The cell death eld continues to emerge as it moves beyond classical distinctions between apoptosis (a form of PCD) and

necrosis, an accidental cell death. Apoptosis has been characterized by morphological changes including cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation, and cell disintegration into small apoptotic bodies which can be removed in vivo by phagocytosis. Here we list down a few tools from Genomax Technologies for the studies of apoptosis and cell death.

RAYBIOTECH APOPTOSIS ANTIBODY ARRAY

The RayBio Human Apoptosis Antibody Array can detect 43 di erent apoptotic proteins (including p53) with picogram-per-milliliter (pg/ml) sensitivity. Researchers studying the deregulation of apoptosis in diseases such as coronary artery disease, HIV infection and cancer can use the array to increase detection of apopotic proteins within their samples. The kit consists of the arrays and all reagents necessary for detecting these proteins in cell and tissue lysates. This array also features detection of GAPDH (Glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase) as a loading control indicator for cell lysates tested with the array. For more information, please visit: http://www.raybiotech.com/apoptosis-array.html

DEAD OR ALIVE? BIOLEGEND FIXABLE ZOMBIE AQUATM

It is critical to understand the degree of cell death in any ow cytometry assay and exclude those cells from the analysis. BioLegend provides DNA dyes, Propidium Iodide and 7-AAD, which BIOLOGICALS enter and stain dead cells, but are impermeable to live cells for rapid, cost-e ective NOVUS ANTIBODIES FOR analysis of un xed cells. In cases where cell xation is required, we now introduce xable Zombie Aqua. Zombie Aqua is a xable dye that reacts with amine groups on proteins. Live cells exclude the dye, so that only cell surface proteins will be labeled, while dead cells allow the entry of the dye into the cytoplasm increasing the amount of total protein labeling. Thus, dead cells will be signi cantly brighter for Zombie Aqua uorescence than live cells. For more information, please visit: http://www.biolegend.com/live_dead

APOPTOSIS

APOPTOSIS MARKERS ANTIBODIES

Our partnering antibody suppliers provide a whole range of apoptosis-related antibodies, targeting inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), death receptor signaling pathway, apoptosis inducing factor, caspases and p53. Some of our apoptosis Abs include APAF1, Bad, Bak, Bax, Bcl2, BCL2A1, BCL2L1, BCL2L12, Bid, Bik, Bim, Bmf, Bok, Caspase 3, Caspase 8, Cytochrome C, DIABLO, Endo G, Hrk, HtrA2, MCL1, Noxa, PUMA, Smac and many more. Please contact Genomax if you are looking for any apoptosis-related antibodies.
[Left image] Cultured HeLa cells labeled for tubulin (red) and counterstained with DAPI (blue) with some cells expressing Golgi-targeted GFP. The center cells have undergone apoptosis. From Novus Bio (USA).

Reagents for Cell Death Detection: Annexin V

Annexin V belongs to the annexin family of intracellular proteins, that bind to phosphatidylserine (PS) in a calcium-dependent manner. In viable cells, PS is located on the inner lea et of the plasma membrane. While maintaining an intact plasma membrane, cells undergoing early apoptosis will undergo a loss of membrane asymmetry involving the translocation of PS to the external lea et. During late apoptosis or necrosis, plasma membrane integrity is lost, therefore facilitating the access of cell impermeant DNA dyes such as Propidium Iodide (PI) and 7-Aminoactinomycin D (7-AAD). The dual staining of cells with Annexin V and either PI or 7-AAD will e ectively resolve viable, early apoptotic and late www.novusbio.com novus@novusbio.com apoptotic/necrotic cell populations by ow cytometry. Early apoptotic cells will exclude 7-AAD and PI, staining positive for Annexin V only, while late-stage apoptotic and necrotic cells will exhibit positive staining, due to the passage of these dyes into the cell nucleus. Visit here to see our Annexin V reagent: http://www.biolegend.com/ tc-annexin-v-apoptosis-detection-kit-with-pi-8230.html
(Annexin V- negative; PI - negative)

Viable Cells

(Annexin V- positive; PI - negative)

Apoptotic Cells

(Annexin V- positive; PI - positive)

Late apoptotic or necrotic cells

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