Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
M/85
United Nations
New York, 2002
NOTE
The designations employed and the presentation of material in the present publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat
of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or
of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
The term country as used in the text of this publication also refers, as appropriate,
to territories or areas.
The designations more developed, less developed and least developed as applied to countries, areas or regions are intended for statistical convenience and do not
necessarily express a judgement about the stage reached by a particular country or area in
the development process.
Symbols of United Nations documents are composed of capital letters combined with
figures.
ST/ESA/STAT/SER.M/85
CONTENTS
Page
ENGLISH
Glossary of terms for the standardization of geographical names
Introduction ........................................................................................
Glossary ..............................................................................................
3
5
FRENCH
Glossaire de termes pour la normalisation des noms gographiques
Introduction ........................................................................................
Glossary ..............................................................................................
Index ...................................................................................................
31
33
67
SPANISH
Glosario de trminos para la normalizacin de los nombres geogrficos
Introduction ........................................................................................
Glossary ..............................................................................................
Index ...................................................................................................
77
79
109
RUSSIAN
Introduction ........................................................................................
Glossary ..............................................................................................
Index ...................................................................................................
117
119
155
CHINESE
Introduction ........................................................................................
Glossary ..............................................................................................
Index ...................................................................................................
171
173
203
ARABIC
"! #$ %&'( ) *%+4:" "?>=<! :*
Introduction ........................................................................................
Glossary ..............................................................................................
Index ...................................................................................................
215
217
250
iii
Naftali Kadmon
Convenor, Working Group on Toponymic Terminology
INTRODUCTION
At a number of meetings of the Working Group, the
Glossary was further modified and then submitted, with the
inclusion of 375 terms, as version 4 to the Seventh United
Nations Conference on the Standardization of Geographical
Names, held in New York from 13 to 22 January 1998.7
A multilingual glossary cannot ignore certain differences in the usage of equivalent terms. Therefore, some
discrepancies will be found between the definitions of specific terms in the six languages. Examples, too, must vary
to a certain degree, but basic examples, and in particular
those in non-Roman scripts, have been retained in all
language versions of the Glossary. In some cases, the
definitions differ somewhat from those found in general
dictionaries, having been adapted specifically to toponymic
usage.
The Sixth United Nations Conference on Standardization of Geographical Names, held in New York from 25
August to 3 September 1992, recommended in its resolution
11 that the Working Group on Toponymic Terminology be
asked to continue to function, with the aim of producing
a multilingual dictionary of toponymic terminology to include the remaining five official languages of the United
Nations.6 In the same resolution, it also recommended that
the Working Group be asked to review the glossary periodically and update it as necessary.
____________
1
Document ST/CS/SER.F/330.
See the report of the United Nations Group of Experts on
Geographical Names on the work of its fourteenth session (ESA/RT/C/
GN/12), paras. 23 and 94.
3
Ibid., para. 94.
4
Working Group on Toponymic Terminology: report for the period
1989-1991, submitted as working paper, No. 2, to the United Nations
Group of Experts on Geographical Names at its fifteenth session.
5
See the report of the United Nations Group of Experts on
Geographical Names on the work of its fifteenth session (GEGN/15),
paras. 33-36.
6
See Sixth United Nations Conference on the Standardization of
Geographical Names, New York, 25 August3 September 1992, vol. I,
Report of the Conference (United Nations publication, Sales No.
E.93.I.23 and Corr.1), chap. III.
2
____________
7
Definition
001
acronym
Word formed from the initial letter or letters of each of the successive
or major parts of a composite term. Examples: Soweto (South West
Townships); radar; UNGEGN.
002
address
003
allograph
004
allomorph
005
allonym
006
allonym, standardized
007
allophone
008
alphabet
009
alphabetic
Relating to an alphabet.
010
alphabet, conversion
011
alphabet, transcription
Term
Definition
012
alphabet, transliteration
013
alphabetic script
014
alphabetic sequence
015
016
alphanumeric
017
anthroponym
018
article
019
articulation
020
batch processing
Method by which items are coded and collected into groups and then
processed sequentially in a computer, usually at a later time.
Complementary term: interactive processing.
021
bilingualism
022
biscriptual
023
character
024
character, modified
025
character, simplified
026
character, variant
Term
Definition
027
character, vowel
028
choronym
029
class, feature
030
coded representation
031
colloquial language
032
composite name
033
compound name
034
computer file
035
computer program
036
computer record
037
consonant
038
consonant letter
039
consonant script
040
conventional name
041
conversion
042
conversion alphabet
043
conversion table
044
coordinates, geographical
Term
Definition
045
coordinates, rectangular
046
coordinates, topographic
047
creole
A stable form of speech, derived from a pidgin, that has become the
sole or principal language of a speech community. Example:
Haitian creole (derived from French).
048
cultural feature
049
data
050
051
052
053
data dictionary
054
data directory
055
data element
056
data field
057
058
data item
059
data portability
060
default value
Term
Definition
061
062
descriptive term
063
designation
064
diacritic
065
diacritical mark,
diacritical sign
See diacritic.
066
dialect
067
dictionary, geographical
068
069
070
diglossia
071
diglossic
Referring to diglossia.
072
digraph
073
diphthong
074
donor language
Term
Definition
075
donor script
076
endonym
077
endonym, standardized
078
entity, topographic
079
eponym
080
epotoponym
081
exonym
082
extraterrestrial feature
083
extraterrestrial name
084
085
feature class
086
feature name
See toponym.
087
feature, cultural
088
feature, extraterrestrial
089
feature, geographical
090
feature, hydrographic
10
Term
Definition
091
feature, man-made
092
feature, natural
093
feature, physical
094
feature, topographic
095
feature, undersea
A portion of that part of Earth that lies beneath the surface of an ocean
or a sea and that has recognizable identity. Examples: Dogger Bank,
Mariana Trench.
096
field, data
097
file format
098
file, computer
099
firmware
100
font
format
102
format, computer
103
format, file
104
full title
105
gazetteer
106
gazetteer, index
11
Term
Definition
107
gazetteer, multilingual
108
gazetteer, multiscriptual
109
110
generic element
111
Generic element that does not indicate the feature class of the item
named. Examples: Mount Isa, Ayn as-Suln, Redhill and Rio de
Janeiro are all populated places, not a mountain, spring, hill or river,
respectively.
112
generic term
113
geographical dictionary
114
geographical entity
115
geographical feature
116
geographical name
117
geographical names
standardization
118
geographic information
system (GIS)
119
GIS
120
glossary
121
grammar
The field of study dealing with the formal features of a language and
the rules that govern their combination, reference and interpretation.
12
Term
Definition
122
grapheme
123
graphic form
124
graticule
125
grid, topographic
126
guidelines, toponymic
127
hardware
128
historical name
129
hodonym
See odonym.
130
homonym
131
hydrographic feature
132
hydronym
133
hyphenization, also
hyphenation
134
ideogram
(a) Graphic symbol that symbolizes a thing or an idea but not necessarily
a particular word for it. Used by some writers for logogram.
(b) In Egyptian hieroglyphs, a determinative indicating the meaning
of (clustered) phonograms.
135
ideographic script
136
index, names
137
138
index, toponymic
13
Term
Definition
139
indigenous language
140
indigenous name
141
interactive processing
142
interface
143
International Phonetic
Alphabet, IPA
144
international standardization
145
language
146
language, colloquial
147
language, donor
148
language, indigenous
149
language, literary
150
language, minority
151
language, national
152
language, non-official
or unofficial
153
language, official
14
Term
Definition
154
language, principal
155
language, receiver
156
language, source
157
language, standard
158
language, target
159
language, vehicular
160
letter
161
letter, basic
162
letter, consonant
163
letter, vowel
164
lettering, map
165
lettering, multilingual
166
lettering, multiscriptual
167
letters, cardinal
168
letters, special
15
Term
Definition
169
lexicon
170
lexicon, logographic
171
ligature
172
lingua franca
173
linguistic area
174
linguistic community
175
linguistic region
176
linguistics
177
literary language
178
local name
179
logogram
180
logographic
181
logographic lexicon
182
logographic script
183
184
lunar name
16
Term
Definition
185
man-made feature
186
map lettering
187
map, multilingual
188
map, multiscriptual
189
map script
190
191
192
map, thematic
Any geographical map devoted to a special subject and not showing only
the surface configuration of Earth. Examples: geological map, historical
map, airways chart. Complementary term: topographic map.
