessprogramson butterflyconservation.Tourismanddevelopmentactivityalongthecoastalregionshouldberestricted.Someofthe endangeredspeciesofbutterfliescanberearedundercageconditionsandreleased.
046 InfectionstatusofWolbachiasupergroupinsomecommonlyavailable butterfliesofIndiaandfemalebiasedsexratioobservedinRedPierrot (Talicadanyseus)whichharborstheinfection

KunalAnkolaandPuttarajuH.P.
SchoolofNaturalSciences,DivisionofBiologicalSciences,BangaloreUniversity,Bangalore kunalankola05@gmail.com
ThematernallyinheritedobligatebacteriaWolbachiaisknowntoinfectvariouslepidopteraninsects.Howeversofaronlyfew butterflyspeciesharboringthisbacteriahavebeenthoroughlystudied.Thecurrentstudyaimsinidentifyingtheinfectionstatus ofthesebacteriainsomeofthecommonlyfoundbutterflyspeciesinIndia.Atotalof9butterfliesspeciesbelongingto4 differentfamilieswerescreenedwithWolbachiaspecificwspandftsZprimers.ThepresenceofWolbachiasupergroupBinthe butterflyRedPierrotandBlueMormonisdocumentedforthefirsttimeinthecurrentstudy.Thestudyalsogivesanaccounton thelifetimefecundityandfemalebiasedsexratioRedPierrotbutterflyrevealingtheputativeroleofWolbachiainfemale biasedsexratiodistortion.
047 DiversityofButterflySpeciesAbundanceInWesternGhats,Kerala
P.V.VineethaandK.Revathi
EthirajCollegeforwomen,Chennai reva63@rediffmail.com
Biodiversityisthevarietyoflifedescribingthenumberandvariabilityinrelationtoecosystemsinwhichtheyoccur. Keralahasrichbiodiversitywhichdeservestobestudiedanditisdifficulttask.Henceanattemptwasmadetostudy thediversityofbutterflyspeciesinkallamalaforaperiodof10monthsfromSeptember2009June2010.Duringthat periodabout107speciesofbutterflieswererecordedfromdifferenthabitatsofKallamalasuchasplantations, cultivationandnaturalforest.KallamalaisvillageinAttappadyhillslocatednearSilentValleyNationalParkwhichis famousforitsbiodiversityandtheconservationofspecieabundances.Alongwithbirdsbutterfliesarealsoregardedas thepowerfulmonitoringtoolsinenvironmentmanagementbecauseoftheirdiversityandsensitivity.Butterfliesare habitatspecificandareimportantpollinators.TherecordedspeciesincludesmanyEndemic,Migratoryandnear threatenedspecies.Theconservationofbiodiversityisveryimportantforthemanagementofourecosystembecause bothecosystemandbiodiversityarecloselyrelatedandInterdependent.Morenumberofspecieswererecordedfrom thenaturalforestareawhichsupportsalargediversityofflora.Therewasnotmuchdifferenceobservedinspecies abundanceinalmostallthehabitatbecauseofthediversityofplantsanditindicatesthehealthoftheenvironmentin thestudyarea.Conservationoffloraandfaunaareveryimportantbecausetherichbiodiversityofanecosystem indicatesthehealthoftheenvironment.Butterfliesandbirdsareveryimportantindicatorsofenvironmentalhealth. Natureshouldnotbedestroyedandithastobemaintainedforarichbiodiversity.Henceattemptsshouldbemadeto studythebiodiversityoftheecosystemandstepsshouldbetakentoconservethebiodiversityofourecosystem.
048 ButterflydiversityintheecoforestandadjoiningareasofAssamUniversity campus,Silchar,Assam

P.ChoudhuryandS.Changmai
DepartmentofEcologyandEnvironmentalScience,AssamUniversity,Silchar,Cachar,Assam parthankar@rediffmail.com
AstudyonthediversityofbutterflyinnaturalandmanmodifiedhabitatswascarriedoutintheEcoforestandits adjoiningareasofAssamUniversityCampus,Silchar,SouthAssamforsixmonths(fromDecember2009toMay2010) usingthelinetransectmethod.Thestudywasfirstofitskindthatmadeanattempttounderstandthebutterflyfauna
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oftheregionandtohavebaselineinformationonitscommunities,hostplantsanditsconservationstatusincluding differentthreats.Duringthepilotstudy,atotalof63butterflyspeciesbelongingto41generaunder6familieswere encountered.Nymphalidaewasthelargestamongtheidentifiedfamilies.MorediversitywasobservedintheEco forestareaoftheuniversityincomparisontotheUniversityCampusproper&nearbyIrongmaravillageareas,thelatter twohavingmoreanthropogenicdisturbances.Fewrareandendangeredspecieswerealsorecordedduringthestudy. Someseriousthreatstobutterfliesinthestudyareawerealsodetectedduringtheshorttermstudy.
049 MalematelocationbehaviourandencountersitesofCentralIndian butterflies:Influenceoftaxonomy,biotopes,landscapestructures, resources,morphology,andpopulationvariables

AshishDTiple,SonaliVPadwadandRogerLHDennis
ForestEntomologyDivision,TropicalForestResearchInstitute,Jabalpur,MadhyaPradesh NERCCentreforEcologyandHydrology,MonksWood,AbbotsRipton,Huntingdon,CambridgeshirePE282LS,UK.Institutefor Environment,SustainabilityandRegeneration,StaffordshireUniversity,MellorBuilding,CollegeRoad,StokeonTrentST42DE,UK.School ofLifeSciences,OxfordBrookesUniversity,Headington,OxfordOX30BP,UK. ashishdtiple@yahoo.co.in
Malematelocationbehaviourandencountersiteshavebeenstudiedin72butterflyspeciesatNagpur,India,and relatedtotaxonomy,morphology,habitatandpopulationparameters.Speciescanbeplacedinthreebroadclassesof matelocationbehaviour:invariantpatrolling,invariantperching,andperchpatrol,thelatterassociatedwithincreasing sitefidelity,territorialdefenceandmaleassemblages.Significanttaxonomicdifferencesoccur,closelyrelatedspecies tendingtosharematelocationbehaviours.Morphologicaldifferencesarefoundwithheavierandlargerbutterflies displayinggreatersitefidelityandterritorialdefenceanddifferencesoccurringbetweenindividualsofspecieswhich bothperchandpatrol.Invariantpatrollingisparticularlyassociatedwithtracksthroughvegetation,hostplanttrack distributions,andhighfemaletomalenumbersobservedontransects;invariantperchingislinkedtomoretoedge featuresthanpatrolling,andtolowerpopulationcountsontransect.Specieswhichperchpatrol,defendterritoriesand establishmaleassemblagesareassociatedwithmorecomplexvegetationstructures,andhaveencountersitesat vegetationedges,landformsandpredictableresource(hostplant)concentrations.Theevolutionofdifferentmale matelocationbehavioursismodelledoncurrentknowledgeandattentionisdrawntotheimportanceofdistinctive mateencountersitesforbutterflyspeciesconservation.
050 InteractionofLepidopterawiththeFloraofMandapamGroupofIslands
JulietVanitharani,C.Shanmugapriya,B.KavithaBharathi,andI.VijiMargaret
BatResearchLaboratory,AdvancedZoologyandBiotechnologyDepartmentandResearchCentre,SarahTuckerCollege(Autonomous), Tirunelveli627007,TamilNadu jvanitharani@gmail.com
TheGulfofMannar(GoM),whichisthefirstMarineBiosphereReservesestablishedinIndia,liesbetweenIndiaandSri Lankacomprises21islandsamongthemMandapamgroupofisland(Hare,Manoli,Manoliputti,Poomarichan, Pullivasal,KrusadaiandShingle)areoneoftherichestcoastalregionsforbiodiversityinAsia.Eachislandhasitsunique characteristics,surroundedbycoralreefswithrichfaunalandfloraldiversity.Lepidopteraisoneofthemajororderof phytophagousinsectsthatincludescalywingedbutterfliesandmothsoccupiedthisinsularislandarea.Theyactasan importantindicatorsofenvironmentalhealthandtheecosystemservicesprovidedbythemareimmense."Butterflies, forinstance,playahugelypivotalroleaspollinatorsintheecosystemsinwhichtheylive."Theyareimportant herbivorousinsectsthathaveadirecttropicrelationshipwithplants.Somespeciesarepestsbecauseintheirlarval stagestheydamagesomeflora;however,somespeciesareagentsofpollinationofsomeendemicplants,and caterpillarsofafewbutterflies(e.g.,Harvesters)eatharmfulinsects.Lepidopteranattractiveplantspeciesare Thespesiapopulnea,Dolichoslablaklinn,Cocciniagrandis,Salvadorapersica,Pemphisacidula.andsoon.This mutualisticinteractionpermitsfloralrestorationandconservationintheislands.Theseinsectsgettherewardoffood andbenefitstheplantsincrosspollination.Thepresentstudyhaslistedthenumberofplantspeciesbenefitedthrough thisinteractionandtheneededimplicationsforconservationandmanagementpractices.
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051 Hostplantdiversityofbutterfliesandmothsandtheirconservation stratgetiesinWesternGhats,SouthernIndia

