Solar Air Conditioning System

By

Energetic Consulting Pvt. Ltd., Thane

Energy saved is profit earned.

Process Adopted
Conduct energy audit at the site Analyze & understand the existing energy scenario Perform techno-economical analysis of the Energy Saving Measures (ESMs) Propose the feasible ESMs without compromising on output A i t in Assist i d designing i i and di implementing l ti th the ESM ESMs with ith a h heightened i ht d level of customization

Thermal Solar Cooling Techniques

Absorption Cooling: Energy is transferred through phase-change processes

Adsorption Cooling: Energy is transferred through phase-change processes

Desiccant Cooling: Energy is transferred through latent heat processes

Absorption Cooling

Absorbent LiBr H2O

Refrigerant H2O NH3

Adsorption cooling
Adsorption is the use of solids for removing substances from gases and liquids The phenomenon is based on the preferential partitioning of substances from the gaseous or liquid phase onto the surface of a solid substrate. The process is reversible

Adsorption Phase 1
Heating g and pressurization p
The adsorbent temperature increases, which induces a pressure increase, from the evaporation pressure up to the condensation pressure. pressure This period is equivalent to the "compression" phase in compression cycles. cycles

Adsorption Phase 2
Heating and desorption + condensation
During this period period, the adsorber continues receiving heat while being connected to the condenser which now superimposes its pressure condenser, pressure. The adsorbent temperature continues increasing, which induces desorption p of vapour. p This desorbed vapour is liquefied in the condenser. The condensation heat is released to the second heat sink at intermediate temperature. This period is equivalent to the "condensation" in compression cycles.

Adsorption Phase 3
Cooling and depressurization
During this period, the adsorber releases heat while being g closed. The adsorbent temperature decreases, which induces the pressure decrease from the condensation pressure down to the evaporation pressure. This period is equivalent to the "expansion" in compression cycles.

Adsorption Phase 4
Cooling and adsorption + evaporation
During g this p period, the adsorber continues releasing heat while being connected to the evaporator, which now superimposes its pressure. The adsorbent temperature continues decreasing, which induces adsorption of vapor. This adsorbed vapour is evaporated in the evaporator. The evaporation heat is supplied by the heat source at low temperature. This period is equivalent to the "evaporation" in compression cycles.

Adsorption cooling - Examples

Desiccant refrigeration
Addresses the issue of thermal comfort by modifying the water vapor content in a space. p

Desiccant refrigeration principle

Desiccant refrigeration flow-chart

Frequently Asked Questions

Can the solar air conditioning system replace the existing system? The solar air conditioning system is not designed to replace an existing system, system but rather to sit alongside it and keep the existing system from operating a large percentage of the time. The solar HVAC system will not work at night or during times of extended overcast conditions. Can solar air conditioning systems be used for residential applications? Yes, from a technical standpoint. What is the life expectancy of a solar powered A/C system? The median life expectancy of the absorption systems is 23 years according to ASHRAE. There are few moving parts to wear out other than small, small low cost pumps pumps.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the cost of a solar powered A/C system? The solar AC system cost will vary based on location location, installation conditions and other factors. A Budgetary quote can be provided after receiving g data and a firm q quotation may y require q a site survey. y Is this technology new? It is not new; rather it is a combination of two very well established technologies. Solar thermal collectors have a 30+ year success story behind them, and the absorption chillers have been in use f over 50 years. P for Putting i them h together h with i h the h right i h engineering i i is the only thing that is new, coming about over the past 10 years or so. so

Frequently Asked Questions

What type of maintenance is involved with a solar powered A/C unit? Typically the maintenance is the same or less than with a regular HVAC system. Any commercial system should have a bi-annual preventive maintenance check-up. check up Does this technology qualify for tax credits/rebates? Definitely e te y t this s depends depe ds on o national at o a policy. po cy Can the solar collectors for the solar A/C be used for any heating applications? Yes, when configured as a HVAC system the unit will provide heat in the winter.

Our Experience in SAC

We have design and carried out engineering of 160 Ton Solar Air Conditioning g System y at Kalwa Hospital, p Thane We are the only team to have accomplished this feat on such scale Following is an insight to the project

Existing Energy Scenario

Energy Audit 2004 conducted by Energetic Consulting Pvt. Ltd., defines the baseline of energy dynamics of the facility

Thermal energy is used to generate steam and burn hazardous waste

Electrical energy is used for lighting, g g, chilled water generation, for air handling units, water pumping etc.