193
map, topographic
194
maritime name
195
marker
196
marker, vowel
197
menu, computer
198
minority language
199
minority name
200
modified character
201
morpheme
202
morphological
Relating to morphology.
17
Term
Definition
203
morphology
The branch of grammar that studies the structure and form of words
in a language.
204
mother tongue
205
multilingual gazetteer
206
multilingual map
207
multiscriptual gazetteer
208
multiscriptual map
209
name
210
name, alternative
See allonym.
211
name, approved
212
name, composite
213
name, compound
214
name, conventional
See exonym.
215
name, extraterrestrial
216
name, geographical
217
name, historical
218
name, indigenous
219
name, local
220
name, lunar
221
name, maritime
18
Term
Definition
222
name, minority
223
name, official
224
name, place
225
name, primary
226
name, proper
227
name, simplex
228
name, standardized
229
name, topographic
See toponym.
230
name, traditional
231
name, variant
See allonym.
232
names authority
233
names conversion
See conversion.
234
names index
235
names survey
236
names transformation
237
national language
238
national standardization,
geographical names
239
natural feature
19
Term
Definition
240
noise, graphic
241
non-official language
242
non-vocalized
243
non-vowelled
See non-vocalized.
244
normalization
See standardization.
245
noun, common
246
noun, proper
247
odonym
248
official language
249
onomastics
(a) The science that has as its object the study of names.
(b) The activity or process of giving names.
250
oronym
251
orthography
252
phone
253
phoneme
254
phonemic
Relating to phonemes.
255
phonetic, phonetical
Relating to phonetics.
20
Term
Definition
256
phonetics
257
phonogram
258
phonological
Relating to phonology.
259
phonology
260
physical feature
261
pictogram
262
pidgin
263
pixel
264
place name
265
266
portability, data
267
principal language
268
program, computer
269
proper name
270
proper noun
271
radical, radix
21
Term
Definition
272
raster mode
273
receiver language
274
receiver script
275
record, computer
276
rectangular coordinates
277
retranscription
278
retransliteration
279
reversibility
280
romanization
281
romanization key
282
root
283
script
284
script, alphabetic
22
Term
Definition
285
script, consonant
286
script, defective
alphabetic
287
script, donor
288
script, ideographic
289
script, logographic
290
script, map
291
script, original
292
script, receiver
293
script, source
294
script, syllabic
295
script, target
296
segment
297
semantics
298
sequence rules
299
300
short title
23
Term
Definition
301
sign, diacritical
See diacritic.
302
simplex name
303
simplified character
304
software
305
source language
306
source script
307
specific element
308
speech
309
speech community
310
standard language
311
standardization
312
standardization, geographical
names
313
standardization, international,
geographical names
314
standardization, national,
geographical names
315
standardized allonym
316
standardized name
317
standardized toponym
24
Term
Definition
318
survey, names
319
survey, toponymic
320
syllabary
321
322
323
syllabic script
324
syllabification
325
syllable
326
syllabogram
327
synonym
Each of two or more words that have approximately the same meaning.
328
syntax
The part of linguistics that deals with the mutual relations between,
and correct arrangement of, words in a sentence.
329
target language
330
target script
331
tetragraph
332
thematic map
333
topographic category
334
topographic feature
335
topographic map
336
topographic name
See toponym.
25
Term
Definition
337
topography
338
toponomastics
339
toponym
340
toponym, standardized
341
toponym, variant
See allonym.
342
toponymic guidelines
343
toponymic index
344
toponymy
(a) The science that has as its object the study of toponyms in
general and of geographical names in particular.
(b) The totality of toponyms in a given region.
345
traditional name
346
transcription
347
transcription alphabet
348
transcription key
349
transformation, names
26
Term
Definition
350
translation
351
352
transliteration
353
transliteration alphabet
354
transliteration key
355
trigraph
356
typeface
357
undersea feature
358
UNGEGN
359
unvocalized
See vocalization.
360
unvowelled
See vocalization.
361
UTM grid
27
Term
Definition
362
variant character
363
variant name
See allonym.
364
vector mode
365
vehicular language
366
vernacular
367
vocabulary
(a)
(b)
368
vocalization
369
vocalized
See vocalization.
370
vowel
371
vowel letter
372
vowel marker
373
vowel point
374
vowelled
See vocalization.
375
writing system
28
Glossaire de termes
pour la normalisation des noms gographiques
Rdig par
Naftali Kadmon
Coordinateur du Groupe de travail de la terminologie toponymique
INTRODUCTION
demander au Groupe de travail de revoir priodiquement le
glossaire et au besoin de lactualiser.
Un glossaire multilingue se doit de ne pas ignorer certaines diffrences caractrisant lusage de termes quivalents. On trouvera donc des disparits dans certaines dfinitions de tels ou tels termes dans les six langues. Les
exemples varient eux aussi dans une certaine mesure, mais
les exemples de base, notamment ceux des langues crites
en caractres non latins, ont t repris dans toutes les versions linguistiques du glossaire. Il arrive par ailleurs que les
dfinitions soient lgrement diffrentes de celles quon
trouve dans les dictionnaires gnraux, du fait quelles ont
t adaptes spcialement lusage toponymique. La prsente version du glossaire a t spcialement adapte
lusage franais de la toponymie.
La sixime Confrence des Nations Unies sur la normalisation des noms gographiques (New York, 25 aot au
3 septembre 1992) a recommand dans sa rsolution 11 de
maintenir en fonctions le Groupe de travail de terminologie
toponymique, en vue de produire un dictionnaire multilingue de terminologie toponymique dans les cinq autres langues officielles de lOrganisation des Nations Unies6, et de
____________
Que tous les membres du Groupe de travail de la terminologie toponymique trouvent ici lexpression de reconnaissance qui leur est due, en particulier lditeur et les
traducteurs, qui ont prodigu leur temps et leurs comptences. Mme Jennifer Javier, de la Division de statistique
(Dpartement des affaires conomiques et sociales) du Secrtariat de lONU, a aid prparer le glossaire pour la
publication. On espre que ce travail contribuera faire
normaliser les noms gographiques dans le monde entier,
favorisant la communication et la comprhension entre les
hommes.
Document ST/CS/SER.F/330.
Voir le rapport du Groupe dexperts des Nations Unies pour les
noms gographiques sur les travaux de sa quatorzime session (ESA/
RT/C/GN/12), par. 23 et 94.
3
Ibid., par. 94.
4
Groupe de travail de la terminologie toponymique : rapport sur les
travaux de la priode 1989-1991, prsent en tant que document de travail n 2 au Groupe dexperts des Nations Unies pour les noms gographiques sa quinzime session.
5
Voir le rapport du Groupe dexperts des Nations Unies pour les
noms gographiques sur les travaux de sa quinzime session (GEGN/15),
par. 33 36.
6
Voir Sixime Confrence des Nations Unies sur la normalisation
des noms gographiques, New York, 25 aot-3 septembre 1992, vol. I,
Rapport de la Confrence (publication des Nations Unies, numro de
vente : F.93.I.23 et Corr.1), chap. III.
2
____________
7
Voir Glossary of toponymic terminology, version 4 : document prsent par le Groupe dexperts des Nations Unies sur la normalisation
des noms gographiques, Groupe de travail de la terminologie toponymique; et Septime Confrence des Nations Unies sur la normalisation
des noms gographiques, New York, 13-22 janvier 1998, vol. I, Rapport
de la Confrence (publication des Nations Unies, numro de vente :
F.98.I.18), par. 158 161.
