2007 SECTION I

PW-19.7 The welding shall be postweld heat treated in accordance with PW-39. PW-19.8 Telltale holes are not required in staybolts attached by welding.

PW-27.5 When welding UNS N06230 with filler metal of the same nominal composition as the base metal, only GMAW or GTAW processes are allowed.

FABRICATION
PW-26 GENERAL The rules in the following paragraphs apply specifically to the fabrication of boilers and parts thereof that are fabricated by welding and shall be used in conjunction with the general requirements for fabrication in Part PG, as well as with the specific requirements for fabrication in the applicable Parts of this Section that pertain to the type of boiler under consideration.

WELDING QUALIFICATION AND WELD RECORDS PW-28.1 Requirements for Qualification of Welding Procedures, Welders, and Welding Operators PW-28.1.1 The Welding Procedure Specifications, the welders, and the welding operators used in welding pressure parts and in joining load-carrying nonpressure parts, such as all permanent or temporary clips and lugs, to pressure parts shall be qualified in accordance with Section IX. PW-28.1.2 Except as provided in PW-28.1.2(a) and (b), the Welding Procedure Specification, the welders and the welding operators used in welding nonpressure-bearing attachments which have essentially no load-carrying function (such as extended heat transfer surfaces, insulation support pins, etc.) to pressure parts shall be qualified in accordance with Section IX. (a) When the welding process is automatic, welding procedure and performance qualification testing is not required. (b) When the material used for the nonpressure part makes the mechanical test requirements for procedure qualification and performance qualifications impracticable (i.e., insufficient material ductility), a weld test coupon may be evaluated using the macro-examination method for both groove and fillet welds. The test coupon may be of production configuration and shall be of sufficient length to contain a specimen for macro-examination. Heat treatment shall be considered a nonessential variable. The weldable quality of the nonpressure part materials shall be verified by the macro-examination of a single cross-section of the weld. Visual examination of the weld metal and heataffected zone of both the pressure part and nonpressure part material shall show complete fusion and freedom from cracks. PW-28.1.3 Welding of all test coupons shall be conducted by the Manufacturer. Testing of all test coupons shall be the responsibility of the Manufacturer. Qualification of a welding procedure, a welder, or a welding operator by one Manufacturer shall not qualify that procedure, welder, or the welding operator for any other Manufacturer except as provided in QW-201 and QW-300 of Section IX and PW-28.5. PW-28.2 No production work shall be undertaken until the procedures, the welders, and the welding operators have been qualified, except that performance qualification by radiography, in conformance with Section IX, QW-304 for welders or QW-305 for welding operators, may be
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PW-28

PW-27

WELDING PROCESSES

The welding processes that may be used under this Part shall meet all the test requirements of Section IX and are restricted to PW-27.1 through PW-27.4. PW-27.1 The following welding processes may be used for any Section I construction: shielded metal arc, submerged arc, gas metal arc, flux cored arc, gas tungsten arc, plasma arc, atomic hydrogen arc, oxyhydrogen, oxyacetylene, laser beam, electron beam, flash, induction, pressure thermit, pressure gas, and inertia and continuous drive friction welding. Resistance welding is permitted within the thickness and diameter limitations given in PG-9.5, except that circumferential butt welds and pressure-bearing attachment welds are not restricted. Resistance welding of nonpressure-bearing attachments is not restricted, except as provided in PW27.2. PW-27.2 Arc stud welding and resistance stud welding may be used for nonpressure-bearing attachments having a load- or nonload-carrying function. Stud size shall be limited to 1 in. (25 mm) diameter maximum for round studs or an equivalent cross-sectional area for studs with other shapes. For load-carrying attachments, the requirements of PW-28.6 shall be met prior to the start of production welding, and the postweld heat treatment requirements of PW-39 shall also be complied with. PW-27.3 The electroslag welding process may be used for butt welds only in austenitic stainless steels of types listed in PW-5.3 and ferritic steels. Electroslag welds in ferritic steels require special NDE [Table PW-11, General Notes (a) and (b)] and special heat treatment (PW-39.7). PW-27.4 Definitions are given in Section IX, which include variations of these processes.