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The term percent means per every 100. 50 percent means 50 out of 100. The symbol % is used to denote percent. Ex: 20%, 35%, 80% etc. Percent to fraction: To convert percent into fraction, divide the percent by 100.
Fraction to percent: To convert fraction into percent, multiply the fraction by 100.
Decrement percent =
Ex. Decrement % in 5 and 8 is 5/8 100 = 37.5%. Some important percent /fractions.
Following rules should be kept in mind for solving the questions on percentage
1. For converting a given percentage into a fraction, divided it by 100 or multiply by 2. For converting a given fraction into a percentage multiply it by 100.
3. For converting one given quantity, say, x as a percentage of another given quantity, say, y find Note - percentage is never expressed in any unit like rupees or kilos. 4. When there are two articles a and b in a group and in the ratio of a : b then to express any one article as a percentage of the group, divide the article by the total articles of the group and multiplies the whole by 100.
Percentage of a =
And, Percentage of b =
EXAMPLES
Note: Both quantities are converted into same unit. Example 5. A person spent 85% of his monthly income and thereafter saves Rs.360 per month. Find out his total income. Sol: Suppose his monthly income is Rs. 100 Expenditure = 85% = Rs. 85 Saving = Rs. 100 85 = Rs. 15 If saving is Rs. 15 income is Rs. 100
Example 6. If a student gets 38 marks out of 50, what is the percentage of his obtained marks?
Sol: Percentage of obtained marks = 76% Example 7. If two numbers are respectively 30% and 40% more then a third number, what percentage is the first of the second? Sol: Let the third number be 100 First number = 100 + 30% of 100 = 130 and Second number = 100 + 40% of 100 = 140 Percentage of the first number to the second number to the second number
Example 8. A student scores 20% marks and fails by 30 marks while another student who scores 32% marks, gets 42 marks more than the minimum required pass marks. What are the maximum marks for the examination? Sol: 32% - 20% = 12% And 42(-30) = 72 12% marks = 72
100% marks = Example 9. An engineering student has to secure 50% marks to pas. He gets 163 marks and fails by 37 marks. Find the maximum marks Sol: Minimum marks required = 163 + 37 = 200 If 50 are the minimum marks then maximum marks = 100