Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
TRUIMPHAL ARCHES
AQUEDUCTS
TRAJAN MARKET
R O M A N
H A D R I A N
B A T H
V I L L A S
R O M A N
O R
U M
T R A J A N 31
P I L L A R S
Roman Architrecture 32
stones laid
in
3. Opus Recticulatum fine joints were in diagonal lines like the meshes of a net.
32
Roman Architecture 33 4. Opus Testaceum triangular bricks ( plan) specially made for facing the walls.
5. Opus Mixtum consisted of bands of tufa introduced at intervals in the ordinary brick facing or alteration of rectangular blocks with small squared stone blocks.
33
B. RECTANGULAR TEMPLES used Pseudo Peripteral ( half col. Attached to the naos wall, raised in a podium, oriented towards the south. Roman Architecture 34 e. g. Temple of Fortuna Virilis, Rome Temple of Mars Ultor, Rome Temple of Diana, Nimes Temple of Vespasian, Rome Temple of Jupiter, Spalato Temple of Saturn, Rome Temple of Venus & Rome Maison Carree, Nimes C. CIRCULAR & POLYGONAL TEMPLES derived from the temples of the Greeks & the Etruscans w/c became the prototype of the Christian baptistery. e. g. Temple of Vesta, Rome the most sacred shrine & source of Roman life & power. Temple of Venus, Baalbek The Pantheon, Rome most famous & perfect preservation of all ancient bldgs. in Rome. It was now converted into a Christian church named Sta. Maria Rotonda. D. BASILICAS halls of justice or Assembly hall. e. g. Trajans Basilica, Rome built by Apollodorus of Damascus Basilica of Constantine, Rome -also known as Basilica of Maxentius or Basilica Nova.
34
Roman Architecture 35
E. THERMAE a palatial public bath with three main parts : 1. Main bldg. Central Structure w/ chief apartments a) Tepidarium warm room b) Calidarium hot room, or with hot water bath c) Frigidarium cooling room d) Sudarium dry sweating room e) Apodyteria dressing room f) Palaestra - for physical exercise g) Unctuaria or untoria place for oils & perfumes h) Spaeresterium game room
2. XYSTUS OR PUBLIC PARK W/ AVENUES OF TREES a large open space with trees, statues & fountains, part of it was used as a stadium for foot- racing & where athletic sports took place. 3. OUTER RING OF APARTMENTS Lecture rooms Exedrae Collonade Large Reservoir e.g. Thermae Caracalla, Rome with a capacity of 1,600 bathers Thermae of DiocletianRome largest w/ capacity of 3,000 bathers Thermae of Titus , Rome Thermae of Grippa, Rome F. BALNEUM private bath in Roman palaces & houses containing the ff : 1. Tepidarium 2. Calidarium 3. Frigidarium
35
G. THEATERS OR ODEION Roman theaters were built up by means of concrete vaulting, supporting tiers of seats, it was restricted to a semi- circle. e. g. Theater of Marcellus, Rome Theater Orange H. AMPHI THEATERS OR COLOSSEUM use for gladiatorial combats, elliptical in plan. e. g. The Colosseum, Rome known as Flavian Amphitheater, commenced by Vespasian & completed by Domitian.
36
37
Roman Architecture 38
38
in a house covered a total of 8 acres, almost the size of Escorial, Spain. O. ROMAN HOUSES (3) Types of Roman Dwellings : a.) The Domus or private house center of family apartments.
Roman Architecture 39
39
40