MuruganK.
DepartmentofZoology,SchoolofLifeSciences,BharathiarUniversity,Coimbatore641046,India kmvvk@yahoo.com
IndiaisanationofexordinarydiversityandtheWesternGhatsistheHottestHotSpotforbutterfliesandmothbiodiversity andshowshighestendemism.Theendemicspeciesofbutterfliesandmothsandtheirhostplantsarelostrapidlydue tomanmadeactivities.Thelifeofeachspeciesisdependentonaparticularrangeoffoodplants.Anychangeinthe habitatthatdamagesfoodplantscanthreatenbutterfliesandmoths.Sincetheyfunctionassensitiveindicatorsof environmentalchangetheyactasflagshipspeciesfornatureconservation.Hence,inthepresentstudywediscussedon thehostplants(larvalandadulthostplantspectrum)ofcertainbutterfliesandmothsintheWesternGhats,Tamil Nadu,andSouthernIndiaand(ii)tostudythebiochemicaladaptationalsignificanceinrelationtohostplantselection ofbutterfliesandmoths.Hostplantsofcertainfamilies(Papilionidae,Danaidae,Lycaenidae,andPieridae)of butterfliesandmothshavebeenincludedandfurtherinfluenceofphysicalandbiochemicalnatureofhostplantsand thefoodplantselectionaswellasnutritionalecologyofbutterfliesandmothswerealsoincluded.Hostplantinfluence onthefeeding,growthandreproductionofPapiliobutterfly,PapiliopolytesonthehostplantssuchasMurraya koenigii,Glycosmispentaphylla,AeglemarmelosandCitrusmedica.Amongthehostplants,M.koenigiirearedinsects showedbetterlifehistoryperformancesandmaximalfoodutilizationandfecundity.ItrevealedthatM.koenigii possesshigherconcentrationofnutritionalcomponentsintermsofprotein,carbohydrates,lipids,nitrogenand optimumwatercontent.Similarly,thePieridbutterfly,CatopsiliaflorellahadhighergrowthrateonCassiaauriculata thantheCassiaoccidentalisanditindicatesthatthenutritionalprofilesofhostplants(Cassiaauriculata)enhancedthe growthanddevelopmentofC.florella.Biologicalstudiesofmilkweedbutterfly,D.chrysippusondifferentagedleaves (young,matureandsenescent)andinflorescenceofC.gigantearevealedthatthegreatergrowthrate,faster development,higherfecundityandmaximumlongevitywereonyoungleavesthanontheotheragesandinflorescence andarecloselyparallelwithleafnitrogenandwatercontent.Theseresultsclearlydemonstratethatleaf water/nitrogenindexisthedeterminantfactorforthegrowthanddevelopmentofD.chyrsippusonyoungleavesof Calotropisgigantea.D.chyrsippuswhenfedonsenescentleaveshadlowconsumptionindex,growthrateand nutritionalefficiencymeasures.Thismaybeduetothenegativeeffectsofplanttoughness,fibercontentandhigher levelofcardiacglycosidelevel(allelochemicals).Thegreatergrowthrateandfasterdevelopmentaltimewasnoticedin Daphnisnerii(Sphingidmoth)andEuploeacore(Danaidbutterfly)larvaerearedonyoungleavesofNeriumoleander ratherthanotherleafstagesmaybeduetothehighassimilationcapacityofthelarvaeonyoungleaves.Hencetheleaf watercompositionistheimportantlimitingresourceforD.neriiandE.coretoperformgrowthandreproduction. Flowervisitationofbutterfliesindifferenthostplantsinrelationtosugarutilizationpatternhavealsorevealedthat adulthostplantselectionismainlydeterminedbiochemicalcomponentsinthenectars(sugarsandaminoacids).The roleofhostplantchemical(deterrent/stimulant)stimuliinhostselectionfortheovipositionoffemalehasconsiderable importancefortheprogenyproductionoffemales.Mudpuddlingofbutterflies(male)withselectiveintakeofsalts (sodium,potassium,chlorides,andmagnesium)maybeusedasnutrientsforthesuccessfulmating.Somemale danaidsareattractedtoCrotolariaspp.foralkaloids(Pyrrolizidinealkaloids(PAs)monocrotaline)fromthevarious partsofplantssuchasfloralnectar,pods,leavesandrootsanddecomposedpartsoftheplants.Itisalsoimportantfor thehostplantselectionofdanaidbutterfliesandissuggestedthatthesechemicalsstoredinthebodytissuesfor pheromoneproduction.Incontrastthearctiidmoth(Arginaastrea)usedCrotolariaspp.aslarvalfoodplants.Pesticide poisoningstowildlifemayresultfromacuteorchronicexposure.Pesticidescontaminationsinthecropplantsand floweringplantsdirectlyorindirectlyaffectedbutterflyandmoths.Similarly,butterfliesarealsoaffectedby contaminatedsoilbytakingsaltsanditcanbetransferredtothefemale..Periodicalenvironmentalmonitoringand researchinvestigationleadingtotheidentificationoflarvalandadulthostplants(nectarsource/oviposition)andtheir influenceonthegrowth,developmentandreproductionofeachspeciesofbutterfliesareofandmothsisparamount importancenotonlyformaintainingthebutterflygardenaswellastogoforinsituandexsituconservation.
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052 Studyonseasonalabundanceandspeciesdiversityofbutterfliesamong selectedfourtrailsinKiralakellewetlandinMataraDistrict

W.M.C.D.Wijekoon,C.N.L.BogahawatteandH.C.E.Wegiriya
DepartmentofZoology,FacultyofScience,UniversityofRuhuna,Matara,SriLanka chandanadammika@yahoo.com
PresentstudyinvestigatedtheseasonalabundanceanddiversityofbutterfliesinselectedtrailsinKiralakellewetland fromJanuarytoDecember2008.ItwasproposedecotourismcentreinMataraDistrict.Fourbutterflytrailswere selectedandpointscanlinetransecttechniquewasusedtosurveyofbutterflies.Abundance,diversityandevenness indiceswereestimated.Seasonalabundanceofrecordedbutterflieswascountedintwiceamonth. Recorded24speciesofbutterfliesrepresentedinnine(9)families.Tworarespecies,BandedBluePierrot(Discolampa ethionethion),SmallBandedSwift(Pelopidasmathiasmathias)andoneuncommonspeciesGreatCrow(Euploea phaenaretacorus)wererecorded.Fiftypercentofbutterflieswererepresentedinthreefamilies,Danaidae, Nymphalidae,Papilionidaebelongingfourspeciesineachfamily.Trail2hadhighestSpeciesdiversityandEvenness. Trail1hadthehighestabundanceofbutterflieswithrepresentingdrasticallyhighernumberofBlueGlassyTiger (Ideopsissimilesexprompta),whichwasoneofthefivehighabundancebutterflythroughouttheyear,whileabundance ofotherbutterflyspecieswerevariedinseasonally.GreatCrow(Euploeaphaenaretacorus)representedonlyintrail1 andAngledcastor(Ariadneariadneminorata)confinedtotrail2.Achecklistofrecordedbutterflyspecieswas prepared.Hence,collecteddataduringthisstudyisimportanttogivebaselineinformationonthisimportantgroupof faunainnaturetrailsandtodesignsuitableconservationandfutureecotourismprogramstoprotectthishabitat.
053 DiversityandConservationstatusofButterfliesinReverstonKnuckles MassifofSriLanka

P.IndikaPeabotuwage1,3,D.P.K.Siriwardena1,MaheshSuraweera1,SolMogollonesBarrera2
DepartmentofBotany,FacultyofScience,UniversityofPeradeniya UniversityofAberdeen peabotuwage@gmail.com
2 1
TheKnucklesisaworldheritageforestincentralpartofSriLankawhichisabiodiversityhotspot.Therearemainlyfive foresttypesintheknucklesrangewhicharesemievergreenforests,submontaneforests,montaneforests,patanaand grasslandsandriverineforests.Butterfliesareeasilyrecognizablebioticcomponentoftheecosystem,astheyare visiblyattractiveandcolorful.Theecologicalroleofthebutterfliesinanecosystemisnotonlyasherbivores,butalsoas importantpollinators.Thereare244speciesinthebutterfliesincluding5familiesand20species(8.19%)areendemic toSriLanka,buttherearelotsofendemicsinsubspecieslevel.IntheReverston(Knuckles),twohabitattypeswere categorizednamely:ForestandGrasslandhabitat.Accordingtothesurvey57specieswererecorded,whichisabout 23.3%ofthetotalSriLankanbutterflyfaunasdescribedtodate(including5endemicspecies).Thegrasslandrepresents 32%andforestsarerepresenting68%speciesdiversity.Thespeciesdiversitywithinthefamiliessuchas,Papilionidae 17.5%(N=10),Pieridae14%(N=8),Nymphalidae57.9%(N=33),Lycaenidae8.8%(N=5)andHesperiidae1.8%(N=1) respectively.Naturalforestsintheislandarerapidlydiminishingasaresultoftheexpansionofsettlementsand agriculturalland,leadingtoadverseimpactsontherichbiodiversity.Duetohumanactivities,cardamomcultivations andbuildingconstructionsnaturalhabitatgetdestroyedintheKnucklesarea.Asaresultbutterflydiversityalsounder threatinknucklesconservationarea.Alsoduetotheairpollutionandpesticidesusedintheseareascausethe reductionofthediversityofbutterflies.
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054 Themoths(Lepidopters:Heterocera)ofNorthMaharashtra:apreliminary checklistofmothfauna
SachinA.Gurule1*,SantoshM.Nikam1,AgnesJ.Kharat1andArjunS.Gurule2
P.G.DepartmentofZoology,K.T.H.M.College,GangapurRoad,Nashik422002(MS),India G.M.D.ArtsB.W.Comm.&Sci.College,Sinnar,Nashik422103(MS),India * sachin.gurule@yahoo.com
2
ThemothfaunaofnorthMaharashtrawasstudiedfromlighttrap&spreadsheetsamples.Atotal728 individualswerecollectedcomprisingof254speciesofmothspertainingto182generaand17familiesare recordedfromNorthMaharashtra.Apreliminarychecklistofmothspeciescollectedfromthenorth MaharashtraispresentedbasedonstudiescarriedoutfromJuly2008toJune2010invariouslocalities.The mothfaunawasalsoveryrichcomprisingmostlyofarborealfeedingformsindicatingafairlyundisturbed forestpatchinthearea.Ofthe17familiesencountered,theNoctuidae,Crambidae,Geometridae& Sphingidaerepresentthemostdiversefamilies.Ashighas33%oftotalspeciescollectedaresingletonsand arerecordedasrarespeciescomprisingof728oftotalindividualscollected.Although789specieshavebeen recordedfromMaharashtrastateparticularly;fromPune,Satara,Mumbai&Khandala(Cotes&C.Swinhoe 188789)but,norecordofmothsfoundfromNashik,Dhule,Jalgaon&Nandurbardistricts.Aninventoryof mothsidentifiedfromthenorthMaharashtrahasbeenpresented.

