Chapter 7 - Input and Output Introduction Do you ever wonder how information gets into your computer and

d comes out in a form you can use? Input devices convert what we understand into what the system unit can process Output devices convert what the system unit has processed into a form that we can understand Input and output devices are the focus of this chapter What is Input? Any data or instructions used by a computer Input devices Hardware Keyboards Scanning devices Pointing devices Other devices Translates data into a form that the system unit can process Keyboard Entry Keyboards Traditional keyboards - full sized, rigid, rectangular keyboards that include function, navigational, and numeric keys Ergonomic key - boards similar to traditional (not rectangular in shape and has a palm rest) Wireless keyboards keyboard for a tablet PC PDA keyboards - miniature keyboards Virtual keyboards Features Typewriter keyboard with numeric Special purpose keys keypad Toggle and combination keys Features Numeric keypad used to enter numbers and arithmetic symbols Function keys provides shortcuts to specific tasks Escape key cancels a selection or a procedure Windows key displays the start menu Spacebar enters blank spaces between characters Navigation keys controls the cursor or insertion point on the screen Pointing Devices Mice Mechanical Cordless or wireless Optical Three similar devices to mice Trackball or roller ball Pointing stick located in the middle of the keyboard Touch pads or touch surface Joystick input for computer games Touch Screen Multi-touch screen Stylus uses pressure to draw images on a screen; interacts with a computer through handwriting recognition software Scanning Devices Optical scanners Flatbed scanners like copy machine Document scanners can scan multiple documents; automatically feeds one at a time Portable scanners handheld device that slides across the image making direct contact Card Readers Magnetic card readers - stored on a thin magnetic strip; read when swiped through a card reader Radio Frequency card readers - chip that is read when passed within a few inches of a card reader Bar code readers Handheld wand readers or platform Contain photoelectric cells that read scanners bar codes Character and mark recognition devices Magnetic ink character recognition (MICR) used by banks to read magnetically encoded characters Optical-character recognition (OCR) - specially preprinted characters are read by OCR devices Optical-mark recognition (OMR) devices sense the presence or absence of marks, common for test scoring

Image Capturing Devices Digital cameras Images recorded digitally on a disk Digital

Images can be downloaded to a computer

video cameras Records motion digitally Can take still images as well WebCams Specialized digital video Broadcast images over the cameras Internet Instant Messaging and WebCams Exchange messages and files with friends Voice and video capabilities Application sharing Audio-Input Devices Voice recognition systems Use a microphone, a sound card, and special software Users can operate computers and create documents using voice commands What is Output? Processed data or information Types of output Text Audio & video Graphics/Photos Output devices Monitors Other Devices Printers Monitors Known as screens or display screens Output referred to as soft copy Features Resolution/pixels Refresh rate Dot pitch Siz Cathode-ray tube (CRT) monitors similar to television technology Flat-panel monitors Require less power to operate Portable and thinner than CRTs Other monitors E-books readers High-definition television (HDTV) Data projectors Printers Translates information that has been processed by the system unit Output referred to as hard copy Features Resolution measures the clarity of the images produce Measured in dots-per-inch (dpi) (Key Term) Most printers use an average of 1200 dpi; the higher the dpi, the better the quality of image produced Color capability - more expensive to print in color; usually have the option to print in either color or b/w Speed- measured in the number of pages printed per minute 15-19 pages per minute is the average for a single color page (black); 13-15 pages per minute for color Memory - used to store printing instructions and documents waiting to be printed Ink-jet printer -spray ink at high speed onto the surface of paper Laser printer - uses a laser light beam to produce images Personal laser printers Shared laser printers Thermal printer - uses heat elements to produce images on heat sensitive paper Other printers Dot-matrix printers slow, not used much anymore; poor quality but faster than some of newer printers

 Plotters -special purpose for maps, images, architectural & engineering drawings Photo printers - designed to print photographs from digital cameras Portable printers small or lightweight used my by notebooks; uses ink-jet or laser printer in b/w color Audio-Output Devices Translates audio information from the computer into sounds that people can understand Common devices Speakers Headphones Digital Music Players iPod iRiver Combination Input and Output Devices Fax machines Multifunctional Devices (MFD) - can combine the capabilities of a scanner, printer, fax and copy machine Internet telephones -specialized input and output devices for receiving and sending voice communication Known as Internet telephony Voice-over IP (VoIP) IP telephony Three approaches Internet Telephone Approaches Computer-to computer Free long distance calls MSN is most widely used software Requires computers to be connected to the Internet Computer-to traditional telephone Place the call from a computer to a phone Requires an Internet phone service provider Software requirements Small monthly and/or per-minute fee Traditional telephone-to-traditional telephone Does not require a computer Subscription required to a special Internet phone service provider Special hardware adapter Cost is similar to the computer-to-traditional telephone approach Careers In IT Technical writers prepare instruction manuals, technical reports, and other scientific or technical documents Typically requires a college degree Communications Journalism English Specialization or familiarization with a technical field Technical writers can expect to earn $46,500 to $76,500 annually. A Look to the Future- Electronic Translators May Be in Your Future Electronic Interpretation may soon exist to provide personal interpretation for foreign languages and images Prototype portable handheld electronic interpreters are currently in a testing phase at the U.S. Office of Naval Research Creating is labor intensive using both linguists and programmers