P R OT E C T I O N

MiCOM P846
Open Line Detection Relay

A robust transmission system is essential for power transport from generating stations to demand centers. Where the transmission lines are long, or the grid topology may change rapidly, extreme system operating conditions are more likely to occur. With system loading much closer to design limits nowadays, loss of a transmission corridor could unbalance the grid, risking power swings, or worse - unwanted cascade tripping. The MiCOM P846 is a special protection relay, at the heart of a utility's defense plan. The relay detects a local or remote end breaker open in 2 cycles. This open line detection is highly dependable, as it does not rely on any auxiliary contact indications, nor any teleprotection channel from the remote line end. On detection of one or several open lines (loss of a power corridor), the utility can ensure automatic instigation of a defense plan. Hence, risks of frequency and power flow instability, unnecessary islanding, and ferranti-effect overvoltages can all be minimized. Correct operation occurs for all line applications, even those with shunt or series compensation. Lines with negligible power flow are covered too - no reliance on undercurrent detection. The intelligent algorithm used to implement the main device function requires the input of only three settings. This negates any requirement for in-depth system or setting studies, and the relay HMI is very simple.
Customer Benefits Open line detection without use of CB auxiliary contacts Fast detection for local and remote end opening no teleprotection required Applies equally for heavy and light loadflows Fast, simple and secure

Extensive monitoring and recording facilities are included, plus circuit breaker failure detection, distance to fault locator and voltage transformer supervision.

AREVA T&D

APPLICATION
The MiCOM P846 is a joint development with Hydro Quebec, designed as an Open Line Detector. One model is available, and the application is for embedding in any transmission system. Typical application is where the loss of transmission corridors can be critical for security of a power system. The P846 has phase CT inputs, with connection possibilities for single breaker, double bus, breaker and a half, and ring bus feeding. An additional set of CT inputs measures shunt reactor phase currents (if shunt compensation is employed). Connecting the three phase VT voltage, plus the applicable currents for the feeder topology, will allow full monitoring of the overhead line. One MiCOM P846 is installed per line end. Backup protection, circuit breaker monitoring and recording functions are included in the P846 device, as shown in the overview table.

GLOBAL FUNCTIONS
The P846 is supplied with a full suite of integrated features as standard. The configuration column of the menu is used to control which functions the user requires in the intended application, and which may be disabled. Disabled functions are completely removed from the menu, to simplify setting. The loss of corridor/open line detection principle is used in an emerging range of network security devices, supervising transient changes in transmission network topology, synchronism and stability.

Functions Overview Table DLO Loss of Power Corridor (open line detection) Optocoupled logic inputs Conventional output contacts Fast hybrid static outputs Dual rated 1A and 5A CT inputs Single and three pole tripping applications Direct access menu "Hotkeys" Multiple password access control levels 50BF VTS High speed breaker fail Voltage transformer supervision Fault locator SOE Event records Disturbance recorder Circuit Breaker condition monitor PSL Graphical Programmable Scheme Logic IRIG-B time synchronism

P846

24 28 4

Option

2>3

Fast grid topology detection supervising correct line loadability

OPEN LINE DETECTION

Open line detection is a strategic function for a power transmission line. As part of the protection scheme, it is able to quickly detect line open conditions and switch in contingency procedures to handle these conditions. Responses may include switching in surge arresters, load shedding, generator rejection or other system stabilisation methods. The overall aim is to protect the transmission infrastructure in a fast and selective manner, whilst allowing the optimal utilization of the system for power delivery. The logic/algorithms are intelligent, requiring only three settings in order to function: (1) The nominal line voltage, (2) The nominal rated power of the circuit, and (3) The nominal line charging reactive power. All typical network scenarios such as low/zero power transfer, high loading, current and power flow reversals, swings, resonance and harmonic conditions produce no spurious operation. Detection is fast, and further assisted by the use of static hybrid outputs, allowing the usual response time of an electromechanical contact to by bypassed. The rules for the detection are implemented in fuzzy logic, whereby the relay uses line current, voltage and power measurements to determine a line open condition. Memorized real and reactive power measurements are processed alongside rate of change measurements, including shifting of the power factor, and the jump rate of power (2nd order derivative). Monitoring of sequence components fine-tunes the accuracy.

FUZZY LOGIC
The MiCOM P846 removes the witchcraft behind fuzzy logic, bringing the principle away from the realm of academics, and into the domain of a useful engineering tool. Fuzzy logic avoids the rigid boundaries that binary logic has (change from logic 0 to a 1), allowing the relay to not only detect a low or high status, but to allow detection of cases such as "nearly zero", "medium" and others. This allows the relay to make the subjective kinds of decisions that a human engineer would. All of the investigations that the engineer would make are built into rules, each of which has a defined degree of confidence associated with it. When the outputs of all the fuzzy logic rules are mixed, the P846 is able to detect a line open condition with an impeccable degree of reliability. Moreover, the response of a fuzzy logic algorithm will be determinist for given input phenomena. The user does not need to program the rules, nor multiple analog setting thresholds - the fuzzy logic implementation is an intelligent approach and negates such traditional constraints.

FUNCTIONAL OVERVIEW

Conventional binary I/O

note 1

PSL

Self monitoring

Records & Measurements Fault Locator

I reactor
note 2

Event Records

DLO

50 BF

Disturbances VTS Measurements Breaker Monitoring

Communication to SCADA/substation control/ RTU/modem ...

Comm

Note 1 : Note 2 :

Single or dual CT applications supported For applications where shunt compensation is applied

AREVA Track Record Joint Developments in Network Security Devices >> DLO Algorithms developed by Hydro Qubec research institute (IREQ), for rapid detection of open line conditions >> Fuzzy logic engine, allowing fast operation, with minimal relay settings developed at IREQ. >> Hydro Qubec/AREVA Partnership development, to implement and validate the DLO function inside MiCOM Px40 hardware. >> Ongoing research co-operation in areas of loss of synchronism in transmission systems. AREVA thanks Hydro-Qubec team for their enthusiasm and innovation -resulting in the P846 product partnership.

AREVA T&D Worldwide Contact Centre: http://www.areva-td.com/contactcentre/ Tel.: +44 (0) 1785 250 070

www.areva-td.com www.areva-td.com/protectionrelays

Our policy is one of continuous development. Accordingly the design of our products may change at any time. Whilst every effort is made to produce up to date literature, this brochure should only be regarded as a guide and is intended for information purposes only. Its contents do not constitute an offer for sale or advise on the application of any product referred to in it. We cannot be held responsible for any reliance on any decisions taken on its contents without specific advice.

AUTOMATION-L3-P846-BR-06.05-0515b-GB - - AREVA - 2005. AREVA, the AREVA logo and any alternative version thereof are trademarks and service marks of AREVA. MiCOM is a registered trademark of AREVA. All trade names or trademarks mentioned herein whether registered or not, are the property of their owners. - 389191982 RCS PARIS - Printed in France - SONOVISION-ITEP