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The refrigerator, and your fridge at home, each work using similar parts. Refrigeration systems, from the refrigerator in your kitchen to the gigantic freezer aisles in your local grocery store, operate on the same scientific principles. Several machine parts each serve a specific Evaporator
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Refrigerators operate on the principles of vapor compression cooling. These devices create a cold environment by compressing a chilled gas into a liquid, then circulating that liquid in and out of the device and continuously removing heat from the air inside the refrigerator. The evaporator performs the task of cooling and pressurizing the refrigerant and sending it to the compressor.
Compressor
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The compressor draws the cooled vapor out of the evaporator. The evaporator is inside of the refrigerator where the temperature has been lowered by the refrigerant. The compressor is on the outside of refrigerator, where it raises the temperature of the vapor and increase the vapor pressure. The warmer, high-pressure vapor then travel
Condenser
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The condenser removes heat from the vapor and transfer it to the warmer air outside of the refrigerator. It does this task using either water, which cools the vapor in the condenser's coils, or cool air, produced by a fan. As the vapor cools, it becomes a liquid again. The vapor liquefies, but remains at a high level of pressure. The liquid then goes through another coiled line to the expansion valve.
Expansion Valve
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The expansion valve is at the end of the coiled liquid line. It rapidly decreases the pressure of the liquid and sends it to the evaporator through another coiled line. The rapid decrease in pressure cools the liquid refrigerant further. The valve is actually the most complex component of the refrigeration system, in terms of the number of subparts.
Refrigerant
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The refrigerant in most refrigeration systems is a fluid that is able to change from a gas to a liquid. Commonly used refrigerants include Freon, R-32, R-152a and R-124. Each of these refrigerants cools at a different rate because each turns to vapor at a different temperature. Some other refrigeration systems (vapor absorption systems) are able to cool areas by simply raising and lowering the temperature of the refrigerant without changing it from a liquid to a gas. Sodium chloride brine and some alcohols are the refrigerants used in vapor absorption systems.
The answer is to make the refrigerant boiling with the atmospheric pressure ,so the pressure coming from the condenser isn't suitable to evaporate by the normal condition temperature and pressure of the room in the evaporator . So we using new part to solve this problem its called by the expansion valve which can reduce the pressure to the require pressure , then the refrigerant coming to the evaporator with the suitable temperature and pressure and absorb heat from the load food etc and converting to gas . Then the gas coming back to the compressor and start the refrigeration cycle again from the compressor to the condenser and then the expansion valve and the evaporator and back to the compressor again and again . Its the simple refrigeration cycle which used with any application like food storage and ice tanks etc of the refrigeration cycle applications , some different can be founding but its the basic parts in all of them .
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The operation of the valve is very simple. If the spring tension and evaporator outlet pressure are greater than the sensing bulb pressure, the orifice will go to a more closed position thereby throttling back refrigerant flow. If the evaporator outlet pressure and spring tension are less than sensing bulb pressure, the orifice will move to a more open position thereby increasing refrigerant flow. The two opposing forces allow the TXV to feed the proper amount of refrigerant into the evaporator coil as changes in suction line temperature occur. When the pressure on top of the diaphragm is greater than the evaporator outlet and spring tension, the orifice opens. When sensing bulb pressure is less than evaporator outlet and spring tension, the orifice closes. There are some differences in the operation of a mechanical refrigeration system using an expansion valve metering device in place of a fixed type device. Differences in cycle operation include how the system reacts to changes in evaporator heat load, system charge, and changes in the outdoor air temperature.