31
GLOSSAIRE DE TERMES
POUR LA NORMALISATION DES NOMS GOGRAPHIQUES
NOTES :
Terme anglais
Terme franais
Dfinition
001
acronym
acronyme
002
address
adresse
003
allograph
allographe
004
allomorph
allomorphe
005
allonym
allonyme
006
allonym,
standardized
allonyme normalis
33
Terme anglais
Terme franais
Dfinition
007
allophone
allophone
008
alphabet
alphabet
009
alphabetic
alphabtique
010
alphabet,
conversion
alphabet de conversion
011
alphabet,
transcription
alphabet de transcription
012
alphabet,
transliteration
alphabet de translittration
013
alphabetic script
014
alphabetic
sequence
ordre alphabtique
015
alphabetic
sequence rules
rgles de classement
alphabtique
016
alphanumeric
alphanumrique
017
anthroponym
anthroponyme
018
article
article
34
Terme anglais
Terme franais
Dfinition
019
articulation
articulation
020
batch processing
021
bilingualism
bilinguisme
022
biscriptual
biscriptural
023
character
caractre
024
character,
modified
caractre modifi
025
character,
simplified
caractre simplifi
026
027
character, vowel
caractre vocalique
028
choronym
choronyme
029
class, feature
classe dentits
35
Terme anglais
Terme franais
reprsentation code
Dfinition
030
coded
representation
031
colloquial
language
032
composite name
033
compound name
034
computer file
035
computer
program
036
computer record
037
consonant
consonne
038
consonant letter
lettre-consonne
039
consonant script
040
conventional
name
041
conversion
042
conversion
alphabet
043
conversion
table
conversion
tableau de conversion
36
Terme anglais
Terme franais
Dfinition
044
coordinates,
geographical
045
coordinates,
rectangular
coordonnes rectangulaires
046
coordinates,
topographic
047
creole
048
cultural feature
049
data
donne
050
051
052
data base
management
system
053
data dictionary
rpertoire de donnes
crole
37
Terme anglais
Terme franais
Dfinition
054
data directory
055
data element
lment de donnes
056
data field
champ de donnes
057
058
data item
lment dinformation
059
data portability
060
default value
valeur implicite
061
defective
alphabetic script
062
descriptive
term
063
designation
064
diacritic
dsignation
cartographique
signe diacritique
38
Terme anglais
Terme franais
Dfinition
065
diacritical mark,
diacritical sign
066
dialect
dialecte
067
dictionary,
geographical
dictionnaire gographique
068
069
digital toponymic
data base
070
diglossia
diglossie
071
diglossic
diglossique
072
digraph
digramme
073
diphthong
diphtongue
074
donor language
075
donor script
39
Terme anglais
Terme franais
Dfinition
076
endonym
endonyme
077
endonym,
standardized
endonyme normalis
078
entity,
topographic
079
eponym
ponyme, ethnonyme
080
epotoponym
potoponyme
081
exonym
exonyme
082
extraterrestrial
feature
083
extraterrestrial
name
084
false generic
element
085
feature class
086
feature name
40
Terme anglais
Terme franais
Dfinition
087
feature, cultural
088
feature,
extraterrestrial
accident topographique
extraterrestre
089
feature,
geographical
accident gographique
090
feature,
hydrographic
lment hydrographique
091
feature,
man-made
entit topographique
artificielle
092
feature, natural
entit topographique
naturelle
093
feature, physical
entit physique
094
feature,
topographic
entit topographique
095
feature,
undersea
accident gographique
sous-marin
096
field, data
097
file format
098
file, computer
fichier informatique
099
firmware
microprogramme
41
Terme anglais
Terme franais
Dfinition
100
font
fonte
101
format
format
102
format, computer
103
format, file
104
full title
105
gazetteer
rpertoire toponymique,
Liste de toponymes ordonns suivant un ordre donn
nomenclature toponymique (alphabtique ou autre), accompagns de leur localisation
et (de prfrence) des variantes, du type d entit
topographique et dautres renseignements
sur les caractristiques.
106
gazetteer, index
index toponymique
107
gazetteer,
multilingual
rpertoire toponymique
multilingue
108
gazetteer,
multiscriptual
rpertoire toponymique
multiscriptural
109
gazetteer,
place names
rpertoire toponymique
110
generic element
lment gnrique,
gnrique
42
Terme anglais
Terme franais
Dfinition
111
generic element,
false
faux gnrique
112
generic term
terme gnrique
113
geographical
dictionary
114
geographical
entity
115
geographical
feature
116
geographical
name
117
geographical
names
118
geographic
information
system (GIS)
119
GIS
120
glossary
glossaire
121
grammar
grammaire
122
grapheme
graphme
Systme dinformation
gographique (SIG)
43
Terme anglais
Terme franais
forme graphique
Dfinition
123
graphic form
124
graticule
125
grid, topographic
126
guidelines,
toponymic
directives toponymiques
127
hardware
matriel
128
historical name
129
hodonym
130
homonym
131
hydrographic
feature
132
hydronym
hydronyme
133
hyphenization,
also
hyphenation
134
ideogram
idogramme
homonyme
44
Terme anglais
Terme franais
Dfinition
135
ideographic script
136
index, names
137
index, place
names
138
index,
toponymic
139
indigenous
language
140
indigenous name
141
interactive
processing
mode conversationnel,
mode interactif
142
interface
interface
143
International
Phonetic
Alphabet, IPA
Alphabet phontique
international (API)
144
international
standardization
145
language
langue
146
language,
colloquial
langue courante
147
language, donor
148
language,
indigenous
index toponymique
45
Terme anglais
Terme franais
Dfinition
149
language,
literary
langue littraire
150
language,
minority
langue minoritaire
151
language,
national
langue nationale
152
language,
non-official or
unofficial
153
language,
official
langue officielle
154
language,
principal
langue principale
155
language,
receiver
156
language, source
langue de dpart
46
Terme anglais
Terme franais
Dfinition
157
language,
standard
langue commune
Forme crite, forme parle (ou les deux) dune langue donne,
dclare forme correcte de rfrence par un organe officiel
ou dautorit largement reconnue, ou, dfaut, gnralement
accepte comme correcte dans une communaut linguistique.
Exemples : pour lallemand, le Hochdeutsch, pour le nerlandais,
le Algemeen Beschaafd Nederlands.
158
language, target
langue darrive
159
language,
vehicular
langue vhiculaire
160
letter
lettre
161
letter, basic
lettre simple
162
letter, consonant
lettre-consonne
163
letter, vowel
lettre-voyelle
164
lettering, map
critures cartographiques
165
lettering,
multilingual
criture cartographique
multilingue
Ecriture cartographique
figurant sur une carte multilingue.
166
lettering,
multiscriptual
criture cartographique
multiscripturale
Ecriture cartographique
figurant sur une carte multiscripturale.
47
Terme anglais
Terme franais
Dfinition
167
letters, cardinal
lettres cardinales
168
letters, special
lettres spciales
169
lexicon
dictionnaire
170
lexicon,
logographic
dictionnaire
Liste ordonne des caractres dune criture
didogrammes,
idographique; lquivalent dun alphabet
dictionnaire logographique pour une criture alphabtique et dun syllabaire
pour une criture syllabique.
171
ligature
ligature
172
lingua franca
173
linguistic area
174
linguistic
community
communaut linguistique
175
linguistic region
aire linguistique
176
linguistics
linguistique
177
literary language
178
local name
48
Terme anglais
Terme franais
Dfinition
179
logogram
logogramme
180
logographic
logographique
181
logographic
lexicon
182
logographic
script
183
long form
(of a name)
184
lunar name
185
man-made
feature
186
map lettering
187
188
map,
multiscriptual
carte multiscripturale
189
map script
critures cartographiques
190
map script,
multilingual
critures cartographiques
multilingues
Ecritures cartographiques
figurant sur une carte multilingue.
191
map script,
multiscriptual
critures cartographiques
multiscripturales
Ecritures cartographiques
figurant sur une carte multiscripturale.
forme longue
49
Terme anglais
Terme franais
carte thmatique
Dfinition
192
map, thematic
193
194
maritime name
195
marker
marqueur phonique
196
marker, vowel
marqueur vocalique
197
menu, computer
menu informatique
198
minority
language
199
minority name
200
modified
character
201
morpheme
morphme
202
morphological
morphologique
Concernant la morphologie.
203
morphology
morphologie
204
mother tongue
langue maternelle
205
multilingual
gazetteer
50
Terme anglais
Terme franais
Dfinition
206
multilingual map
207
mutliscriptual
gazetteer
208
multiscriptual
map
209
name
210
name, alternative
Voir allonyme, 5.
