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Introduction
Total population -2,8
million
Number of families -
759,9 thousand
Children under 18 years
The government of
Mongolia pursue a policy to support the growth of population and have been reflecting this policy on social protection issues.
Population
Social welfare expenditure and cash assistance /as % of GDP and government budget /
24.0%
7.18%
1.21%
0.04%
0.85%
2.8% 0.1%
2.8%
Social Assistance to vulnerable % of Goverment -group, , budget expenditure %- to , Social Assistance vulnerable group, % of Government % budget expenditure
The targeted Child Money Program, January 2005 to June 2006: a new form of social transfer
Child benefit of Tog 3,000 ($2.60) per child for Households (HH)
01.01.200501.06. 2005
Households living in poverty identified using proxy means testing Households with 3 or more children Vaccination Not engaged in worst forms of child labour Enrolled in school Living with parents Households with 3 or more children
3000 MNT per month 3000 MNT per month 25 000 MNT per quarter 20 000 MNT per month / (14.3US$)
650,000
932,000
932,000 967,900
35%
65%
91%
92%
93%
95%
Expenditure
Eligibility
Poor househol ds
All households
showed:
huge leakage to non-poor
60 40 20 0
10.4
Universal programme
Exclusion error
Leakage
20
12.5 10.6 5.1 4.1 3.2 1.3
Universal, at $2.60
12 10 8 6 4 2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Deciles
amount equivalent to 18 USD transfer has being extended to all citizens (even to adults) of Mongolia from revenue of mineral resources accumulated in Human Development Fund. This measure comes from political commitment. Amount of 550 million USD has been spent annually for this program. However, this program has been terminated too since Jul, 2012.
Beneficiary target group- All children under 18 years are eligible f. Institution responsible for implementing the program Administered by the Government Social Welfare Agency
essential Integrated management information system for all social welfare programmes is needed Cash transfer cannot substitute for the delivery of quality services. Need for stronger government role in providing protection services for children in situations of extreme vulnerability Even it is universal, documentation requirements barriers to access by very poor and vulnerable, including migrants
Policy recommendations
Retain the universal program, dont return to
targeting: Targeting leads to corruption & manipulation Less exclusion errors Universal benefit further reduced poverty Universal benefit was progressive along HH expenditure distribution Strong public support for universal benefit