055 ApreliminarysurveyontheConstellationofsemiaquaticlepidopteransof hillstreamsofsouthernWesternGhats

S.Dinakaran
CentreforResearchinAquaticEntomology,PGandResearchDept.ofZoology,TheMaduraCollege(Autonomous),Madurai.625011 dinkarji@gmail.com
Studiesonaquaticinsectcommunitiesarelimitedintropicalstreamsthantemperatestreams.Itisrather difficulttoestablishthenumberofaquaticspeciesfoundinstreamsofWesternGhats.Thereisapaucityof informationonaquaticinsectsduetoinsufficientfieldstudiesandignoranceonaquaticinsectsaccounted forpoordocumentationofthesecommunitiesofstreamsofWesternGhats.Thoughfewstudiesonaquatic insectsofWesternGhatshavebeenpublishedwhicharemoreonEphemeroptera,Plecoptera,Trichoptera andOdonata,verylittleinformationisavailablewithregardtothepresenceofaquaticLepidopterain streams.Theirexactroleinstreamecosystemandfoodwebisverypoorlystudied.Inthisinvestigation,an attempthasbeenmadetodocumentthepresenceofaquaticLepidopterainstreamsofWesternGhats.50 streamsweresurveyedforthepresenceofaquaticLepidopteraoveraspanoffiveyearsi.e.,betweenJuly 2005andJune2010.Ithasbeenobservedthat,onlysevenstreamsshowedthepresenceofLepidoptera. OnespecieseachfromthegeneraAulacodesandParagyrachswereidentifiedbasedonavailableliterature. Ithasbeenbelievedthattaxonomyandphylogenyofthegeneraareinadequatelyknown.Studiesonthe ecologyofaquaticLepidopteraarevitalasbiologicalagentsforadventivesandnuisanceaquaticplants. Enormousstudiesneedtobeexploredinthelightoflifecyclepatternandecologyofthismostignored groupofaquaticinsects.
056 Diversity,endemismandconservationofIndianbutterflies
KrushnameghKunte
IndianFoundationforButterflies.608,BWing,ShukrataraApartments,NawashaMarutiLane,SinhagadRoad,Pune411030,India. krushnamegh@ifoundbutterflies.org
Indiaisamegabiodiversecountryencompassingfourglobalbiodiversityhotspots.Ithostsapproximately 2,500butterflyspeciesandsubspecies,nearly20%ofwhichareendemicandshowaffinitieswithvarious 30
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zoogeographicregions.Theremarkabletaxondiversity,endemismandbiogeographyofIndianbutterflies makethemahighprioritytargetfordiversityandconservationstudies.However,theseaspectsarepoorly documented,especiallywithinIndiasbiodiversityhotspots. HereIpresentspatialandtaxonomicpatternsofdiversity,endemismandbiogeographicaffinitiesofIndian butterflies.Endemismatthesubspecieslevelisveryhigh:3540%formostgroups.Overalltaxondiversityis highestintheE.HimalayaandNEIndia,whereastheproportionofendemictaxaishighestintheAndaman andNicobarIslands.MostbutterfliesshowbiogeographicaffinitywiththeOrientalRegion,indicatingthat bioticcolonizationofIndiawaspredominatedbyIndoChineseandSEAsianelements,despiteIndiasshared platetectonichistorywithAfricaandMadagascar.However,endemismlevelsarehighestwithinbutterfly groupsthatshowbiogeographicaffinitieswiththePalaearcticRegion.Thus,Indianbutterfliesshowcomplex patternsofcolonization,diversificationandendemism.Thesepatternssuggestspecificconservation priorities:theE.HimalayaandNEIndiaRegionsrequireattentionfortheiroverallbutterflydiversity,andthe AndamanNicobarIslandsrepresentexceptionalhotspotsofendemism.
057 PhylogeneticinferenceofLepidopteraforconservationbiology
M.Jeyam1,P.Ravikumar2,G.Shalini3,M.Sharanya4andP.Keerthipriya
1
AssistantProfessor,
2,3,4
Ph.D.Scholars,BiochematicsLaboratory,DepartmentofBioinformatics,BharathiarUniversity,Coimbatore46
OvermillionsofyearstheEarthhasnurturedinnumerablespecies,providingalltherequirementsforlifeto flourish.TherehavebeenalsoancientextinctionsthroughNaturalextinctionwhichleadstoevolutionbut thisprocessisveryslowandanewspeciesevolvesintimetoreplacetheextinctoneinthebiosphere.Inthe currenteraofindustrialization,theextinctionrateisveryhighandwearelosingdozensofspecieseveryday duetoactivitiesofourhumanrace.Conservationofendangeredorthreatenedspeciesgenerallyrefersto anyactiontakentoprotectthemintheirhotspots.Thiswillmitigatethethreatonthesespeciestoalarge extent;therehavebeenseveralcasesofanendangeredspeciesrecoveringsuccessfully.Phylogenyplaysan importantroleinconservationbiologybyprovidingevolutionarydistinctivenessorphylogeneticdiversity. Phylogenyisusefulinunderstandingtheprocessesthatcouldleadtodiminutionofthespecieswhichcan helpprioritizeconservationeffortsandisapowerfultoolforconservingbiodiversity. Henceinthepresentstudy,fiveendangeredspecies,Teinopalpusaureus,Sasakiacharonda,Parnassius bremeri,Papiliomaraho,Lycaeidesmelissa,wereselectedforphylogeneticstudies.Thenucleotide sequencesforthesespecieswereretrievedfromNCBIandweresubjectedtoBLASTsearchandtheclosely relatedsequenceswereobtained.MultiplesequencealignmentwasperformedusingCLUSTALXandthe resultsweresavedinthePhylipformat.Thephylogenetictreesforeachoftheseendangeredspecieswere constructedusingPHYLIP.Theresultsofallfivetreesshowedtheendangeredspeciesgroupedtogether, indicatingapossibiltythatsomefactoriscommontoallofthem.TheendangeredCoreanaraphaelisand Atogeiameletewerealsointhegroupalongwiththeselectedendangeredspeciesandwerecloselyrelated toSasakiacharonda.Fromtheresultsofthepresentstudy,itcanbeinferredthatspeciescloselyrelatedto theendangeredspeciesmustbegivenattentioninconservationasthereisariskofitbecomingendangered withtime. 31
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058 SpeciesInformationService(SIS):Webbasedspeciesmanagementtool
SanjayMolurandB.A.Daniel
ZooOutreachOrganisation,Coimbatore herpinvert@gmail.com,badaniel@zooreach.org
TheIUCNRedListisgrowingwiththeincreasedthreatforthespeciesandhencetheneedfor documentationisessential.TheSpeciesInformationServiceisatoolthatincreasethequalityand transparencyofRedListassessmentswhilefacilitatingsmoothcollaborationamongexperts.TheSIStool improvetheabilityoftheSSCandIUCNRedListPartnerstocollect,manage,andusespeciesinformation. Thisenhanceandimproveusability,accessibilityandreachoftheIUCNRedListofThreatenedspecies.The papergivesanintroductiontoSIStool.

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ABSTRACTSPOSTERPRESENTATION
201 Effectoftemperatureonthedevelopmentalstagesofthepredatorybutterfly Spalgisepius(Westwood)(Lepidoptera:Lycaenidae)
Theapefly,Spalgisepius(Westwood)(Lepidoptera:Lycaenidae)isanimportantpredatorofvariousspeciesofmealy bugs.Theeffectoftemperatureonthedevelopmentalperiod,mortality,eggshatchingandadultemergenceofS.epius rearedonmealybugs,Planococcuscitriwasstudiedatfourconstanttemperatures(26,28,30and320C)withasingle constanthumidity65%RHinthelaboratory.Themeanincubationperiodofeggwas4.75,3.03,3.27and3.05daysat 26,28,30and320C,respectively.Thetotallarvalperiodwas9.42,8.31,7.46,and8.25days,respectivelyattheabove temperatures.Similarly,pupacompleteditsdevelopmentin12.85,8.81,8.41&8.08days.Thehighpupalmortalitywas noticedat300C.Thepredatorcompleteditslifecyclein27.7,21.26,20.2&20.3days,respectivelyatthefour temperatures.Thepercenthatchabilitywasvariedfrom94.2to53%atfourdifferenttemperatures.Thehighest percentegghatchingwasrecordedat280C.Thepercentlarvalmortalitywas12.5,2.8,3.1and20%atincreasingfour temperatures.Theresultsofthisstudyindicatedthat280CwasthemostsuitabletemperatureforrearingofS.epiusasit accountedforlowmortalityofalldevelopmentalstages.AlthoughothertemperatureshowedquickdevelopmentofS. epius,therewasahighpercentofmortalityofthedevelopingstages.Thepresentstudyisusefulformassmultiplication ofS.epius.
202 Flightpatternsandbehaviourofvariousbutterflyspeciesinurbanhabitatsof Bangalore,Karnataka

Theobservationsweremadeontheflightactivitypatternsof84butterflyspeciesinurbanhabitatofBangalore.Of them,Hypolimnasbolina,H.misippus,PareroniavaleriaandPapiliopolytesweremimickingspecies.About27species ofbutterflieswasshowedactivitiesinrestrictedplaces.Similarly,PolyuraathamasandYthimaboldus(Nymphalidae) showedhighpreferencetomoistenvironment.Papiliodemoleus,P.polytes(Papilionidae),Danauschrysippus (Danaidae)andMelanitisleda(Satyridae)werecommonlyseeninhumanhabitations.Majorityoftherecordedspecies usuallyfoundinopenplacesandrarelyinshadowareas.About19specieswereactivefromearlymorningtoevening. Melanitisledacommonlyseenintheeveningandwasattractedtolight.Someofthespecies(Melanitisleda,Mycalesis perseus,YthimaboldusandElymniashypermenstra)exhibiteddistinctwetanddryseasonforms.Mostofthe butterflieswerefoundflyingclosetothegroundlevel,butonlyafewsuchasDanausgenutia,D.chrysippus,Euploea core,Papiliopolytes,Catopsiliapyranthefoundsometimeflyinghighupinthewind.Further,theflightspeedofvarious butterfliesisrathervariable.Thefieldmarginstructureinfluencesbutterflydistribution.Theavailabilityofhostand nectarplants,lightandtemperatureconditionsgreatlyinfluencebutterflyactivitiesinlocalpatches.
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203 Biology,behaviourandconservationofpredatorybutterflySpalgisepius (Westwood)(Lepidoptera:Lycaenidae)

Venkatesha,M.G.andA.S.Dinesh
DepartmentofZoology,BangaloreUniversity JnanaBharathi,Bangalore,Karnataka,India venkatmelally@gmail.com
Thelifehistoryandbehaviourofmealybugpredator,Spalgisepius(Westwood)(Lepidoptera:Lycaenidae)rearedon mealybugs,Planococcuscitri(Risso)(Homoptera:Pseudococcidae)wasstudiedinthelaboratory.LarvaeofS.epiusare apotentialpredatorofdifferentspeciesofmealybugsinIndia.Thelarvamoultedthreetimesandtherewerefour larvalstages.Thesedentaryfirstinstarlarvaateeggmass,whereasotherlarvalinstarsconsumedallstagesof mealybugs.S.epiuscompleteditslifecyclein23.81.5days.Itisamultivoltinespeciesandcompleted1012 generationsinayear.Ameannumberofmatureandimmatureeggspresentinthedissectedsynovigenicgravid femalewas74.68.6.Theadultsenclosedinvariablybetween1130and1530handreadyformatingonedayafter eclosion.Matingtookplacegenerallybetween1130and1400hrs.underbrightordiffusedsunlight.Themale defendeditsterritoryifanothermaleintruded.Thepairremainedincopulaonanaverageof61.36.2min.The femaletomalesexratiowas1.45:1.Thepreovipositionperiodwas34daysaftermating.Thebutterflywasmass breadinthelaboratoryandutilizedasabiocontrolagentofmealybugs.Toconservethispredatorinthefield,the methodstobefollowedarediscussed.
204 Chromolaenaodorata(L.)King&H.E.Robins(Asteraceae),animportant nectarsourceforadultbutterflies

P.VaraLakshmiandA.J.SolomonRaju
DepartmentofEnvironmentalSciences,AndhraUniversity,Visakhapatnam ajsraju@yahoo.com
Chromolaenaodorataisaseasonalweedandgrowslikeacultivatedcrop.ItflowersduringOctoberDecember.The floralcharacteristicssuchaswhitetopurplecolourofflorets,shorttubednarrowcorollawithdeepseatednectar,the morninganthesisandtheflattoppedheadinflorescenceprovidingastandingplatformareimportantattractantsfor visitationbybutterflies.Thefloretsattractbutterfliesoffivefamiliesandsphingidhawkmoths.Amongthebutterflies, Nymphalidsarediverseandvisitthefloretsconsistently;theirvisitseffectpollination.Thediurnalhawk moths,MacroglossumgyransandCephonodeshylasalsovisitthefloretsduringdawnandduskhoursfornectar,and effectpollination.Therefore,C.odorata,beinganexoticisanimportantnectarsourceforadultbutterflies.
205 PopulationVariationsAmongSwallowtailButterfliesAtBishopHeber College,Tiruchirappalli,TamilNadu