211
name, approved
212
name, composite
213
name, compound
214
name,
conventional
215
name,
extraterrestrial
nom extraterrestre
216
name,
geographical
nom gographique
217
name, historical
nom historique
218
219
name, local
expression toponymique
nom local
51
Terme anglais
Terme franais
Dfinition
220
name, lunar
nom lunaire
221
name, maritime
nom maritime
222
name, minority
nom minoritaire
223
name, official
nom officiel
224
name, place
225
name, primary
226
name, proper
227
name, simplex
toponyme simple
228
name,
standardized
toponyme normalis
229
name,
topographic
230
name, traditional
231
name, variant
nom traditionnel
52
Terme anglais
Terme franais
autorit toponymique
Dfinition
232
names authority
233
names conversion
234
names index
235
names survey
236
names
transformation
237
national language
238
national
standardization,
geographical
names
239
natural feature
240
noise, graphic
241
non-official
language
242
non-vocalized
243
non-vowelled
244
normalization
245
noun, common
nom commun
246
noun, proper
nom propre
247
odonym
odonyme
brouillage graphique
non vocalis
53
Terme anglais
Terme franais
Dfinition
248
official language
249
onomastics
onomastique
250
oronym
oronyme
251
orthography
orthographe
252
phone
phone
253
phoneme
phonme
254
phonemic
phonologique
255
phonetic,
phonetical
phontique (adj.)
256
phonetics
phontique (subst.)
257
phonogram
phonogramme
258
phonological
phonologique
259
phonology
phonologie
54
Terme anglais
Terme franais
Dfinition
260
physical feature
261
pictogram
pictogramme
262
pidgin
pidgin
263
pixel
pixel
264
place name
265
266
portability, data
267
principal
language
268
program,
computer
269
proper name
270
proper noun
programme informatique
55
Terme anglais
Terme franais
Dfinition
271
radical, radix
radical
272
raster mode
273
receiver language
274
receiver script
275
276
rectangular
coordinates
277
retranscription
retranscription
278
retransliteration
retranslittration
279
reversibility
rversibilit
280
romanization
romanisation
56
Terme anglais
Terme franais
Dfinition
281
282
root
racine
283
script
criture
284
285
script, consonant
286
script, defective
alphabetic
287
script, donor
criture alphabtique
dfective
57
Terme anglais
Terme franais
Dfinition
288
script,
ideographic
289
script,
logographic
290
script, map
291
script, original
292
script, receiver
293
script, source
criture de dpart
294
script, syllabic
criture syllabique
295
script, target
criture darrive
296
segment
segment
297
semantics
smantique
298
sequence rules
rgles de classement
criture idographique,
criture logographique
58
Terme anglais
Terme franais
forme courte
(dun nom)
Dfinition
299
short form
(of a name)
300
short title
301
sign, diacritical
302
simplex name
303
simplified
character
304
software
305
source language
306
source script
307
specific element
lment spcifique
308
speech
parole
309
speech
community
310
standard
language
311
standardization
normalisation
312
standardization,
geographical
names
normalisation
des noms gographiques
logiciel
59
Terme anglais
Terme franais
Dfinition
313
standardization,
international,
geographical
names
normalisation internationale Activit qui vise une uniformisation optimale des formes orales
des noms gographiques
ou crites de la majorit des noms gographiques terrestres
et, dans un sens large, des toponymes extraterrestres :
soit : 1) par la normalisation nationale;
soit 2) par convention internationale, fixant galement
les quivalents dans les diverses langues et systmes dcriture.
314
standardization,
national,
geographical
names
normalisation nationale
des noms gographiques
315
standardized
allonym
316
standardized
name
317
standardized
toponym
318
survey, names
319
survey,
toponymic
activit
toponymique
320
syllabary
syllabaire
321
syllabic
(as a noun)
caractre syllabique
322
syllabic
syllabique
(as an adjective)
323
syllabic script
324
syllabification
syllabation
325
syllable
syllabe
60
Terme anglais
Terme franais
Dfinition
326
syllabogram
caractre syllabique
327
synonym
synonyme
328
syntax
syntaxe
329
target language
330
target script
331
tetragraph
332
thematic map
333
topographic
category
334
topographic
feature
335
topographic map
336
topographic name
337
topography
topographie
338
toponomastics
toponymie
339
toponym
toponyme
340
toponym,
standardized
ttragramme
61
Terme anglais
Terme franais
Dfinition
341
toponym, variant
Voir allonym, 5.
342
toponymic
guidelines
343
toponymic index
344
toponymy
345
traditional name
346
transcription
347
transcription
alphabet
348
transcription key
349
transformation,
names
transposition toponymique
toponymie
transcription
62
Terme anglais
Terme franais
traduction
Dfinition
350
translation
351
translingual data
interchange
352
transliteration
353
transliteration
alphabet
354
transliteration
key
355
trigraph
trigramme
translittration
63
Terme anglais
Terme franais
police de caractres
Dfinition
356
typeface
357
undersea feature
358
UNGEGN
359
unvocalized
360
unvowelled
361
UTM grid
362
variant character
363
variant name
Voir allonym, 5.
364
vector mode
365
vehicular
language
366
vernacular
langue vernaculaire
367
vocabulary
vocabulaire
368
vocalization
vocalisation
quadrillage
mode vectoriel
64
Terme anglais
Terme franais
Dfinition
369
vocalized
370
vowel
371
vowel letter
372
vowel marker
373
vowel point
374
vowelled
375
writing system
voyelle
systme dcriture
65
INDEX
(franais-anglais)
A
accident gographique
feature, geographical
089
feature, undersea
095
accident hydrographique
090
accident topographique
089
feature, extraterrestrial
088
acronyme
acronym
001
activit toponymique
survey, toponomic
319
adresse
address
002
aire linguistique
linguistic region
175
allographe
allograph
003
allomorphe
allomorph
004
allonyme
allonym
005
allonyme normalis
allonym, standardized
006
allophone
allophone
007
alphabet
alphabet
008
alphabet de conversion
alphabet, conversion
010
alphabet de transcription
alphabet, transcription
011
alphabet de translittration
alphabet, transliteration
012
alphabtique
alphabetic
009
143
alphanumrique
alphanumeric
016
annotations
164
anthroponyme
anthroponym
017
article
article
018
articulation
articulation
019
091
autorit toponymique
names authority
232
B
base de donnes numriques
050
051
bilinguisme
bilingualism
021
biscriptural
biscriptual
022
brouillage graphique
noise, graphic
240
67
C
caractre
character
023
caractre modifi
character, modified
024
caractre simplifi
character, simplified
025
caractre syllabique
syllabogram
326
caractre vocalique
character, vowel
027
carte multilingue
map, multilingual
187
carte multiscripturale
map, multiscriptual
188
carte thmatique
map, thematic
192
carte topographique
map, topographic
193
champ de donnes
data field
056
choronyme
choronym
028
classe dentits
class, feature
029
communaut linguistique
linguistic community;
speech community
174
309
consonne
consonant
037
conversion
conversion
041
coordonnes gographiques
coordinates, geographical
041
coordonnes rectangulaires
coordinates, rectangular
045
crole
creole
047
D
dfective
286
dialecte
dialect
066
dictionnaire
lexicon
169
dictionnaire didogrammes
lexicon, logographic
170
dictionnaire gographique
dictionary, geographical
067
dictionnaire logographique
lexicon, logographic
170
diglossie
diglossia
070
diglossique
diglossic
071
digramme
digraph
072
diphtongue
diphthong
073
directives toponymiques
guidelines, toponymic
126
donne
data
049
E
change de donnes translinguistiques
057
criture
script
283
criture alphabtique
script, alphabetic
284
286
critures cartographiques
lettering, map
map script
164
189
68
190
191
criture darrive
script, target
295
criture de dpart
script, source
293
289
criture syllabique
script, syllabic
294
lment de donnes
data element
055
lment dinformation
data item
058
lment gnrique
generic element
110
lment hydrographique
feature, hydrographic
090
lment spcifique
specific element
307
endonyme
endonym
076
endonyme normalis
endonym, standardized
077
enregistrement
record, computer
275
entit gographique
088
entit naturelle
092
entit physique
feature, physical
093
entit topographique
feature, topographic
094
feature, man-made
091
088
feature, natural
092
ponyme
eponym
079
potoponyme
epotoponym
080
ethnonyme
Voir ponyme
079
exonyme
081
expression toponymique
name, composite
212
F
faux gnrique
111
fichier informatique
file, computer
098
fonte
font
100
format
format;
format, file
101
103
format informatique
102
forme courte
short form
299
forme longue
long form
183
G
gnrique
112
GENUNG
UNGEGN
358
glossaire
glossary
120
grammaire
grammar
121
graphme
grapheme
122
69
H
homonyme
homonym
130
hydronyme
hydronym
131
I
idogramme
ideogram
134
index toponymique
gazetteer, index
index, toponymic
106
138
interface
interface
142
L
langue
language
145
langue cible
language, target
158
langue commune
language, standard
157
langue courante
language, colloquial
146
langue darrive
language, target
158
langue de dpart
language, source
156
langue littraire
language, literary
149
langue maternelle
mother tongue
204
langue minoritaire
language, minority
150
langue nationale
language, national
151
152
langue officielle
language, official
153
langue principale
language, principal
154
langue source
language, source
156
langue vhiculaire
language, vehicular
159
langue vernaculaire
vernacular
language, indigenous
366
148
lettre
letter
160
lettre-consonne
letter, consonant
162
lettres cardinales
letters, cardinal
167
lettre simple
letter, basic
161
lettres spciales
letters, special
168
lettre-voyelle
letter, vowel
163
ligature
ligature
171
linguistique
linguistics
176
logiciel
software
304
logogramme
logogram
179
logographique
logographic
180
M
marqueur phonique
marker
195
marqueur vocalique
marker, vowel
196
matriel
hardware
127
70
matriciel
272
menu informatique
menu, computer
197
microprogramme
firmware
099
interactive processing
141
mode matriciel
raster mode
272
mode tram
raster mode
272
mode vectoriel
vector mode
364
morphme
morpheme
201
morphologie
morphology
203
morphologique
morphological
202
N
naturelle, entit topographique
092
nom commun
noun, common
245
nom de lieu
place name
264
nom descriptif
name, primary
225
nomenclature toponymique
gazeteer
105
nom extraterrestre
name, extraterrestrial
215
nom gographique
name, geographical
216
nom historique
name, historical
217
nom local
name, local
219
nom lunaire
name, lunar
220
nom maritime
name, maritime
221
nom minoritaire
name, minority
222
nom officiel
name, official
223
nom propre
noun, proper
270
nom rgional
name, indigenous
218
nom traditionnel
name, traditional
230
nom vernaculaire
name, indigenous
218
nomenclature toponymique
105
non vocalis
non-vocalized
242
normalisation
standardization
311
312
normalisation internationale
des noms gographiques
standardization, international,
geographical names
313
O
odonyme
odonym
247
onomastique
onomastics
249
ordre alphabtique
alphabetic sequence
014
oronyme
oronym
250
orthographe
orthography
251
71
P
parole
speech
308
phone
phone
252
phonme
phoneme
253
phontique (adj.)
