Ivey Lee ENG 1102-025 Megan Keaton 25 March 2013 Annotated Bibliography 1. Prevention India.

Whats Your Childs Learning Style? March 2011. 11 March 2013. This introduces the basic information needed to understand the three different learning methods. It includes that the visual learner stays focused by taking notes and highlighting. A visual learner is said to be good a spelling, reading fast, puzzles, and drawing. They prefer studying alone and tend to be neat. The auditory learner stays focused by listening, answering questions, and studying with a partner or small group. They have a wide range of vocabulary and excel in theatre and debate. They can to be easily distracted by noise. Lastly, the kinesthetic learner retains most information when they are active and moving around. They gesture a lot when speaking, cannot sit still for long, and tend to love open spaces. These kinds of learners excel in outdoor activities and making models. These people also tend to be unorganized. The author explains herself well because she gives a basic overview of each learning style and then lists characteristics of each style so that the reader can get a deep understanding of each one. The information she includes helps the reader relate to her ideas because the reader could already associate himself or herself to a category. At the end of the article, she talks about her family members and their styles. Including a real life situation helps the reader understand the three learning methods better because they are now relatable. This is a good starting article to use in my paper to provide my readers with a basis of the different learning methods. This is less of an argument and more of a fact-based article. I can use

these facts in the beginning of my inquiry paper. Quote 1: "With an understanding of this paradigm researched extensively by Dunn & Dunn (2000), learning becomes more fun and certainly more productive (2). Quote 2: One child may learn by writing notes or making diagrams, whereas another may learn by reading aloud, through brainstorming (1). Quote 3: Most of us are a mix of different learning styles. However, each one has a preference for a particular modality (1).

2. Leopold, Lisa. In The Classroom. Prewriting Tasks for Auditory, Visual, and Kinesthetic Learners. TESL Canada Journal. Spring 2012. 11 March 2013. The main points of this article are basically stating the three main learning methods, auditory, visual, and kinesthetic and how a teacher should go about teaching this information to accommodate for each learning preference. This article lists ways in which a teacher can teach a student so that a student from each style can comprehend it. The examples for an auditory learner include reading aloud, discussion, debate, and lectures. The visual learner learns best through the use of charts, drawings, and pictures. Finally, the kinesthetic learner understands material through the use of movement, drama, competitions, and handling objects/models. This article also talks about different cultures and the learning methods they prefer. For example, the article states that Asian international students dont work well with auditory learning. It also states that students who are enrolled in intensive English programs in the US prefer kinesthetic learning. The author also argues that teachers should try to combine all learning methods into their curriculum in order to reach maximum amount of learning for all students.

In this article, the author that it is the teachers job to accommodate their learning styles to fit the student by the way she explains that instructors should attempt to diversify their teaching methods. She made this argument by proving how well learning works when a student is taught with his/her preferred learning method (98, paragraph 2). This article is believable because it is a credible source and contains many facts that are supported. Before this article, I was more interested in the correlation between gender/age and learning styles but this article introduces me to the idea of a correlation between cultures and learning styles. I agree with the writer in the aspect that a teacher should accommodate for all learning styles in a classroom. This article opens the idea of focusing on cultures but also gives me a basis of the three different learning styles I am researching. For my paper, I will include the facts about the people from other cultures. I will also use the information she stated about teachers conforming to the students learning styles to refute another author who thinks differently. Quote 1: Several Scholars conclude that culture is one of the determining factors that affect a students preferred learning styles (97). Quote 2: Among children of cultural minority groups, a mismatch in teaching and learning styles has been linked to poor academic performance and negative attitudes toward education. Conversely, a match between learning and teaching styles has been correlated with higher student achievement rates (97). Quote 3: Without abandoning the principal tenets of the process approach to writing, I argue that instructors should attempt to diversify their writing pedagogy to include all learning style preferences (98).