Carlton.R,A.DaisyCaroline,A.Relton,G.GlennyJocelyn
BhishopHeberCollege,Trichy,TamilNadu,India carltonjune@gmail.com
BishopHeberCollegeainstitutionofhighereducationissetinsprawling25acresoflandofbeautifulsurroundingsin Tiruchirappalli,India.Thecampusisbeautifiedwithvarietiesoftrees,plantsandgardenswithwatersources.The Vasanthamgardenattheentranceofthecollegenotonlyaddsbeautyandcoolatmosphere,butalsoattractsnumber ofbirdandbutterfliesduetovarietiesinfloweringplantslikelantana,alamanda,hibiscus,ixora,curryleaves,nerium, tridaxandothers.Thecampuswithherbsandshrubsprovideanampleatmosphereforthebutterfliestofeedand breed.ThepresentstudyfocusestofindthepopulationvariationamongswallowtailbutterfliesatBishopHeber College.Thestudywascarriedoutforoneyear.Asaresult7speciesofswallowtailbutterflies(papilionidae)were identifiedandrecordedinthecampus.Limebutterfly,commonroseandcrimsonrosewereabundantinthemonthof Junewhereastheotherfivespecieswerefoundtobeless/leastinthemonthofJune.Howevercommonjay,tailedjay, commonMormon,wasrecordedhighinMarch.BlueMormonwasrecordedinJanuary.Thestudyrevealsthatthe campusisrichinPapilionidaespeciesandsomeconservationmethodsaresuggestedforitsconservation.
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206 StudyofLepidopterainSriLanka:Past,presentandfutureaspects
PostgraduateInstituteofScience,UniversityofPeradeniya,SriLanka Aluthwattha@gmail.com
RecordsofthescientificstudiesofSriLankanlepdopteragobacktoLinnaeusworkinhisSystemaNaturae.Sincethen overtwohundredyearsupto1950svariousWesternersstudiedSriLankanLepidopteraespeciallybutterflies.Studies ofMothslimitedtotheworkofMoorin188081.StudiesonSriLankanbutterfliesdonebefore1950sweremainly focusedontheirdistribution,Lifehistoryandtaxonomy.Studiesthereafterarescaresandlessthanthirtynonepeer reviewedpaperspublishedinlasttwodecadesarelimitedmigrationobservations,notesonlifehistory,checklistsand comparativestudyofbutterflydiversityindeferenthabitats.Workinitiatedbytheauthorinlastfouryearsincludethe studyofbehavioralecology,puddlingandnectarsources,hostplants,mimicry,protectiveresemblanceand morphologicalvariations,effectofpesticides,invasiveplantsandhabitatdegradation,biogeography,Lepidopterapest anddifferentconservationstrategies.AuthoralsocontinuesliteraturereviewandfieldworkofmothsofSriLanka. Futurestudiesshouldfocusonintegratedconservationstrategies,chemicalecology,molecularbiologicalstudies, migrationmappingandadaptationstochangingenvironment.DetailedsystematicstudiesofSriLankanmothsshould bedone.
207 Wildtasarsilkworm,A.mylittaecoraceBhandara(Lepidoptera:Saturniidae) anendemicspecies:NeedofConservation

D.D.Barsagade,S.A.Gharade,H.M.Meshram,M.P.ThakreandG.B.Gathalkar
DepartmentofZoology,MJFEducationalCampus,RTMNagpurUniversity,Nagpur dr_ddbars@rediffmail.com
Antheraeamylitta(Drury)ecoraceBhandaraisacommerciallyimportanttasarsilkecoraceendowedwithsuperior economictraits,viz.,toughcocoonshell,highershellweight,highersilkratio(15%),lowdeniersilk(8.0)anddisease resistancewiththebetterlusterincomparisontosemidomesticatedDabaecoraces.Duetoitsuncheckedexploitation ithasreachedtothebrinkofextinction.Toutilizethisecoraces,forbreedingpurpose,itisnecessarytosaveitfrom extinctionandmultiplyitspopulationundersemidomesticatedconditions.InordertosemidomesticateBhandara ecoraceanattempthasbeenmadetounderstandtheecology,thatincludeitsgeographicaldistribution,biology, physiogenetic,behaviouralandcommercialattributes.Thesignificanceofresultsinviewofconservationmeasuresare undertakenwithhelpoflocaltribalcommunitytosavethisvaluablegeneticmaterialfromextinctionisdiscussed.
208 Effectsofenvironmentalfactorsanddiseasesonbiologyofthewildtasar silkworm,Antheraeamylitta(D).EcoraceBhandara(Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)inVidarbha

D.D.Barsagade,S.A.Gharade,H.M.Meshram,M.P.Thakre,M.P.DharandG.B.Gathalkar
DepartmentofZoology,MJFEducationalCampus,RTMNagpurUniversity,Nagpur manjushree_dhar@yahoo.co.in
InVidarbharegionofMaharashtra,thewildsilk,Antheraeamylitta(D)EcoraceBhandaraistrivoltinetropicaltasar silkworminhabitinthreemainrangesofhillsintracti.e.Ambhagarh,GuikhurirangeandgroupofhillsnearPaoni. Thesearealieinthealtitude1843to215N,longitude7927to8043E.Thepostembryonicdevelopmentof A.mylittaisdrasticallyinfluencedbytheenvironmentalfactori.e.temperature,humidity,rainfallandfoodplants.The mortalityrateof1stto3rdinstarsishigherduetohightemperatureandhumidityinfirstgeneration.Becauseofheavy rainfall1stto5thinstarlarvalmortalityisincreasedupto75%.Inthefirstcropthediseasesflacherie,grasserieand pebrineareequallyimportanttoincreaselarvalmortality.The1stto3rdinstarsaremoresusceptibletoflacherieand grasseriewhere4thto5thinstarsareaffectedbypebrine.
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209 SurfaceultrastructuralandEDAXstudiesontheeggshellofEriSilkworm Philosamiaricini(Lepidoptera:Saturniidae)

D.D.Barsagade,M.P.Thakre,H.M.MeshramandM.Madankar
DepartmentofZoology,MJFEducationalCampus,RTMNagpurUniversity,Nagpur Email:mannu4u@yahoo.in
TheeggshellofErisilkwormPhilosamiariciniisformedfromthesubstancessecretedbyfollicularepitheliumduringthe latevitellogenicstage.Anultrastructuralstudyrevealsthetwolayersofchorion,innertravecularandouterlamellar layer.Thetravecularlayerinternallycoatedwithwaxlayer.Thelamellarlayerisperforatedbynumerousaeropyles. Thescanningelectronmicroscopic(SEM)studiesrevealthedifferentiationofoutersurfaceofeggshellintotwozones micropylaranddisczone.Themicropylarzonecontainsdeeplyconcealedmicropylessurroundedexternallyby follicularcellimpression(FCI)ofrosettepetaloidtypecells.Thedisczonefilledwithhexagonalfollicularcellimpression (FCI)containingvarioussizeofnumerousaeropyles.TheEnergyDispersiveAnalysisofXrays(EDAX)studiesshow abouttenelementspresentontheeggshellsurface.AmongthemsixelementCarbon,Oxygen,Calcium,Sulphur, ChlorineandPotassiumarecommononbothzones.
210 Silkglanddevelopmentandsilkproteinsynthesisinthetropicaltasar silkwormAntheraeamylitta(D)(Lepidoptera:Saturniidae)

D.D.Barsagade,S.A.GharadeandM.P.Dhar
DepartmentofZoology,MJFEducationalCampus,RTMNagpurUniversity,Nagpur shrutii_rok@yahoo.com
Thegradualdevelopmentofthesilkglandcomplexoccursfromthefirsttofifthinstarlarvaeofthetasarsilkworm, AnthereamylittaecoraceBhandara.Thedevelopmentandfunctionalactivityacceleratespredominantlyinthefifth instarlarvainwhicheachsilkglandisdifferentiateintotheanterior,middleandposteriorregionsdistinctly.The developmentofsilkglandpassesthroughgrowth,secretory,regressionanddegenerationphases.Duringthegrowth andsecretoryphasesthecellandnucleishowanenhancedhypertrophy.Theposteriorregionofthesilkglandisthe largestoneandthelumenisfilledwiththesilkproteinsecretiontillthecommencementofspinning.Duringthe spinningperiodthetransportofsilkproteinsecretionfrommiddleandposteriorregionsofthesilkglandstakesplace continuously.Finally,thereleaseofafinethreadfromthespinneretandsubsequentspinningofcocooniswell evident.Soonafterspinningtheepithelialcellsofmiddleandposteriorregionsofthesilkglandsundergoanacute regressionanddegeneration.
211 BiodiversityOfButterfliesInSelectedAreasOfVirudhunagarDistrict
Bakavathiappan,Ga.,Pavaraj,M.andS.Baskaran
PostgraduateandResearchDepartmentofZoology,AyyaNadarJanakiAmmalCollege(Autonomous),Sivakasi626124 pavarajphd@gmail.com
Butterfliesareimportantnaturalresourcesastheyhelpinpollination,andtheyareimportantecologicalindicators. Butterfliesenhancetheaestheticvalueofenvironmentbytheirexquisiteinterestinconservingandmanaging butterflies.Studiesonbutterfliesinanyareawouldhelpustounderstandthestatusofecosystem.Itisessentialthat wedocumentthebutterflyfaunaofcertainregionssothatstepsmaybetakentoensurethesurvivalofthese fascinatingcreaturesforfuturegeneration.Thereislittlethatcanbedonetosaveourbutterfliesoncetheirhabitats aredestroyed.Thusitisimportanttomanageourenvironmentandtocreateawarenessregardingthediversityof butterfliesintothesociety.Hence,inthepresentstudyanattemptwascarriedouttocomparebutterflyspecies compositionanddominantfamiliesofbutterfliesavailableinAruppukottaiandAlangulamareasinVirudhunagar District.InAruppukotaiareatotalof23speciesbelongingtosevenfamiliesofbutterflieswereobserved.InAlangulam areatotalof41butterflyspeciesbelongingto8familieswereobserved.ThestudyrevealedthatthefamiliesPieridae andNymphalidaeweredominantinthesetwoareas.Thepatternsofphenologyrevealedthattheappearanceofmost ofthespeciesofbutterfliesoccurredduringthemonsoonseasons.
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212 Seasonalandrelativeabundanceofbutterfliesinascrubjunglehabitatof Peraiyurtaluk,Maduraidistrict,TamilNadu