phonetic, phonetical
255
phontique (subst.)
phonetics
256
phonogramme
phonogram
257
phonologie
phonology
259
phonologique
phonemic;
phonological
254
258
pictogramme
pictogram
261
pidgin
pidgin
262
pixel
pixel
263
point-voyelle
vowel point
373
police de caractres
font;
typeface
100
356
programme informatique
program, computer
268
Q
quadrillage
UTM grid
361
R
racine
root
282
radical
a) radical, radix
b) Voir racine
271
282
rgles de classement
sequence rules
298
rpertoire de donnes
data dictionary
053
rpertoire toponymique
gazetteer;
gazetteer, place names
105
109
gazetteer, multilingual
107
gazetteer, multiscriptual
108
reprsentation code
coded representation
030
retranscription
retranscription
277
retranslittration
retransliteration
278
rversibilit
reversibility
279
romanisation
romanization
280
S
segment
segment
296
smantique
semantics
297
SIG
118
signe diacritique
diacritic
064
spcifique
specific element
307
syllabaire
syllabary
320
72
syllabation
syllabification
324
syllabe
syllable
325
syllabique
syllabic (adj.)
322
synonyme
synonym
327
syntaxe
syntax
328
systme dcriture
writing system
375
052
118
T
table (ou tableau) de romanisation
romanization key
281
transcription key
348
transliteration key
354
tableau de conversion
conversion table
043
terme gnrique
generic term
112
ttragramme
tetragraph
331
tiret
133
topographie
topography
337
toponyme
toponym
339
toponyme normalis
name, standardized
228
toponyme simple
name, simplex
022
toponymie
toponomastics;
toponymy
338
344
traduction
translation
350
133
batch processing
020
trame de points
272
transcription
transcription
346
data portability
059
translittration
transliteration
352
transposition toponymique
transformation, names
349
trigramme
trigraph
355
V
valeur implicite
default value
060
character, variant
026
vocabulaire
vocabulary
367
vocalisation
vocalization
368
voyelle
vowel
370
73
Compilado por
Naftali Kadmon
Encargado de convocar el
Grupo de trabajo sobre terminologa toponmica
INTRODUCCIN
resolucin tambin recomend que se pidiera al Grupo de
trabajo que examinara el glosario peridicamente y que
efectuara las actualizaciones necesarias.
Se observaron diversos problemas que requeran atencin; entre ellos, la falta de exhaustividad, por un lado, y la
redundancia, por el otro. Adems, en el Glosario No. 330
no se proporcionaban ejemplos que describieran los conceptos definidos, y en las definiciones no se tenan en cuenta la escritura en caracteres que no fueran de origen romnico ni los idiomas no europeos. Por consiguiente, el Grupo
de Expertos en Nombres Geogrficos estableci el Grupo
de trabajo sobre terminologa toponmica y nombr al profesor Naftali Kadmon (Israel) encargado de convocar al
Grupo3 y compilador del Glosario.
La primera versin del nuevo glosario contena 336 trminos y sus definiciones, en ingls, con inclusin de ejemplos de 16 idiomas y escrituras. Posteriormente, los miembros del Grupo de trabajo agregaron numerosas enmiendas
y adiciones.
La Sexta Conferencia de las Naciones Unidas sobre la
Normalizacin de los Nombres Geogrficos, que tuvo lugar
en Nueva York del 25 de agosto al 3 de septiembre de
1992, recomend en su resolucin 11 que se pidiera al Grupo de trabajo sobre terminologa toponmica que prosiguiera su labor, con miras a preparar un diccionario multilinge
de terminologa toponmica que incluyera los restantes cinco idiomas oficiales de las Naciones Unidas6. En la misma
____________
Documento ST/CS/SER.F/330.
Vase el informe del Grupo de Expertos de las Naciones Unidas en
Nombres Geogrficos sobre la labor realizada en su 14 perodo de
sesiones (ESA/RT/C/GN/12), prrs. 23 y 94.
3
Ibd., prr. 94.
4
Grupo de trabajo sobre terminologa toponmica: informe correspondiente al perodo 1989-1991, presentado como documento de
trabajo No. 2 al Grupo de Expertos de las Naciones Unidas en Nombres
Geogrficos, en su 15 perodo de sesiones.
5
Vase el informe del Grupo de Expertos de las Naciones Unidas en
Nombres Geogrficos sobre la labor realizada en su 15 perodo de
sesiones (GEGN/15), prrs. 33 a 36.
6
Vase Sexta Conferencia de las Naciones Unidas sobre la
Normalizacin de los Nombres Geogrficos, Nueva York, 25 de agosto a
3 de septiembre de 1992, vol. I, Informe de la Conferencia (publicacin
de las Naciones Unidas, No. de venta: S.93.I.23 y Corr.1), cap. III.
2
____________
7
77
Trmino ingls
Trmino espaol
Definicin
001
acronym
acrnimo
002
address
direccin
003
allograph
algrafo
004
allomorph
alomorfo
005
allonym
alnimo
006
allonym,
standardized
alnimo normalizado
007
allophone
alfono
008
alphabet
alfabeto
009
alphabetic
alfabtico
79
Trmino ingls
Trmino espaol
Definicin
010
alphabet,
conversion
alfabeto de conversin
011
alphabet,
transcription
alfabeto de transcripcin
012
alphabet,
transliteration
alfabeto de transliteracin
013
alphabetic script
escritura alfabtica
Vase 284.
014
alphabetic
sequence
orden alfabtico
015
alphabetic
sequence rules
reglas de ordenacin
alfabtica
016
alphanumeric
alfanumrico
017
anthroponym
antropnimo
018
article
artculo
019
articulation
articulacin
020
batch processing
proceso en grupo
021
bilingualism
bilingismo
022
biscriptual
bilinge
80
Trmino ingls
Trmino espaol
Definicin
023
character
carcter
024
character,
modified
carcter modificado
025
character,
simplified
carcter simplificado
026
027
character, vowel
carcter vocal
028
choronym
cornimo
029
class, feature
clase de accidente
030
coded
representation
representacin codificada
031
colloquial,
language
lengua familiar
Vase 146.