Thermal energy bill is INR 34 Lac per annum

Electrical energy bill is INR 75.51 Lac per annum

Thermal energy bill constitutes 31% of total energy bill

Electrical energy bill constitutes 69% of total energy bill

Electrical Energy Scenario

Breakup of electrical energy utilization at CSMH

HVACsystem(includingpumps) LightingHospitalbuilding StreetLighting Waterpump U ili i Utilities Labandmiscellaneous WindowAirconditioners

Present Energy Scenario

Usage of air conditioning system

Loss + Baby Care + Computer 33%

CSSD 6% Main OT 25%

Ophthalmo. 10%

ICU 10%

Xray 7%

Gynac 9%

Existing Energy Scenario

Air conditioning system installed capacity (electrical) Air conditioning system energy consumption Cost of electrical energy for air conditioning Cost of maintenance of AC system 10 Lac kWh / annum Rs. 38 Lacs / annum Rs. 13 Lac per annum Total Cost of Energy for AC System Rs. 61 Lac / annum 2 nos. x 90 TR

Energy Saving Measures (ESMs)

ESM-1: De-rating and tuning of boilers to reduce excess air level and to reduce flue gas temperature ESM-2: Fuel substitution for boiler system
Option A : Use of Agro based briquettes instead of fossil fuel (HSD) Option B : Use of Natural Gas Option C : Changeover to LDO from HSD

ESM-3: Replacement of water ring vacuum pump by new water ring vacuum pump for reducing the batch cycle time ESM-4: Use of condensate for hot water generation ESM-5: Improvement in pumping system efficiency for potable water and chilled water

Energy Saving Measures (ESMs)

ESM-6: Improvement in the performance of the present chiller system ESM-7: Thermal storage system for the replacement of the existing chilling system ESM-8: Replacement of existing Tube lights with Energy Efficient Tube lights and maintain the Lux levels as per National Building Codes ESM-9:Replace Aluminum fan-blades by FRP fan-blades for all Cooling Towers ESM-10: Solar Air Conditioning System

Considerations for New System Design

Replacement of existing electrical chillers considering their vintage The vapour compression system was installed in the year 1991 1991, hence the system was about 15-16 years old and had become inefficient too 100% renewable energy solution for the entire air conditioning and steam system DG backup was not sufficient to operate electrical chillers in case of power failure or shut down. The new system should minimize electrical energy to operate the facility even in case of power failure Maintenance cost of the reciprocating machines was high and were running at low efficiency

Considerations for New System Design

Lack of ventilation at OPD section was creating suffocation and discomfort and the new system should include additional load of (conditioned) ventilation at OPD Low side system needed total revamp and air ducting to critical areas needed thorough cleaning from inside Fresh air was not added to the system in order to reduce heat load Fresh air is required to be added to the system as per ASHRAE standards 62.1 for indoor air quality management Proposed system considered LDS system to minimize additional head load after addition of fresh air Hot water requirement for laundry consumption

Technical Details of Proposed System

Description of SAC system: SAC system was designed for 6 hrs/day for 8 months and the backup boiler used briquettes to fire steam at 10 bar for the balance hours, including the 4 months of monsoon Components: 160 TR Solar thermal Vapour Absorption System 52.5 52 5 TR Liquid Desiccant system Cooling tower with cooling water pumps Chilled Chill d water t pumps

Technical Details of Proposed System

Modifications at Low Side Valves New Micro-Vee Micro Vee filters or HEPA filters Flow control Dampers Removing R i old ld piping i i and dd ducting ti Revamp of Fan Coil Units and AHUs Duct, insulation, piping, filter and any and all connected parts to make the system compliant with the norms

Salient features of SAC System

Novel concept p using g solar thermal energy gy for air conditioning g contributing to national cause. VAM Coefficient of p performance ( (COP) ) is above 1.26 No compressor required, most effective step towards energy conservation Drastic reduction in expensive maintenance No CFCs, effective step to protect ozone depletion eco-friendly eco friendly design Suitable for infection control

13.6 m2 Scheffler Concentrators with Chiller and Evaporator

Technical Summary of the Project

80 TR x 2 Nos. of Vapor Absorption Machines (VAMs) are operated on 8 bar steam generated by generate chilled water The chilled water is circulated through AHUs and FCUs for providing air conditioning. g Some of he AHUs from existing g facility y were repaired p and few were replaced to ensure proper conditions in the conditioned area. OPD section, 184 nos. of solar parabola, each of 13.6 m2 area to

which did not have any ventilation or air conditioning, provided with conditioned ventilation LDS, technology developed by IIT Mumbai, was used for dehumidification of air that would be fed to the OPD section. section This air enters the OPD section at 26 C and 15 C dew point and is cooled by chilled water generated out of SAC All put together, 2502.40 m2 of solar parabolic concentrator area is used to provide 160 TR chilling and 52.5 TR conditioned ventilation