AlagumuruganC.,PavarajM.,andM.K.Rajan
PostgraduateandResearchDepartmentofZoology,AyyaNadarJanakiAmmalCollege(Autonomous),Sivakasi pavarajphd@gmail.com
Conservationofbiodiversityisthemostimportanttasktohumankindforvariousreasons.Itfacilitatesecosystem functionsandoffersaesthetic,scientific,culturalandothervaluesandformsthebasisforfoodstuff,fibers, pharmaceuticals,chemicalsetc.Conservationofnaturalhabitatsisveryessentialfortheexistenceofmanyspeciesof insectsincludingbutterflies.Amongthelowerinvertebrates,butterfliesareprobablythebeststudiedgroupinthe forestareaofWesternGhats.LepidopteraisanadvancedandhighlysuccessfulOrder,whosedetailedlifehistories provideawealthofmaterialforthestudyofmanyaspectsofevolution,adaptationincludingmuchfundamentalwork ongeneticsandheredity.Duetoindustrialrevolution,pollution,globalwarmingandchangesinrainfall,habitatfor survivalofbutterflieshasbeenalteredorreducedandinsequencethebutterflypopulationseemstobedwindlingin manyhabitats.Therefore,thepresentinvestigationhasbeenaimedtostudythebiodiversityofbutterfliesinascrub junglehabitatofPeraiyurTalukMaduraiDistrict;Tamilnaduforaperiodoftwelvemonth(May2007toApril2008). Totally65speciesofbutterfliesbelongingto8Familieswereidentified.ThefamilyNymphalidaeandPieridaecontribute morenumberofspecieswith15and14respectivelyandthesetwofamiliesarefollowedbyLycaneidae(13species), Papilionidae(9species),Danaidae(6species),Hesperiidae(5species),Satyridae(2species)andAcreidae(1species). Therelativeabundanceanddiversityofbutterflieswithreferencetoseasonalchangeshavebeenstatisticallyanalyzed anddiscussed.
213 ButterflySpeciesDiversityOfTropicalForestResearchInstitute,Jabalpur, MadhyaPradesh

AshishD.Tiple,K.C.Joshi,SanjayPaunikarandNitinKulkarni
ForestEntomologyDivision,TropicalForestResearchInstitute,Jabalpur,India ashishdtiple@yahoo.co.in
ButterflydiversityandtheirstatusatTropicalForestResearchInstitute,Jabalpurspreadoveranareaof109hectare from2009to2010.Atotalof62speciesofbutterfliesbelongingto47generaofand5familiesviz.,Papilionidae(05 species),Pieridae(9species),Nymphalidae(25species),Lycaenidae(16species)andHesperiidae(7species)were recorded.Ofallthetotal62species,23(37%)werecommonlyoccurring,16(26%)wereverycommon,2(3%)werenot rare,16(26%)wererareand5(8%)wereveryrarelyoccurring.Eightspeciesofthemwererecordedunderthe protectioncategoryoftheIndianWildLifeProtectionAct1972.Thefindingsofthepresentstudyunderlinethe importanceofinstitutionalestatesinprovidingpreferredabodeforbutterflyspecies.Ifdifferentkindsofdisturbances likehumanactivities,moving,removalofmaterialsforfireandgrazingareavoided,ahealthyandgeneticallydiverse butterflypopulationcouldbebuildupinthecampus.

214 Toolsandteachingmethodsforeducatingtargetgroupsonbutterfliesinan urbanwetlandrestorationsiteatChennai

K.CyrilRufusandPrestonAhimaz
EnvironmentEducationCoordinator,HeadEducation,PitchandikulamForestConsultants,AdyarPoongaproject,Auroville cyril4112@yahoo.co.in
Aproblemwithmostyoungchildrensenvironmentaleducationprogramsisthattheyapproacheducationfroman adults,ratherthanachilds,perspective.Teachingnatureabstractlyintheclassroomdoesnotleadtopro environmentalbehaviorsinlaterlife.Childrenexperiencenatureholisticallyandnotasbackgroundforevents. Childrenjudgenaturenotbyitsaesthetics,butratherbytheirinteractionsandsensoryexperienceswithit.Most peoplelookatbutterfliesfromanaestheticpointofview,butfewrealizethattheyarealsoecologicallyimportant.This isparticularlyrelevanttothespecificareaasthesiteisanurbanwetlandrestorationoneinChennaiwhichhas undergoneaseriesoflandusechangesandreplacementofnativevegetation.Realisingthatvarioustoolsandteaching
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methodsonbutterfliesareessentialtoreachthetargetgroups,toolslikecuddapahstonesignagepaintings,collagetile worksandstonesculpturesaswellasteachingmethodslikeactivitybooks,posters,interactivedisplaysandbutterfly watchhavebeendevelopedandused.Anassessmentofalltheseactivitiesandsessionshasshownadistinct improvementinunderstandingbutterfliesandtheirecology.
215 BiosystematicsofConogethespunctiferalis(Guenee)infestingcastorand cardamom

ShashankP.R.,B.DoddabasappaandA.K.Chakravarthy
DepartmentofEntomology,UniversityofAgriculturalSciences,GKVK,Bangalore,Karnataka chakravarthyakshay@gmail.com
Conogethes(=Dichocrocis)punctiferalisnamedasYellowpeachmoth,Cardamomstemborer,Castorshootandfruit borer,isdistributedintropicalAsia,EastAsiaandAustralia.ItisaPyralidmothattackingmorethan120wildand cultivatedplants.Itisaneconomicallyimportantpestonfield,plantation,fruitandspicecropsintropicaland temperateregions.ThegenusConogethesisalarge,taxonomicallycomplextaxon.Untilnowtennamedspeciesof genusConogethesMeyrick,1884hasbeenknownfromEasternPalaearcticandIndoAustralianregions.Typelocalityof C.punctiferalisisIndia,andsomanycloselyalliedspeciesmaybeincludedbuttaxonomicrevisionofthemhasbeen neglectedforalongtime.Morphologicaltaxonomymayhavealimitationinidentificationandclassificationofthese alliedspecies.Differencesinsexpheromonesystemismostlydecisiveforreproductiveisolationinalliedspecies.Also, geneticclassificationofalliedspeciespopulationsmaygivemuchusefulinformationontheirgeneticbackgroundof speciesspecification.TheConogetheswhichfeedsoncastorandcardamomareconsideredassamespecies.Butthe natureoffeedingisentirelydifferent.Thiselicitsadoubtthatthesetwomaybeconspecifictypesortwosegregated species.StudiesongeneticidentificationofConogethescomplexwillfacilitatebiorationalpestmanagementstrategies. InformationonspeciationinConogethesremainsunexplored.
216 Biosystematics,HostrangeandDistributionofthePodborer,Adisura atkinsoniMoore(Noctuidae:Lepidoptera)

DoddabasappaB.,ShashankP.R.,YathishK.R.andChakravarthyA.K.
DepartmentofEntomology,UniversityofAgriculturalSciences,GKVK,Bangalore chakravarthyakshay@yahoo.com
ThePodborer,Adisuraatkinsoniwasfirstdescribedin1745byMooreandrelatedspeciesAdisuraleueanioidesMoore andAdisurapallidaMoorein1747and1749,respectively.GenusAdisuradiffersfromPyrrhiainhavingmidandhind tibiawithsparsespinesandthoraxwithoutsharpcrest.ThirtyeightHeliothinespeciesarerecognizedinfivegenera Adisura,Heliothis,Heliocheilus,AustralothisandHelicoverpaandthisincludesoneofthemostseverepestgroups injuringcultivatedcrops.Until1970sthelifecycleofAdisuraatkinsoniinsouthKarnatakasynchronizedwithlocal Lablabnigerfieldbeanthatemitsacharacteristicaroma.AdisuraatkinsoniwastheprincipalpodboreronLablabpods then.WiththeevolutionofphotoinsensitiveLablabhybridstheLablabbeancropcouldbecultivatedthroughoutthe yearinSouthKarnatakaandinpartsofSouthIndia.GraduallyHelicoverpaarmigera(=HeliothisarmigeraHubner) beganbuildinguppopulationonLablabniger.Today,in2010H.armigeraistheprincipalpodboreronLablab,i.e., almostcompletelyreplacingAdisuraatkinsoni.A.atkinsoniwhichwasrestrictedtofeedingonlyonLablabhasbeen reportedoccasionallyfeedingonBlumeasp.,Cajanuscajan,Lablabniger,CicerarietinumandLensculinaris.However, itisnotknownwhetherplantsotherthanL.nigercansupportthegrowthofborerlarvae.RecentlyA.atkinsonilarvae havebeenfoundregularlyfeedingonredgrampodsbothinSouthandNorthIndia.AnotherrelatedspeciesAdisura marginalis(Walker)hasbeenfoundfeedingonredgrampodsinMadhyaPradeshandUttarPradeshregularlynow.So thisishowspeciationinAdisuraisfacilitatingsurvivalofthespecies.ForsuccessfulIntegratedPestManagement,a revisedtaxonomyofAdisuraisurgentlyrequiredwithbiosystematicsinputfromrelatedspeciesmothswiththeirpest statusonprincipalcultivatedcrops.
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217 FaunasticStudiesOnSmallerMoths(Insecta:Microlepidoptera)OfWestern Ghats,Kerala

R.S.M.Shamsudeen
DepartmentofZoology,SirSyedCollege,Kerala smartysamsu@gmail.com
TheKeralapartofWesternGhatsisknowntoberichinfaunaldiversityandnodetailedsurveyofmicroheteroceranhas beenmadeinthisregion.Itwasinthiscontextthatthepresentstudyonthisgroupofinsectsinthekeralapartof WesternGhatswasundertakentogeneratebaselinedataonthefaunaofthisregionandtodevelopaneasy identificationscheme.Consideringthelargenumberoftaxainvolved,thescopeofthepresentstudyhasbeenlimited tothreesuperfamiliesviz.,Tineoidea,GelechioideaandYponomeutoidea.Thefaunalelementswereinterestinginthat theycontainedseveralnewrecordsfortheregionsixspeciesforKerala;47forsouthernIndia;twospeciesforIndia andthreespecieswerenewtoscience.
218 ComparisonbetweenisolatedDNAfromfreshandovendriedpreserved specimensofCatopsillapyranthe

1
1 2
Kharwar.A.S.,2Magdum.S.,1Patil.R.,1Sandhan.A.
DepartmentofZoology,H.P.TArts&R.Y.KScienceCollege,CollegeRoad,Nashik,Maharashtra DepartmentofZoology,K.T.H.MCollege,GangapurRoad,Nashik,Maharashtra adushere@gmail.com
ClassInsectaofphylumArthropodaexhibitsgreatdiversity.Amongstclassinsectamaximumdiversityisshownbyorder Lepidopterawhichincludesallendopterygotes.Theseincludebutterfliesandmoths.Greatdiversityisbasicallybecause ofdiversewingpatternobserved.Thisdiversewingpatternhasstronggeneticbackground.Thus,extensiveresearch workisgoingontounderstandthegeneticbackgroundofthisdiversity.Inordertostudygeneticcorrelationwiththe diversityamongthespeciesitisproposedtostudytheDNAprofileforwhichDNAisolationisthefirststep.Thesource ofDNAforDNAisolationisveryimportantasvariouspreservationtechniquesmaycauseDNAdamage.Thus,inpresent studyanattemptismadetocompareDNAisolatedfromfreshandovendriedpreservedsamples
219 NativeLarvalfoodPlantsforButterfliesinJamshedpur,Jharkhand
S.K.Mahato,SeemaRani
Curator,TataSteelZoologicalPark,Jamshedpur Email:skmahato196@rediffmail.com
ThepresentpaperinvestigatesthenativelarvalfoodplantsutilizedbybutterflylarvaeinJamshedpur.Thecitylies between2204893Nand860120E.Altitudeoftheareais159mmsl.Butterflyspeciesareveryselectiveinplants fortheiregglayingactivitiesandusehostplantsassupportforegglayingactivity.Plantsthatnourishlarvae (caterpillars)arecalledhostplantsorlarvalfoodplants.ThelarvalfoodplantsofthebutterfliesofJamshedpurhavenot beenstudiedsofar.Forthefirsttimewereportthefoodplantsofthelarvaeofsomecommonspeciesofbutterflies fromJamshedpuronthebasisoflaboratoryrearingandfieldstudies.Fromthebiodiversityconservationpointofview thisinformationisessentialfortheformulationofmanagementprogrammesforbutterflyconservationofthearea.
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220 Doesmimicevolveearlierthanmodel?Acasestudybasedonalepidopteran mimicrycomplexpredominantlydistributedinIndiaandSEAsia