032
composite name
nombre compuesto
Vase 212.
033
compound name
nombre compuesto
Vase 212.
034
computer file
fichero o archivo de
ordenador
Vase 098.
035
computer
program
programa de ordenador
Vase 268.
036
computer record
registro de ordenador
Vase 275.
81
Trmino ingls
Trmino espaol
Definicin
037
consonant
consonante
038
consonant letter
letra consonante
Vase 162.
039
consonant script
escritura alfabtica
defectiva
Vase 286.
040
conventional
name
exnimo
Vase 081.
041
conversion
conversin
042
conversion
alphabet
alfabeto de conversin
Vase 010.
043
conversion table
tabla de conversin
044
coordinates,
geographical
coordenadas geogrficas
045
coordinates,
rectangular
coordenadas rectangulares
046
coordinates,
topographic
coordenadas rectangulares
Vase 045.
047
creole
criollo
048
cultural feature
accidente artificial
Vase 091.
82
Trmino ingls
Trmino espaol
Definicin
049
data
datos
050
051
052
053
data dictionary
diccionario de datos
054
data directory
diccionario de datos
Vase 053.
055
data element
elemento de dato
056
data field
campo de datos
057
058
data item
tem
059
data portability
compatibilidad de datos
060
default value
061
defective
escritura alfabtica
alphabetic script defectiva
Vase 286.
83
Trmino ingls
Trmino espaol
Definicin
062
descriptive term
trmino descriptivo
063
designation
trmino descriptivo
Vase 062.
064
diacritic
diacrtico
065
diacritical mark,
diacritical sign
diacrtico
Vase 064.
066
dialect
dialecto
067
dictionary,
geographical
diccionario geogrfico
068
Vase 050.
069
Vase 051.
070
diglossia
diglosia
071
diglossic
diglsico
Referente a diglosia.
84
Trmino ingls
Trmino espaol
Definicin
072
digraph
dgrafo
073
diphtong
diptongo
074
donor language
lengua de origen
Vase 156.
075
donor script
escritura de origen
Vase 293.
076
endonym
endnimo
077
endonym,
standardized
endnimo normalizado
078
entity,
topographic
accidente topogrfico
Vase 094.
079
eponym
epnimo
080
epotoponym
epotopnimo
081
exonym
exnimo
082
extraterrestrial
feature
accidente topogrfico
extraterrestre
Vase 088.
85
Trmino ingls
Trmino espaol
Definicin
083
extraterrestrial
name
084
false generic
element
Vase 111.
085
feature class
clase de accidente
Vase 029.
086
feature name
topnimo
Vase 339.
087
feature, cultural
accidente topogrfico
artificial
Vase 091.
088
feature,
extraterrestrial
accidente topogrfico
extraterrestre
089
feature,
geographical
accidente geogrfico
090
feature,
hydrographic
accidente hidrogrfico
091
feature,
man-made
accidente topogrfico
artificial
092
feature, natural
accidente topogrfico
natural
093
feature, physical
094
feature,
topographic
accidente topogrfico
095
096
field, data
campo de datos
Vase 056.
097
file, format
formato de archivo
Vase 103.
098
file, computer
fichero o archivo de
ordenador
86
Trmino ingls
Trmino espaol
Definicin
099
firmware
100
font
tipo de letra
101
format
formato
102
Vase 103.
103
format, file
formato de archivo
104
full title
forma larga
Vase 183.
105
gazetteer
nomencltor
106
gazetteer, index
ndice toponmico
107
gazetteer,
multilingual
nomencltor multilinge
108
gazetteer,
multiscriptual
nomencltor polglota
109
gazetter, place
names
110
generic element
elemento genrico
111
generic element,
false
87
Trmino ingls
Trmino espaol
Definicin
112
generic term
trmino genrico
113
geographical
dictionary
diccionario geogrfico
Vase 067.
114
geographical
entity
accidente geogrfico
Vase 115.
115
geographical
feature
accidente geogrfico
Vase 089.
116
geographical
name
nombre geogrfico
Vase 216.
117
geographical
names
standardization
normalizacin de nombres
geogrficos
Vase 312.
118
geographic
information
system (GIS)
sistema de informacin
geogrfica (SIG)
119
GIS
sistema de informacin
geogrfica (SIG)
Vase 118.
120
glossary
glosario
121
grammar
gramtica
122
grapheme
grafema
123
graphic form
grafa
124
graticule
coordenadas geogrficas
125
88
Trmino ingls
Trmino espaol
Definicin
126
guidelines,
toponymic
directrices toponmicas
127
hardware
128
historical name
nombre histrico
Vase 217.
129
hodonym
odnimo
Vase 247.
130
homonym
homnimo
131
hydrographic
feature
accidente hidrogrfico
Vase 090.
132
hydronym
hidrnimo
133
hyphenization,
also
hyphenation
134
ideogram
ideograma
135
Vase 288.
136
index, names
ndice de topnimos
Vase 138.
137
index, place
names
138
139
indigenous
language
Vase 148.
140
lengua nativa
Vase 218.
89
Trmino ingls
Trmino espaol
Definicin
141
interactive
processing
proceso interactivo
142
interface
interfaz
143
International
Phonetic
Alphabet, IPA
alfabeto fontico
internacional API
144
international
standardization
145
language
lengua
146
language,
colloquial
lengua familiar
147
language, donor
lengua de origen
Vase 156.
148
language,
indigenous
lengua nativa
149
150
language,
minority
lengua minoritaria
151
language,
national
lengua nacional
152
language,
non-official
lengua no oficial
90
Trmino ingls
Trmino espaol
Definicin
153
154
language,
principal
lengua principal
155
language,
receiver
lengua de trmino
Vase 158.
156
language, source
lengua de origen
157
language,
standard
158
language, target
lengua de trmino
159
language,
vehicular
lengua vehicular
160
letter
letra
161
letter, basic
letra bsica
162
letter, consonant
letra consonante
163
letter, vowel
letra vocal
91
Trmino ingls
Trmino espaol
Definicin
164
lettering, map
rotulacin de mapa
165
lettering,
multilingual
rotulacin multilinge
166
lettering,
multiscriptual
rotulacin polglota
167
letters, cardinal
letras cardinales
168
letters, special
letras especiales
169
lexicon
lxico
170
lexicon,
logographic
lxico ideogrfico
171
ligature
ligado
172
lingua franca
lengua franca
173
linguistic area
regin lingstica
Vase 175.
174
linguistic
community
comunidad lingstica
175
linguistic region
regin lingstica
92
Trmino ingls
Trmino espaol
Definicin
176
linguistics
lingstica
177
literary language
lengua literaria
Vase 149.
178
local name
Vase 219.
179
logogram
ideograma
Vase 134.
180
logographic
ideogrfico
181
logographic
lexicon
lxico ideogrfico
Vase 170.
182
logographic
script
escritura ideogrfica
Vase 289.
183
long form
(of a name)
forma larga
(de un nombre propio
de lugar)
184
lunar name
Vase 220.
185
man-made
feature
accidente artificial
Vase 091.
186
map lettering
rotulacin de mapa
Vase 164.
187
188
map,
multiscriptual
mapa polglota
189
map script
rtulos de mapa
190
map script,
multilingual
rtulos de mapa
multilinge
191
map script,
multiscriptual
93
Trmino ingls
Trmino espaol
mapa temtico
Definicin
192
map, thematic
193
194
maritime name
Vase 221.
195
marker
signo auxiliar
196
marker, vowel
197
menu, computer
men de ordenador
198
minority
language
lengua minoritaria
Vase 150.
199
minority name
Vase 222.
200
modified
character
carcter modificado
Vase 024.
201
morpheme
morfema
202
morphological
morfolgico
Relativo a la morfologa.
203
morphology
morfologa
204
mother tongue
lengua materna
205
multilingual
gazetteer
nomencltor multilinge
Vase 107.
94
Trmino ingls
Trmino espaol
Definicin
206
Vase 187.
207
multiscriptual
gazetteer
nomencltor polglota
Vase 108.
208
multiscriptural
map
mapa polglota
Vase 188.
209
name
nombre propio
210
211
name, approved
212
name, composite
213
Vase 212.
214
name,
conventional
exnimo
Vase 081.
215
name,
extraterrestrial
216
name,
geographical
217
name, historical
218
219
name, local
220
name, lunar
221
name, maritime
Vase 005.