Technical Summary of the Project

2 nos. boilers with agro residue briquette as fuel are deployed as backup to the solar system during non non-sunny sunny days The last component of the system is the Low side modifications that were necessary due to health and hygiene standards. The project is aimed at reduction in Green House Gas (GHG) emissions to 1200 CERs equivalent tons of Carbon dioxide The CDM benefits of the project shall be availed and are included in the project cost

Estimated Energy Conservation Potential

Present Energy Consumption : Electrical consumption : Rs. 42.5 Lac / annum (Chiller comp) Fuel Consumption Maintenance Cost Central A/C Plant : 61,000 Lit per year @ Rs. 38.73/ Liter : Rs. 23.62 Lac / annum : Rs. 13.6 Lac / year : Rs. 5 Lac per annum

Spare parts and O & M cost

The annual energy consumption of the chiller section was around 8,50,000 kWh/annum

CDM benefits
The project has renewable energy solutions that attract clean development mechanism under Kyoto protocol for carbon emissions The extent of carbon credits is CER per annum equivalent to Rs Rs. 6 Lac per annum MNRE subsidy for solar air conditioning system is estimated to be Rs. 124 Lac With these benefits and reduced cost of operations, the overall payback is less than 5 years !!

5 to 5.5 kWh/m2/day

Solar Insolation Map

About Us
We believe in Energy saved is profit earned We are a consortium of technocrats with Chemical, Mechanical and Electrical engineering backgrounds We are one of the 35 Energy service Companies (ESCOs) accredited by Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE), Ministry of Power, Govt. of India Our team Comprises of 6 Certified Energy Auditors by BEE We have also been accredited by statutory agencies such as Petroleum Conservation Research Association, Maharashtra Energy Development Agency, Gujarat Energy Development Agency and Kerala Energy M Management t Centre C t

About Us

We p possess a collective experience p of more than 135 man-years! y We have completed more than 200 assignments We provide assistance in implementation of Encon Encon and have contributed in completion of more than 20 projects

We are a recipient of MEDAs MEDA s Excellence Excellence in Energy Conservation Conservation awards for the years 2004 , 2005 and 2006

Accreditations and Awards

Team Energetic
No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Team Member Rajesh j Deshpande p Shirish Deshpande Rakesh Desai Ravi Bhalerao Vivek Bapat Ravi Amdekar Anand Achari Himanshu Manjrekar Prashant Waghmare Rahul Shevale Nilesh Deshpande Pritee Chandak Maruti Jadhav Yogesh Nadgauda Siddheshwar Pise B Bageshri hiN Nair i Parag Nerurkar Bhushan Agrnoor Qualifications B. Tech ( (Chem), ), Certified Energy gy Auditor B. E. (Chem), Certified Energy Auditor, LEED-AP B. E. (Chem), Certified Energy Auditor B. E. (Mech), Certified Energy Auditor B. E. (Ele), Certified Energy Auditor B. E. (Ele), Certified Energy Auditor M Arch (Environmental) M. B.E. (Mech) B. E. (Chem) B E. B. E (Chem) B. E. (Chem) M. Arch (Environmental) B E. B. E (Chem) B. E. (Chem) B. E. (Mech) MBA (Mktg) (Mkt ) D. Electronics Engg. M. Com - Accountant Experience 17 Years 16 Years 15 Years 25 Years 25 Years 25 Years 9 Years 3 Years 2 Years 3 Years 3 Years 1 Year GET GET GET 3Y Years 3 Years 9 Years

Our Instruments bank

Ultra-sonic Flow-meters Microprocessor based Power Analysers Anemometer Pitot Tube Orsat O Apparatus U tube Manometer Swing Psychrometers Lux-meters Temperature Measuring Instruments Suction & Discharge Pressure Gauges Tachometer Infra I f Red R d temperature t t sensor

How to reach us
E Energetic i Consulting C li Pvt P Ltd Ld
Plot No. A 88, Road No. 18, W l Industrial Wagle I d ti lA Area, Thane (West) 400 604, India Tel: +91 22 2580 5126 Fax: +91 22 2544 7011 Email: mktg@ecpl.co.in , info@ecpl.co.in Web: www.energy2profit.co.in www.abinitio.co.in

Warm Thanks !