ChiaHsuanWei,LiWeiWu,FrankYuFengHsu,ShenHornYen
DepartmentofBiologicalSciences,NationalSunYatSenUniversity,Kaohsiung,Taiwan DepartmentofLifeScience,NationalTaiwanNormalUniversity,Taipei,Taiwan shenhornyen@mail.nsysu.edu.tw
Itisgenerallybelievedthatinamimicrycomplexthemodelisexpectedtohaveevolvedearlierthanthecomimics.In thepresentstudy,weusedsequenceinformationfrommultiplegenestoreconstructindividualphylogeniesoffour lepidopterangroups(Euploea,Elymnias,Papilio(Chilasa),andCyclosia)thatinvolveintheEuploeamulcibermimicry complex,whichischaracterizedbyhavingsexuallydimorphicwingpatterns,sympatricpolymorphicforms,various secondarydefensemechanismsandawidedistributionrangethroughoutE.Himalaya,IndochinaandSundaland. EstimatesofdivergencetimesshowthatthemimicrycomplexmighthaveformedsincemiddleMiocene.The estimateddivergencetimesofCyclosiaandElymniasarelaterthanthatofEuploeamulciber,asexpected.However, eitherthegenusChilasaorthemimickingCh.paradoxahasevolvedearlierthanEuploeamulciber,andthisresultseems toconjectureourprediction.Analternativehypothesisisthereforebeingproposed:themimicspeciesdidevolve earlierthanthemodel,butthemimicswingpatternwasoriginallynonmimeticandsubsequentlyswitchedto resemblethatofthemodelaftertheemergenceofthemodel.Totestthishypothesis,acomparativephylogenetic studybasedonthegenesresponsibleforparallelwingpatternshiftsisneeded.
221 Caterpillarsoutofwater:theoriginofterrestrialAcentropinemoths
LiChengShih,ShenHornYen
DepartmentofBiologicalSciences,NationalSunYatSenUniversity,Kaohsiung,Taiwan shenhornyen@mail.nsysu.edu.tw
ThegenusParacymorizaWarren,1890,isamoderatesizedacentropinegenuscomprising30speciesranging throughoutsoutheastandeastAsia.Historicallythegenuswasoftenconfusedwithmanyunrelatedgeneraduetothe superficialresemblanceinwingmaculation,whichistermedthenymphuliformwingpattern.Thegenusiscurrently isdividedinto8speciesgroups,and4ofthemareknownhavingaquaticimmaturestages,whiletheothershaving terrestrialimmatures.ThefactthatParacymorizaincludesbothpurelyaquaticandterrestrialspeciesrepresentsa uniquecasefortheLepidoptera,thusmakingthemonophylyofthegenusdoubtful.Inthepresentstudy,a phylogenetichypothesisParacymorizawasreconstructedbyusingmorphologicalcharactersobtainedfrom33species representing25genera.TheresultsshowthattheterrestrialandaquaticParacymorizacladesarenotsistergroups witheachotherandagenusnamelyPotamomusaisnestedwithintheParacymorizacomplex,andterrestrialcladehas evolvedfromaquaticancestor.Furtherstudiesontherelativespeciesrichnessbetweenterrestrialandaquaticclades aswellastheevolutionarychangesinparasitoidhostrelationshiparenecessary.
222 SpeciesdiversityofbutterfliesaroundAurangabad,Maharashtra
SarafS.A.&ShindeS.S.
DepartmentofZoology,Govt.CollegeofArts&Sciences DepartmentofZoology,VivekandCollege,Aurangabad sambhaji4499@gmail.com
Therearearound15000to20000speciesofbutterfliesrecordedworldwide.Indiahostsaround1200to1500of butterflies(Kunte,et.al.,1999).Inpresentinvestigation50speciesofbutterfliesbelongingto8familiesand19sub familieswererecorded.SpeciesbelongingtoPapilionidae,Pieridae,Danaidae,Nymphalidae,LycanidaeandHesperidae werenoticed.Ofwhichmostabuandant(23sp)diversitybelongedtofamilyLycaenidaeandleast(6sp)toDanaidae.
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223 ImportanceofNectarSourcesinConservingButterflyDiversityinUrban Landscapes

KrutiChhaya,NehaMujumdar,PrachiMhaske,RishikeshPatilandAnkurPatwardhan
DepartmentofBiodiversity,M.E.SAbasahebGarwareCollege,DeccanGymkhana,Karveroad,Pune,Maharashtra,India kruti.chhaya@gmail.com
Nectarbeingmainfoodsourceplaysanimportantroleinmaintainingnutritionandreproductionofbutterflies.Even thoughbutterfliesareconsideredtobegeneralists,studieshaveshownthattheydemonstratepreferencewhenit comestochoosingnectarflowersources.Inurbanareassuchresourcesaregenerallypresentinsmallpocketslikehill forests.Nectarplantchoiceswererecordedthroughopportunisticsampling.BhamburdaVanVihar,ahillforest situatedinPunecity(182825N734752E)supportsscrub,drydeciduousforestwithpatchesofmonoculture. Transectmethodwasusedtostudyabundanceofnectarplantsandbutterflies.Intwelvevisitsspanningoverthree months,eightysixnectarforagingvisitswererecordedcomprisingof24speciesofbutterflies.Total15specieswere foundtobeservingasanectarsource.SpeciesbelongingtoVerbenaceaefamily(Lantanacamara)wasthemost preferredfollowedbyFabaceae(Dalbergiamelanoxylon).OntheseplantspeciesMaximumobservedbutterflyspecies wereCommonGull(CeporanerissaFabricus)andCommonLeopard(PhalantaphalanthaDrury).Suchstudiescan provideinsightsforintegrationofnectarplantsalongwithlarvalfoodplantstofostertheurbanbutterflydiversity.
224 HabitatPreferenceandtheeffectofsmallscaledisturbanceondistribution ofbutterflyfaunainandaroundGauhatiUniversityCampus,Guwahati, Assam

KuladipSarma,BidyutBikashSharma,KripaljyotiMazumdar,BhriguPrasadSaikia
DepartmentofForestry,NERIST,Nirjuli(Itanagar),ArunachalPradesh;DepartmentofEnvironmentalScience,GauhatiUniversity,Assam; G.B.PantInstituteofHimalayanEnvironmentandDevelopment,NEunit,ArunachalPradesh;DepartmentZoology,GauhatiUniversity, Guwahati,Assam,India;DivisionofWildlifeandBiodiversityConservation,Environ,Hatigaon,Guwahati kldpsarma306@gmail.com
AstudywascarriedoutinandaroundtheGauhatiUniversityCampustodocumentthediversityofthebutterfliesand thehabitatpreferencesbythemandtheeffectofsmallscaledisturbances.Thewholecampuswasdivedinto4habitat typesandtransectsarelaidaccordingly.Familywiseabundancewasrecordedinallthehabitattypes(closedcanopy forest,openlowland,openfoothillsandresidentialcolonyforest)andfoundthattheabundanceofNymphalidaeishigh althoughtheirdistributionisgreatlyaffectedbythesmallscaledisturbanceslikeconstructionofbuildingandother anthropogenicfactors.Closedcanopyforestareaofthecampusisfoundtoberichindiversityofbutterflyspecieswith highestHvalue.(H=3.02)followedbytheFoothillsarea(H=2.98),thelowlandarea(H=2.63)andlastlytheresidential campusarea(H=2.57).Thediversityofbutterflyisgreatlydependentontheavailabilityofnectarplants.So,small scaledisturbancealwaysaffectthedistributionofbutterflyasitisrelatedtothehabitatdestructionatvariouslevels.
225 Evolutionaryconservationofhemocyticimmuneresponsesinsome sericigenousandnonsericigenouslepidopteroninsects

J.P.Pandey*,R.K.Tiwari**,SuyogPandey**,P.K.Mishra*,DineshKumar*,B.M.K.Singh*A.K.Sinha*&B.C. Prasad*
*SilkwormPhysiologyLaboratory,CentralTasarResearchandTrainingInstitute(CentralSilkBoard),P.O.PiskaNagri,Ranchi835303 **DepartmentofZoology,K.N.Govt.PostgraduateCollege,Gyanpur221304S.R.N.Bhadohi jpp_hcu@yahoo.co.in
Hemocytescomprisethesecondvitalarmoftheinsectimmunesystemandtheyplayskeyroleinimmunodefense processesagainstadverseconditionstoconservetheirinhabitants.TheclassificationofhemocytesofAntheraea mylitta,PapiliodemoleusandDanaischrysippusbelongingtothreedifferentlepidopteronfamiliesweremadebasedon theircytological,morphologicalandimmunologicalfeatures.Thesixmaintypesofhaemocytesnamelyprohaemocytes (PRs),plasmatocytes(PLs),granulocytes(GRs),spherulocytes(SPs),adipohaemocytes(ADs)andoenocytoids(OEs)were identified.Twoadditionalsubtypes,thevermicytes(VEs)andpodocytes(POs)representingthemodifiedPLswerealso
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detectedinthebloodsmearofthelateVthinstarlarvaeandnewlyemergedpupaeofbothA.mylittaandP.demoleus. OnlyVEsareseeninD.chrysippus.VEsarehavingmuchelongatedpseudopodsateitherendofthecellbodywhilethe POshavecytoplasmicprojections/pseudopodsof23ordersandboththecelltypesareprobablyphagocyticinnature. ComparativelymorePLsvariantswereobservedinA.mylitta.Themorphological,numericalandimmunological alterationinhemocyteswereobservedwhentheambientregimeoftemperature(262oC)waschangedtolow(4 2oC),high(502oC)andcyclic20,26and32oC2oCtocausetemperaturestress.Temperaturestressescaused adverseimpactoncellular(hemocytic)organization,itsshift,breakdownanddigestionofcellcontents.Low temperatureinducedclumpingofhemocytesandhightemperaturestresscauseditsspread,formationofvacuoles assembly,lossofcytoplasmfirmnessandlysisofcellularcontentsshowingbustednucleiamongGRsandPLs.More mitoticallydividingPRswereseenunderhightemperaturestress.Interestingly,hemocytesofAntheraeamylitta, (Saturnidae)Papiliodemoleus(Papilionidae)andDanaischrysippus(Nymphalidae)showedvariedhemocyticimmune responsesunderlow,highandcyclictemperaturestressconditions.Thevariationinhemocytetypes,hemocyteprofile andimmunological(hemocytic)responsesofsericigenousandnonsericigenouslepidopteroninsectsspecify evolutionaryconservationofcellular(hemocytic)immuneresponses.
226 Assessingcurrentpopulationsandconservationprioritiesforrare, endangeredandlegallyprotectedbutterflyspeciesinSikkim,eastern Himalaya,India