95
Trmino ingls
Trmino espaol
Definicin
222
name, minority
223
name, official
224
name, place
1. Vase topnimo.
2. Sinnimo usado por algunos escritores como nombre
propio de un lugar habitado.
225
name, primary
226
name, proper
nombre propio
Vase 246.
227
name, simplex
228
name,
standardized
nombre propio normalizado Nombre propio sancionado por una autoridad en nombres
geogrficos como el preferido entre los alnimos de un
accidente determinado. Sin embargo, un accidente dado puede
tener ms de un nombre normalizado. Ejemplo: Kaapstad y Cape
Town (pero no Capetown).
229
name,
topographic
topnimo
Vase 339.
230
name, traditional
231
name, variant
alnimo
Vase 005.
232
names authority
autoridad en nombres
geogrficos
233
Vase 041.
234
names index
ndice de topnimos
Vase 138.
235
names survey
levantamiento toponmico
Vase 319.
96
Trmino ingls
Trmino espaol
Definicin
236
names
transformation
transformacin de nombres
237
Vase 151.
238
national
normalizacin nacional de
standardization, nombres geogrficos
geographical
names
Vase 314.
239
natural feature
accidente natural
Vase 092.
240
noise, graphic
ruido grfico
241
non-official
language
lengua no oficial
Vase 152.
242
non-vocalized
no vocalizada
243
non-vowelled
no vocalizada
Vase 242.
244
normalization
normalizacin
Vase 311.
245
noun, common
nombre comn
246
noun, proper
nombre propio
247
odonym
odnimo
(camino de peregrinos).
248
official language
lengua oficial
Vase 153.
249
onomastics
onomstica
250
oronym
ornimo
251
orthography
ortografa
Vase 349.
97
Trmino ingls
Trmino espaol
Definicin
252
phone
fonio
253
phoneme
fonema
254
phonemic
fonemtico
255
phonetic,
phonetical
fontico
Relativo a la fontica.
256
phonetics
fontica
257
phonogram
fonograma
258
phonological
fonolgico
Relativo a la fonologa.
259
phonology
fonologa
260
physical feature
accidente fsico
Vase 093.
261
pictogram
pictograma
Signo grfico que representa un objeto por semejanza grficovisual para comunicar su significado o el sonido de su nombre.
Vase tambin fonograma.
262
pidgin
pidgin
98
Trmino ingls
Trmino espaol
Definicin
263
pixel
pixel
264
place name
265
Vase 137.
266
portability, data
compatibilidad de datos
Vase 059.
267
principal
language
lengua principal
Vase 154.
268
program,
computer
programa de ordenador
269
proper name
nombre propio
Vase 246.
270
proper noun
nombre propio
Vase 246.
271
radical, radix
radical
272
raster mode
modo barrido
273
Vase 158.
274
receiver script
Vase 295.
275
276
rectangular
coordinates
coordenadas rectangulares
Vase 045.
277
retranscription
retranscripcin
278
retransliteration
retransliteracin
escritura de trmino
99
Trmino ingls
Trmino espaol
Definicin
279
reversibility
reversibilidad
280
romanization
romanizacin
281
282
root
raz
283
script
escritura
284
285
script, consonant
Vase 286.
286
script, defective
alphabetic
escritura alfabtica
defectiva
escritura alfabtica
defectiva
287
script, donor
escritura de origen
Vase 293.
288
script,
ideographic
escritura ideogrfica
Vase 289.
100
Trmino ingls
Trmino espaol
Definicin
289
script,
logographic
escritura ideogrfica
290
script, map
rtulos de mapa
Vase 189.
291
script, original
escritura de origen
Vase 293.
292
script, receiver
escritura de trmino
Vase 295.
293
script, source
escritura de origen
294
script, syllabic
escritura silbica
295
script, target
escritura de trmino
296
segment
segmento
297
semantics
semntica
298
sequence rules
reglas de ordenacin
299
short form
(of a name)
300
short title
Vase 299.
301
sign, diacritical
diacrtico
Vase 064.
302
simplex name
Vase 227.
101
Trmino ingls
Trmino espaol
Definicin
303
simplified
character
carcter simplificado
Vase 025.
304
software
software (conjunto de
programas)
305
source language
lengua de origen
Vase 156.
306
source script
escritura de origen
Vase 293.
307
specific element
elemento especfico
308
speech
habla
309
speech
community
comunidad de hablantes o
de habla
310
standard
language
lengua normalizada
Vase 157.
311
standardization
normalizacin
1. Establecimiento, por una autoridad competente, de un conjunto especfico de normas para una actividad determinada,
como, por ejemplo, para dar uniformidad a los topnimos.
2. Adaptar un elemento, por ejemplo un topnimo, a dichas
normas.
3. En ingls, normalization se usa a veces en lugar de
standardization.
312
standardization,
geographical
names
normalizacin de nombres
geogrficos
313
standardization,
international
geographical
names
314
standardization,
national,
geographical
names
normalizacin nacional de
nombres geogrficos
102
Trmino ingls
Trmino espaol
Definicin
315
standardized
allonym
alnimo normalizado
Vase 006.
316
standardized
name
317
standardized
toponym
318
survey, names
levantamiento toponmico
Vase 319.
319
survey,
toponymic
levantamiento toponmico
320
syllabary
silabario
321
syllabic
(as a noun)
silabograma
Vase 326.
322
Syllabic
(as an adjetive)
silbico
323
syllabic script
escritura silbica
Vase 294.
324
syllabification
silabacin
325
syllable
slaba
326
syllabogram
silabograma
327
synonym
sinnimo
328
syntax
sintaxis
329
target language
lengua de trmino
Vase 158.
330
target script
escritura de trmino
Vase 295.
103
Trmino ingls
Trmino espaol
Definicin
331
tetragraph
tetrgrafo
332
thematic map
mapa temtico
Vase 192.
333
topographic
category
clase de accidente
Vase 029.
334
topographic
feature
accidente topogrfico
Vase 094.
335
topographic map
mapa topogrfico
Vase 193.
336
Vase 339.
337
topography
topografa
338
toponomastics
toponominacin
339
toponym
topnimo
340
toponym,
standardized
topnimo normalizado
Vase 228.
341
Vase 005.
342
toponymic
guidelines
directrices toponmicas
Vase 126.
343
toponimic index
Vase 138.
344
toponymy
toponimia
345
traditional name
Vase 230.
104
Trmino ingls
Trmino espaol
Definicin
346
transcription
transcripcin
347
transcription
alphabet
alfabeto de transcripcin
Vase 011.
348
transcription key
clave de transcripcin
349
transformation,
names
transformacin de nombres
propios
350
translation
traduccin
351
translingual data
interchange
intercambio de datos
translingual
Vase 057.
105
Trmino ingls
Trmino espaol
Definicin
352
transliteration
transliteracin
353
transliteration
alphabet
alfabeto de transliteracin
Vase 012.
354
transliteration
key
clave de transliteracin
355
trigraph
trgrafo
356
typeface
clase de letra
357
undersea feature
accidente submarino
Vase 095.
358
UNGEGN
UNGEGN
359
unvocalized
no vocalizada
360
unvowelled
no vocalizada
361
UTM grid
cuadrcula UTM
362
variant character
carcter optativo
Vase 026.
106
Trmino ingls
Trmino espaol
Definicin
363
variant name
alnimo
Vase 005.
364
vector mode
modo vectorial
365
vehicular
language
lengua vehicular
Vase 159.
366
vernacular
vernculo
367
vocabulary
vocabulario
368
vocalization
vocalizacin
369
vocalized
vocalizada
370
vowel
vocal
371
vowel letter
letra vocal
Vase 163.
372
vowel marker
Vase 196.
373
vowel point
Vase 196.