3. Sprenger, Marilee. Differentiation Through Learning Styles and Memory. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Corwin Press, 2003. Print. The main points of this section of the book explain how information is processed into the brain, some characteristics of people who are different learners, and in-depth studies of the different types of learning. This book goes into detail about each type of learning style which are still visual, auditory, and kinesthetic. The author introduces new sub-categories to the kinesthetic learner. These categories include hands-on learner, whole-body learners, and doodlers. Listed in this work are different ways in which a child can be introduced to new material and emphasizes that an order for these methods is important. The main point of this section of the book is that it is up to the student to figure out his/her preferred learning method opposed to the teacher conforming to the students needs. Sprengers argument is fairly weak because most of her writing is fact based and its focusing on her opinion. The argument at hand is strong because it is just facts being stated. Since these facts are correct and the source has credit, the argument is credible and strong. Does Sprenger have any opinion about learning styles or is she just simply stating facts? From this section of the book, I plan to introduce the three new kinesthetic categories. These are helpful because it will give the reader a better understanding of exactly what that learning style is. I plan on listing the characteristics that a person will most likely have depending on their learning style preference. I find it interesting that someone can most likely determine a personal characteristic based off of learning style. I like this text because it gives lots of vital information necessary to have a thorough factual paper. Quote 1: But it is more important that the student understand their preferences, so they can learn with their strengths (35).

Quote 2: All of your senses are always on Since all information is received through our five senses, many researchers feel that a preference is developed for a specific sense (33). Quote 3: Information enters the brain though the senses. All sensory information except the sense of smell is processed the same way (32).

4. Gregory, Gayle, and Carolyn Chapman. Differentiated Instructional Strategies: One Size Doesn't Fit All. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Corwin Press, 2007. Print. This article includes information about the three learning styles and also introduces two new styles. The new styles that this books includes are tactile and tactile/kinesthetic. Tactile learners learn best by handling objects and being involved with concrete objects. This book also denotes that learning is affected by many factors. Time of day, background sound, and design structure can affect a persons ability to learn depending on his/her learning preference. This book includes the percent for which a person is more likely to retain something and what they should do to make this happen. This book breaks down each learning style in a different way in order to get more familiar with each method. The very first page of this book argues that all students are different by listing the differently learning styles. This article does not have a very strong argument because it does not support its claims with evidence. If the author were to add example of how students learn differently then maybe the source would gain a strong argument. I agree with the authors arguments that learning styles differ from person to person. I am a visual and kinesthetic learner and dislike auditory learning. I cant retain information well when I hear it but I prefer seeing it. This book made me think about factors that affect learning. How does the factor correlate with learning style? This text provides my factual paper with more

information about the three topics of learning. In my paper, I will introduce the new subcategories of the kinesthetic learner and compare them to the other methods. The arguments being made a strong but still fact-based so its hard to have a really strong argument. Quote 1: Experience, as well as the research we now have about the human brain, tells us that students are different, that they learning differently and heave different likes, preferences, and needs (1). Quote 2: It is important for teachers to be aware of the different modalities and provide adequate activities that tap into each of them during the school day. The more teachers can involve all modalities and learning styles, the more chances they have of engaging learners in using their whole brains (24). Quote 3: It is with utmost importance that we recognize and nurture all of the varied human intelligences, and all the combinations of intelligences (Gardner 33).

5. Gregory, Gayle, and Lin Kuzmich. Differentiated Literacy Strategies for Student Growth and Achievement in Grades K-6. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Corwin Press, 2005. Print. This book is like the others in the way that it talks about the different learning styles. The difference is that this book associates those styles with genders. This book also breaks down the learning stages of children into two sub categories: reading and writing. They argue that five year olds need to be taught things one at a time, eight year olds are talkative and have lots of energy, and that by twelve years old the students are self-aware and have an interest in current worldly events. Developmental stages are introduced into the idea of learning styles. Ones style may change as he or she grows. This book also introduces the new idea that learning involves

conscious and unconscious attention. This means that the brains ability to retain information is affected by stimuli such as body language, classroom climate, and orderliness. Again, this source is less of an argumentative piece and more of a factual piece. The arguments being made deal with gender, age, and stimuli. This book is arguing that girls are smarter than boys by providing statistics in the data that support this claim. The authors argue that the critical learning time in a persons life is ages five to twelve also by data that has been found. Lastly, the authors are arguing that outside stimuli can affect a students learning by listing the types of stimuli and the effects it has on children. I will use the information given to me about stimuli to relate it to the other book. These points will help add to my factual paper about learning styles and the ages and genders of each. I agree with the writers in the fact that every brain is unique. Many authors from the other books have added that each student learns differently and this will be the main focus of my paper. Lastly, this book provides me with the finishing pieces of information to finish my factual paper. Quote 1: The brain is very susceptible to school, home, and life experiences that are either positive or negative. Any experiences that affect our emotions affect our learning (40). Quote 2: This is a result of nature and nurtureThese differences play out through leaning styles and different strategies in areas of intelligence (42). Quote 3: Peripheral stimuli include everything from body language to classroom climate to physical environment, including dcor and orderliness (42).