KrushnameghKunte
IndianFoundationforButterflies.608,BWing,ShukrataraApartments,NawashaMarutiLane,SinhagadRoad,Pune411030,India krushnamegh@ifoundbutterflies.org
Sikkimisunusuallyimportantfordiversity,endemismandconservationofIndianbutterflies.Ithostsapproximately 25%butterflyspeciesandsubspeciesknownfromIndia,andathirdofendemicsandotherbutterflytaxaprotected underIndiasWildLife(Protection)Act.However,littleisknownaboutcurrentpopulations,distributionsand conservationprioritiesforrare,endangeredandlegallyprotectedbutterflyspeciesinSikkimHimalaya.HereIoutline myongoingworktogeneratebaselineinformationonbutterfliesbyintensivelysurveyingpopulationsacrossseasonal, altitudinalandhabitatgradientsinSikkim.Ialsodescriberecentworkleadingtotherediscoveryofthefederally protectedScarceJesterbutterfly(Symbrenthiasilana,Nymphalidae),whichwasspottedinSikkimin2008after90 years.Traininglocalcollegefacultymembersandstudentsinbutterflypopulationecology,taxonomyandconservation biologywithspecialreferencetoSikkimisanimportantcomponentoftheongoingwork.TheDepartmentofForest, Environment&WildlifeManagement,Govt.ofSikkim,isalsobeinginvolvedsothatthefindingsfromthisresearchmay beincorporatedinfutureconservationplanning.Thus,theprojectaimstobuildafoundationformodernpopulation ecologicalstudiesonSikkimbutterfliesandforlocalinvolvementinstudyingandconservingbutterfliesintheeastern Himalaya.
227 ButterflydiversityinagriculturallandscapesofShervarayanhillsEastern Ghats,SouthIndia
M.Lena,G.Shobana,A.AgnesDeepa,*C.Gunasekaran
DepartmentofZoology,BharathiarUniversity,Coimbatore641046 *chrisguna@gmail.com
Butterfliesareknowntobeoneofthemostappropriatetaxonomicgroupsforenvironmentalevaluation.Thestudy attemptedtoidentifybutterflyspeciesdiversity,richnessandabundanceintheagriculturallandscapesofShervarayan hills,EasternGhats.Hence,itisimportanttodeterminewhetheragriculturallandscapessupportthediversityof species.Butterflyassemblageswerecharacterizedusingtransects(Pollardwalk).Speciesdiversityandrichnesswere calculatedusingShannonandSimpsonsindex.DuringthestudyperiodfromAugust2009toJune2010werecorded 4465individualsbelongingto34speciesofbutterflies.SpeciesrichnessismoreinthefamilyNymphalidaeandPieridae occupiesmorespeciesabundance.Appias,Aurota,EuremaPapilio,Euploea,Castalius,Lampidesspeciesweremost dominated.Habitattypedidnotsignificantlyaffectspeciesrichnesssincefewspeciesdependonthenectarsources availableinagriculturallandscapesandrelativelyuncommonspecieswerenotrecordedduringtheobservation.
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228 DiversityofbutterfliesinSiruvanihills,WesternGhats,SouthIndia
G.Shobana,M.Lena,A.AgnesDeepa,*C.Gunasekaran
DepartmentofZoology,BharathiarUniversity,Coimbatore641046 *chrisguna@gmail.com
OurstudydocumentsthebutterflyspeciesrichnessandabundanceinSiruvanihills.Werecordedthespeciesdiversity andabundancefromAugust2009toAugust2010inthemoistdeciduousforestofSiruvani,usingthetransectcounting method.Allthebutterfliesrecordedatadistanceof5mfromtheobserverduringthecounts.SpeciesDiversityis calculatedbyShannonWeinerindex.Atotalof5231individualsbelongingto48speciesofbutterflieswereobserved duringthestudy.Moreabundanceofbutterfliesbelongingtothefamilies,Papilionidae,Pieridae,andNymphalidae wererecorded.Butterfliesarethemainbioindicatorswhichcandeterminetheenvironmentalchanges.Thisstudy alsodocumentsbutterflydiversityindifferentseasons.
229 ButterflyDiversityinThoppayarReservoir,DharmapuriDistrict(Eastern Ghat),TamilNadu,SouthIndia

Elanchezhian.M1,GunasekaranC.2,Ezhili.N3,Thirumathal.K4
1. 2.
MElanchezhian.M.PhilScholar,DepartmentofZoology,BharathiarUniversity,Coimbatore,TamilNadu,India Dr.C.Gunasekaran,AssistantProfessor,DepartmentofZoology,BharathiarUniversity,Coimbatore,TamilNadu,India 3. Dr.N.Ezhili,AssistantProfessor,DepartmentofZoology,PSGR.KrishnammalCollegeForWomen,Peelamedu,Coimbatore,TamilNadu,India 4. Dr.K.Thirumathal,AssociateProfessor,DepartmentofZoology,PalaniAndavarCollegeForWomen,Palani,TamilNadu,India elaconservation@gmail.com
India,encompassadiverseterrain,climateandvegetation,whichcomprisesofdifferentecosystems.Indiaisgiftedwith arichbutterflyspecies,about1501specieswererecordeduptodate,outof16,823speciesrecordedworldwide. Butterflies,apartfromitscolorfulappearance,theyhavesignificantpartinthefunctioningoftheecosystem.Butterflies arethebestknowntaxonomicgroup,usedtodisclosethequalityoftheenvironment.Furthertheyactasagood bioindicatorsofaparticularbiotype.Here,wemadeanattempttounravelthedistributionofbutterfliesprevailing alongsidethereservoirofThoppayarreservoir,(Dharmapuridistrict),whichisspreadover5530hectares.Ourstudy areapresentinthefoothillsofEasternGhatsandishavingdensevegetation,includesplantslike(mixedforest).We wishtoexplorethebutterflydiversityatThoppayarDaminEasternGhats,duringa12monthsperiod,startedatJune 2009andendedatJune2010.ManypreviousinvestigationsrecordedthebutterflydiversityinWesternGhats,butleast attentionornoattentionhasbeengiventoexplorethediversebutterfliesinEasternGhats.Wehaverecordedthe presenceofbutterfliesbelongtofamiliessuchasPieridae,Nymphalidae,DanaidaeandPapilionidae.Andweidentified 3789numberofindividualsbelongingtotheand32speciesduringoursurvey.Further,toourknowledgeitisthefirst reportaboutthebutterflydiversityalongsidetheThoppayarreservoirinEasternGhats.Traditionalagricultural practicesinareassurroundedbyforestcanbeconsideredasimportantmanagementtoolinbutterflyconservation, highestbutterflyspeciesrichnessisfoundintheThoppayarofthereservoirratherthancoreareaand,forbutterfly conservationthezonessurroundingthestrictlyprotectedareaareequallyimpotentasthecorearea.
230 Fascinatingworldofbutterflydiversityandecofriendlycommercialization
AgnesKharat,S.M.Nikam,SachinGurule,JaisingDarekarandS.P.Thorat
DepartmentofZoology,K.T.H.M.College,Nashik422002,(M.S.),India agneskharat@gmail.com
ButterfliesarefascinatingcreaturesoforderLepidopterahavespecialplaceintheinsectworld.Butterfliesare economicallyveryimportantinsectsbecausetheyaregoodpollinators.Caterpillarsofsomebutterfliesfeedand developonweedsinsteadofagriculturalcropsthushelpingincontrollingweeds.Somecaterpillarsareinsectivorous feedsonaphids,mealybugs,antlarvaeandsoareusefulincontrollingthem.Thusbutterfliescanappropriatelybe calledfriendsoffarmers.Beinghostspecificbutterfliesindicateshealthofhabitat.Richdiversityindicatesgoodhealth ofaparticularhabitat.Insectecologistsalsofocusonbutterfliesasthebestgroupofinsectsforexaminingthepatterns ofbiodiversity.Butterfliesareofgreatestheticvalue.Theyformapartofthenationsheritageandneedtobe conserved.Habitatloss,illegaltradesaremajorthreatstobutterflyfauna.Wecanhelpinbutterflyconservationby encouragingbutterflygardens,butterflyfarmsinhomesandinstitutions.Ecofriendlycommercializationwith
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fascinatingdiversityofbutterfliesistodaysreality.Butterflyfarmingcanprovidejobstothelocalpeopleandpromote conservationofnaturalresources.Agriculturalbuffersarestripsofnativegrassesandwildflowersplantedalong agriculturalfieldmargins.Thesebuffersprovideasolutionforincreasingnativepollinatorsandimprovinghabitat,and alsoprovidefinancialbenefitstofarmers
231 Comparativestudiesonimpactofurbanizationanddiversityandspecies abundanceofbutterfliesinandaroundCoonoorCity,TheNilgiris

P.MohanaandC.Gunasekaran
DepartmentofZoology,BharathiarUniversity,Coimbatore641046 mohanaconservation@gmail.com
Diversityandextentofhabitatswillcontinuetodeclineashumanpopulationsincrease,andalterlandscapesfor agricultureanddevelopment.Traditionally,naturereserveshavebeencenteredmainlyonareasthatareimportantfor invertebratediversity.Toinvestigatethisproblem,wesampledbutterflyspeciesrichnessinanaturereservein Coonoor.Patternsofbutterflyspeciesrichnessandabundancewereinvestigatedbymeansoftransectmethodacrossa rangeofthetwopredominanthabitattypes(drymixedforestandagriculturalland).Wecomparespeciesrichnessand compositionintheurbanhabitatswiththatinthesurroundingagricultural.Bothbutterflyspeciesrichnessanddensity increasedwithdecreasingconnectivity,measuredastheproportionofurbangreenareaswithin15km.Thissurvey betweenApril2010August2010anddataanalysiswereusedShannonweiner,includingANOVA.Totally16genus and25specieswereidentifiedandinterestinglytheDanausandEuremaspeciesareabundant.(Pachlioptahector, Pachlioptaaristolochiae,Ixiaspyrene,ColotisdanaeCatopsiliapyrant,Euremahecabe,Euremablanda,Eurema nilgiriensis,Coliasnilgiriensis,Paranticanilgiriensis,Tirumalaseptentrionis,Tirumalalimniace,Danausgenutia,Danaus chrysippus,Euploeacore,Mycalesisanaxias,Mycalesisperseus,Ypthimaceylonica,Ypthimachenui,Cuphaerymanthis, Athymaperius,Athymaranga,Junoniaalmanac,Junoniaorithya,Tagiadesgana.)Ourstudydemonstratestwo importantissuesinurbanbiodiversity,localbutterflyspeciesRichnessandintensivelanduse.Traditionallanduse techniquessuchasextensiveagriculturedonothaveadverseeffectsonbutterfliesbut,infact,supportadiverse assemblageofbutterflyspecies.
232 Roadkilledbutterfliesandhighwaymonitoringmolecularidentification danausbutterflies(Lepidoptera:Nymphalidae)basedupondataform mitochondrialDNA

Vadivalagan,C.,Gunasekaran,C.andM.Salahudeen
DepartmentofZoology,BharathiarUniversity,Coimbatore641046 marinedrug.9@gmail.com
Weexaminedthespatialpatternsandfactorsinfluencingsmallterrestrialvertebrateroadkillaggregationsinthe Marudhamalaihill,Coimbatore,southernIndia.Wesurveyedroadsvaryingintrafficvolume,configurationand adjacentlandscapeattributesforroadkillsbetweenJan2010June2010.Thepresentstudyemphasizedthelevelof mortalityfromroadkillsonthisgroup.Forthesixspeciesanalyzed,highfrequenciesofroadkillsapparentlywere associatedwithbreedingactivitiesanddispersal.CarrionorroadsidevegetationalsomightattractLepidopteratoroads andincreasetheirvulnerabilitytohighwaymortality.Inthisconnectionthecausalitybutterfliesaretakentomolecular identificationbyusingthemtDNAsequence(CoxIgene)andalsomorphologicaldatawerecollected.Thefollowingsix speciesPapiliopolytes,Pachlioptaaristolochiae,Pachlioptahector,Catopsilialeda,Danauscrispus,Danausplexippus wereconcentratedonthepresentstudy.DanauscrispusandDanausplexippusweretakenintoconsiderationforthe molecularidentification.Theseresultsrepresentabreakthroughforinsectmoleculartaxonomy.Interestingly,the Danausbutterfliesareevolutionarilyrelated.

