CCNA – Semester2

Module 2
Introduction to Router

Objectives

• Function and operation of IOS

• Establishing session and log into router
• CLI help features
 Operating Cisco IOS Software

Purpose of Cisco IOS Software

• Basic routing and switching functions

• Reliable and secure access to networked
resources
• Network scalability
Router user interface

• The Cisco IOS software uses a command-line

interface (CLI) as the traditional console
environment.
• This environment is accessible through several
methods:
– Console
– AUX
– Telnet

Router user interface modes

• The Cisco (CLI) uses a hierarchical structure.
• Each configuration mode is indicated with a distinctive prompt and
allows only commands that are appropriate for that mode. The IOS
provides a command interpreter service known as the command
executive (EXEC).
User EXEC and Privileged EXEC

• The user EXEC mode

allows only a limited
number of basic
monitoring commands.
This is often referred to
as a “view only” mode.
• The privileged EXEC
mode accesses all router
commands. This mode
can be configured to
require a password from
the user before accessing
it.

Operating Environment

• The ROM monitor performs the bootstrap process

and provides low-level functionality and
diagnostics. It is used to recover from system
failures and to recover a lost password.
• Boot ROM mode use a limited subset of the Cisco
IOS feature set, is used primarily to replace Cisco
IOS image that is stored in flash.
Check for IOS

• To see the IOS image and version that is

running, use the show version command, which
also indicates other system settings.
• The show flash command is used to verify that
the system has sufficient memory to load a new
Cisco IOS image

Command: show version

ROM: System Bootstrap, Version 11.0(10c), SOFTWARE
BOOTFLASH: 3000 Bootstrap Software (IGS-BOOT-R), Version
11.0(10c), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)

LAB_A uptime is 0 minutes

System restarted by reload
System image file is "flash:c1700-ny-mz.122-13.T8.bin", booted
via flash
cisco 2500 (68030) processor (revision N) with 6144K/2048K bytes
of memory.
Processor board ID 09218746, with hardware revision 00000000
Bridging software.
X.25 software, Version 2.0, NET2, BFE and GOSIP compliant.
1 Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 interface(s)
2 Serial network interface(s)
32K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory.
8192K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY)
Configuration register is 0x2102
Command: show flash
System flash directory:
File Length Name/status
1 5895768 c1700-ny-mz.122-13.T8.bin
[5895832 bytes used, 2492776 available, 8388608 total]
8192K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY)

Starting a Router
Router Startup Sequence

Setup Mode

• Setup is not intended as the mode for entering

complex protocol features in the router.
• Setup mode is to install a minimal configuration
for a router, unable to locate a configuration
from another source.
• Setup mode is called when there is no
configuration file at startup or when user issue
setup command
 Setup Mode

• At startup, if you see the question “Would you like to enter the
initial configuration dialog?”, answer no.
• Jump out of setup mode without saving by pressing Ctrl+C

Router LED indicators

• Cisco routers use LED indicators to provide

status information.
• An interface LED indicates the activity of the
corresponding interface.
• The green OK LED will be on after the system
initializes correctly.
 Initial Bootup

Logging into the router

User Mode Interface config

Privileged Mode Line config

Config Mode Router config

• A user must login to the router before any

other commands are entered.
Keyboard help in the router CLI

• Typing a question mark (?) displays a handy list

of available commands.
• The "--More--" prompt at the bottom of the
display indicates that multiple screens are
available as output. Press the Spacebar to view
the next page, or Enter key to view the next line.
• The dollar sign ($) indicates that the line has
been scrolled to the left.

Editing and History Functions

Router command history

• With the command history feature, the following

tasks may be completed:
– Set the command history buffer size
– Recall commands
– Disable the command history feature
• terminal history size or the history size {0-256} :
change the number of command lines the
system records during a terminal session
(default is 10)

Summary

• Purpose and operation of IOS

• IOS naming convention
• CLI: use EXEC and privileged EXEC mode
• CLI help and editing command
• Show version
CCNA2 – Module2