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WORKSHOPS
Understandingwingedfriendsthroughpuppets
Bhanumathi
ManagingTrusteePavaiCentreforPuppetry,ChennaiPh:09444486497 pavaibhanu@gmail.com
Learningandunderstandingaboutthelifeofourwingedfriendsthebutterfliesandmoths withpuppetsisexcitingasitbringsaninanimatecharactertolife.Ifwelookaroundnature, wemaycomeacrosscolourfulandbeautifulbutterflies,mothsandtheircaterpillars.They allhavedifferentshapes,sizes,colours,andfoodplants.Eachonehasastoryofhappiness, friendship,bravery,wisdom,honesty,sorrowtotell.Sharewhattheyhavetosaythrough theirimagesintheformofpuppets.Createandhaveatotalpuppetexperiencebymaking thesepuppets.
Dr.R.Bhanumathi,ManagingTrusteePavaiCentreforPuppetry,Chennaiwill conductaworkshoptocreatebutterflies,mothsandcaterpillarpuppetsand understandtheirlifehistory,problemsandconservationeffortsthroughstoriesand presentationsattheendofthesession.
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3ALCS2010
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3

Asian Lepidoptera Conservation Symposium and Training Programme

ZOO OUTREACH ORGANISATION

Photo by Cyril Rufus

Coimbator re Date: 21-10 0-2010

Coimbatore Date: 21-10-2010

Coimbatore Date: 21-10-2010

012 013 014

Predatorycapacityofhomopterophagousbutterfly,Spalgisepius(Westwood) (Lepidoptera:Lycaenidae)onmealybugs,Planococcuscitri(Risso)(Homoptera: Pseudococcidae)

020 021 022

Evaluationofconservationstatusofbutterflycommunitiesintropicallowland evergreenforestofupperBrahmaputravalley,withspecialreferencetotheJokai ReserveForest,Assam,NorthEasternIndia

030 031 032 033 034

InfectionstatusofWolbachiasupergroupinsomecommonlyavailablebutterfliesof IndiaandfemalebiasedsexratioobservedinRedPierrot(Talicadanyseus)which harborstheinfection

MalematelocationbehaviourandencountersitesofCentralIndianbutterflies: Influenceoftaxonomy,biotopes,landscapestructures,resources,morphology,and populationvariables

221 222 223 224

002 Monitoring,conservingandmanagingmothpopulations:avarietyof techniquesandcasehistories

Theauthorthenprovidessomeexamplesofthemonitoring,managementandconservationofmoths,bothdeliberate andfortuitous,fromotherpartsoftheworld,withparticularemphasisonexamplesfromthetropicsandsubtropics withwhichhehaspersonalexperience.

003 ProcessesinvolvedinassessingprioritiesforlocallevelLepidoptera conservationprogrammesthataimtoachieveglobalconservationimpact

011 Wendlandiatinctoria(Roxb.)DC.(Rubiaceae),akeynectarsourceforadult butterfliesduringsummerseasonintheSouthernEasternGhats,Andhra Pradesh

012 EcologicalimpactonbutterflyfaunainurbanhabitatsofBangalore, Karnataka

014 Predatorycapacityofhomopterophagousbutterfly,Spalgisepius (Westwood)(Lepidoptera:Lycaenidae)onmealybugs,Planococcuscitri (Risso)(Homoptera:Pseudococcidae)

015 AnadditionalchecklistofbutterfliesinthecampusofJahangirnagar UniversityBangladesh

016 AnassessmentofbutterflydiversityintheimpactzoneofwinterSAFgames areainAuliBugyal,Joshimath,Uttarakhand

017 Butterfliesasindicatorsofsustainabilityinthenaturalecosystemwith specialreferencetohighaltitude(HimachalPradeshandJammu&Kashmir)

018 ButterflydiversityinfragmentedforestsofWesternGhats,India:Theroleof sacredgrovesandcoffeeagroecosystems

019 Invasionoftropicalbutterfliesintothesubtropicsinresponsetoclimate change:acasestudyinTaiwan

021 StudyonthebiodiversityofbutterfliesandtheircurrentstatusinCentral Nepal

022 ThreatstotheNationalbutterflyTriodusdarsiusGray(Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)ofSriLankaandpossibilitiesofcommunityparticipationinits conservation

023 Evaluationofconservationstatusofbutterflycommunitiesintropical lowlandevergreenforestofupperBrahmaputravalley,withspecial referencetotheJokaiReserveForest,Assam,NorthEasternIndia

024 MonitoringoftheRajahBrookesBirdwing,Trogonopterabrookiana albescens(Papilionidae),usingdigitalimagesofpuddlingbutterflies

026 PatternsindiversityanddistributionofbutterflyassemblagesinTonsValley, Uttarakhand,WesternHimalaya

027 Diversity,distributionpatternandseasonalvariationinmothassemblages alongaltitudinalgradientinGangotriLandscapeArea,WesternHimalaya, Uttarakhand

028 Effectofforestdisturbanceonrainforestbutterflies:acasestudyfromSilent ValleyNationalPark,Kerala

029 ActiveEnvironmentalEducationforButterflyconservationformiddleschool studentsinPuducherrySchools,India

JuniorResearchFellow,DepartmentofEcology&EnvironmentalSciences,PondicherryUniversity,Puducherry,India605014. Associateprofessor,DepartmentofEcology&EnvironmentalSciences,PondicherryUniversity,Puducherry,India605014. *enviroalexandar@gmail.com

034 DiversityofbutterfliesinGreatNicobarBiosphereReserve(GNBR),A&N Islands

036 AstudyofbutterflyspeciesdiversityinandaroundhotspringofGarampani WildlifeSanctuary,KarbiAnglong,Assamincontexttoecotourism

037 ButterflyfaunaoftheMahatmaGandhiuniversitycampus,Keralaandthe strategiesadoptedforitsconservation

038 LepidopteraResearchtoPromoteaCommunityEcotourismInitiativein EaglenestSanctuary,ArunachalPradesh

DNAbarcodingisnowwellestablishedtoolforspeciesidentificationwhichemploysnucleotidedivergenceof mitochondrialgeneCytochromeOxidaseI(COI).Thistechniqueisbasedonthefactthatinterspeciesnucleotide divergenceisalwayshigherthantheintraspeciesnucleotidedivergence.ApieridEuremahecabeisknowntoshowhigh

040 DiversityofSwallowtail(Lepidoptera:Papilionidae)butterfliesinGautala WildlifeSanctuaryofMaharashtra

041 ButterfliesDiversityofTadobaAndhariTigerReserveForestinChandrapur DistrictofMaharashtra

043 ButterflyDiversityinRelationtoNectarFoodPlantsfromBhorTahsil,Pune DistrictMaharashtra

045 Documentation,monitoringandconservationofbutterflyfaunainCoastal Karnataka

insecticidesandherbicidesinsuchhotspots.Peopleshouldbeeducatedbyconductingawarenessprogramson butterflyconservation.Tourismanddevelopmentactivityalongthecoastalregionshouldberestricted.Someofthe endangeredspeciesofbutterfliescanberearedundercageconditionsandreleased.

046 InfectionstatusofWolbachiasupergroupinsomecommonlyavailable butterfliesofIndiaandfemalebiasedsexratioobservedinRedPierrot (Talicadanyseus)whichharborstheinfection

048 ButterflydiversityintheecoforestandadjoiningareasofAssamUniversity campus,Silchar,Assam

AstudyonthediversityofbutterflyinnaturalandmanmodifiedhabitatswascarriedoutintheEcoforestandits adjoiningareasofAssamUniversityCampus,Silchar,SouthAssamforsixmonths(fromDecember2009toMay2010) usingthelinetransectmethod.Thestudywasfirstofitskindthatmadeanattempttounderstandthebutterflyfauna

049 MalematelocationbehaviourandencountersitesofCentralIndian butterflies:Influenceoftaxonomy,biotopes,landscapestructures, resources,morphology,andpopulationvariables

051 Hostplantdiversityofbutterfliesandmothsandtheirconservation stratgetiesinWesternGhats,SouthernIndia

052 Studyonseasonalabundanceandspeciesdiversityofbutterfliesamong selectedfourtrailsinKiralakellewetlandinMataraDistrict

053 DiversityandConservationstatusofButterfliesinReverstonKnuckles MassifofSriLanka

054 Themoths(Lepidopters:Heterocera)ofNorthMaharashtra:apreliminary checklistofmothfauna

055 ApreliminarysurveyontheConstellationofsemiaquaticlepidopteransof hillstreamsofsouthernWesternGhats

202 Flightpatternsandbehaviourofvariousbutterflyspeciesinurbanhabitatsof Bangalore,Karnataka

203 Biology,behaviourandconservationofpredatorybutterflySpalgisepius (Westwood)(Lepidoptera:Lycaenidae)

204 Chromolaenaodorata(L.)King&H.E.Robins(Asteraceae),animportant nectarsourceforadultbutterflies

205 PopulationVariationsAmongSwallowtailButterfliesAtBishopHeber College,Tiruchirappalli,TamilNadu

207 Wildtasarsilkworm,A.mylittaecoraceBhandara(Lepidoptera:Saturniidae) anendemicspecies:NeedofConservation

208 Effectsofenvironmentalfactorsanddiseasesonbiologyofthewildtasar silkworm,Antheraeamylitta(D).EcoraceBhandara(Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)inVidarbha

209 SurfaceultrastructuralandEDAXstudiesontheeggshellofEriSilkworm Philosamiaricini(Lepidoptera:Saturniidae)

210 Silkglanddevelopmentandsilkproteinsynthesisinthetropicaltasar silkwormAntheraeamylitta(D)(Lepidoptera:Saturniidae)

212 Seasonalandrelativeabundanceofbutterfliesinascrubjunglehabitatof Peraiyurtaluk,Maduraidistrict,TamilNadu

213 ButterflySpeciesDiversityOfTropicalForestResearchInstitute,Jabalpur, MadhyaPradesh