374
vowelled
vocalizada
375
writing system
sistema de escritura
107
NDICE
(espaol-ingls)
A
accidente artificial
cultural feature
man-made feature
048
185
accidente fsico
physical feature
260
accidente geogrfico
feature, geographical
geographical entity
089
114
accidente hidrogrfico
feature, hydrographic
090
accidente natural
natural feature
239
accidente submarino
feature, undersea
095
accidente topogrfico
feature, topographic
entity, topographic
feature, cultural
feature, man-made
094
078
087
091
feature, extraterrestrial
088
feature, physical
093
feature, natural
092
acrnimo
acronym
001
alfabtico
alphabetic
009
alfabeto
alphabet
008
alfabeto de conversin
alphabet, conversion
010
alfabeto de transcripcin
alphabet, transcription
011
alfabeto de transliteracin
alphabet, transliteration
012
143
alfanumrico
alphanumeric
016
alfono
allophone
007
algrafo
allograph
003
alomorfo
allomorph
004
alnimo
allonym
name, alternative
name, variant
toponym, variant
005
210
231
341
alnimo normalizado
allonym, standardized
006
antropnimo
anthroponym
017
articulacin
articulation
019
artculo
article
018
names authority
232
109
B
base de datos digital
050
051
bilinge
biscriptual
022
bilingismo
bilingualism
021
C
campo de datos
data field
056
carcter
character
023
carcter modificado
character, modified
024
carcter optativo
character, variant
026
carcter simplificado
character, simplified
025
carcter vocal
character, vowel
027
clase de accidente
class, feature
topographic category
029
333
clase de letra
typeface
356
clave de romanizacin
romanization key
281
clave de transcripcin
transcription key
348
clave de transliteracin
transliteration key
352
compatibilidad de datos
data portability
059
speech community
309
comunidad lingstica
linguistic community
174
consonante
consonant
037
conversin
conversion
041
names conversion
233
coordenadas geogrficas
coordinates, geographical
graticule
044
124
coordenadas rectangulares
coordinates, rectangular
grid, topographic
coordinates, topographic
045
125
046
cornimo
choronym
028
criollo
creole
047
cuadrcula UTM
UTM grid
361
D
datos
data
049
diacrtico
065
064
dialecto
dialect
066
diccionario de datos
data directory
data dictionary
054
053
diccionario geogrfico
dictionary, geographical
067
diglosia
diglossia
070
diglsico
diglossic
071
110
dgrafo
digraph
072
diptongo
diphtong
073
direccin
address
002
directrices toponmicas
guidelines, toponymic
126
E
elemento de dato
data element
055
elemento especfico
specific element
307
elemento genrico
generic element
110
111
endnimo
endonym
076
endnimo normalizado
endonym, standardized
077
epnimo
eponym
079
epotopnimo
epotoponym
080
escritura
script
283
escritura alfabtica
script, alphabetic
284
286
285
escritura de origen
script, source
donor script
script, original
293
075
291
escritura de trmino
script, receiver
script, target
292
295
escritura ideogrfica
script, logographic
script, ideographic
289
288
escritura silbica
script, syllabic
294
exnimo
exonym
name, conventional
081
214
F
fichero o archivo de ordenador
file, computer
098
fonema
phoneme
253
fonemtico
phonemic
254
fontica
phonetics
256
fontico
phonetic, phonetical
255
fonio
phone
252
fonograma
phonogram
257
fonologa
phonology
259
fonolgico
phonological
258
299
300
forma larga
full title
104
183
formato
format
101
111
formato de archivo
format, file
format, computer
103
102
G
glosario
glossary
120
grafema
grapheme
122
grafa
graphic form
123
gramtica
grammar
121
H
habla
speech
308
hardware
127
hidrnimo
hydronym
132
homnimo
homonym
130
I
ideogrfico
logographic
180
ideograma
logogram
ideogram
179
134
137
343
ndice de topnimos
index, toponymic
index, names
138
136
ndice toponmico
gazetteer, index
106
057
interfaz
interface
142
tem
data item
058
L
lengua
language
145
language, standard
157
lengua de origen
language, source
language, donor
156
147
lengua de trmino
language, target
language, receiver
158
155
lengua familiar
language, colloquial
146
lengua franca
lingua franca
pidgin
172
262
lengua literaria
language, literary
149
lengua materna
mother tongue
204
lengua minoritaria
language, minority
150
lengua nacional
language, national
151
lengua nativa
language, indigenous
148
lengua no oficial
language, non-official
152
lengua normalizada
standard language
310
112
lengua oficial
language, official
153
lengua principal
language, principal
154
lengua vehicular
language, vehicular
159
letra
letter
160
letra bsica
letter, basic
161
letra consonante
letter, consonant
162
letra vocal
letter, vowel
163
letras cardinales
letters, cardinal
167
letras especiales
letters, special
168
levantamiento toponmico
survey, toponymic
survey, names
319
318
lxico
lexicon
169
lxico ideogrfico
lexicon, logographic
170
ligado
ligature
171
lingstica
linguistics
176
M
mapa multilinge
map, multilingual
187
mapa polglota
map, multiscriptual
188
mapa temtico
map, thematic
192
mapa topogrfico
map, topographic
193
men de ordenador
menu, computer
197
modo barrido
raster mode
272
modo vectorial
vector mode
364
morfema
morpheme
201
morfologa
morphology
203
morfolgico
morphological
208
non-vocalized
non-vowelled
unvocalized
unvowelled
242
243
359
360
nombre compuesto
compound name
composite name
033
032
nombre comn
noun, common
245
nombre geogrfico
geographical name
116
nombre histrico
historical name
128
nombre nativo
indigenous name
140
nombre propio
noun, proper
name, proper
name
246
226
209
name, composite
name, compound
212
213
N
no vocalizada
113
name, place
place name
name, extraterrestrial
224
264
215
name, geographical
216
name, historical
217
name, local
219
name, lunar
220
name, maritime
221
name, minority
222
name, indigenous
218
name, standardized
name, approved
standardized toponym
228
211
317
name, official
223
name, primary
225
name, simplex
227
name, traditional
230
nomencltor
gazetteer
105
nomencltor de poblaciones
109
nomencltor multilinge
gazetteer, multilingual
107
nomencltor polglota
gazetteer, multiscriptual
108
normalizacin
standardization
normalization
311
244
312
normalizacin internacional
de nombres geogrficos
international standardization
standardization, international geographical
names
144
313
314
hodonym
odonym
129
247
onomstica
onomastics
249
orden alfabtico
alphabetic sequence
014
ornimo
oronym
250
ortografa
orthography
251
P
pictograma
pictogram
261
pxel
pixel
263
proceso en grupo
batch processing
020
proceso interactivo
interactive processing
141
programa de ordenador
program, computer
268
firmware
099
O
odnimo
114
R
radical
raz
radical, radix
root
271
282
regin lingstica
linguistic region
linguistic area
175
173
registro de ordenador
record computer
275
reglas de ordenacin
sequence rules
298
015
representacin codificada
coded representation
030
retranscripcin
retranscription
277
retransliteracin
retransliteration
278
reversibilidad
reversibility
279
romanizacin
romanization
280
rotulacin de mapa
lettering, map
164
rotulacin multilinge
lettering, multilingual
165
rotulacin polglota
lettering, multiscriptual
166
rtulos de mapa
map script
189
190
191
ruido grfico
noise, graphic
240
S
segmento
segment
296
semntica
semantics
297
signo auxiliar
marker
195
marker, vowel
vowel point
196
373
slaba
syllable
325
silabacin
syllabification
324
silabario
syllabary
320
silbico
322
silabograma
321
326
sinnimo
synonym
327
sintaxis
syntax
328
sistema de escritura
writing system
375
052
GIS
geographic information system (GIS)
119
118
software
304
T
tabla de conversin
conversion table
043
115
trmino descriptivo
descriptive term
designation
062
063
trmino genrico
generic term
112
tetrgrafo
tetragraph
331
tipo de letra
font
100
topografa
topography
337
toponimia
toponymy
344
topnimo
toponym
name, topographic
feature name
339
229
086
topnimo normalizado
toponym, standardized
340
toponominacin
toponomastics
338
traduccin
translation
350
transcripcin
transcription
346
transformacin de nombres
names transformation
236
transformation, names
349
transliteracin
transliteration
352
trgrafo
trigraph
355
U
UNGEGN
UNGEGN
358
133
V
valor por defecto
default value
060
vernculo
vernacular
366
vocabulario
vocabulary
367
vocal
vowel
370
vocalizacin
vocalization
368
vocalizada
vocalized
vowelled
369
374
116
() 330: ,
1,
, 17 26
1989 2. ,
1987 175 .
.
, ,
375 ,
, - 13
22 1998 7.
, ,
,
, .
, 330 ,
,
.
. ()3,
.
.
.
, ,
,
.
, .
4
, 11 19 1991
5. 336
, 16 .
.
,
: - - ,
- ;
- ; - ; - ; - . . , . . , . . - . . .
11 , - 25 3 1992 ,
,
6.
,
,
, .
-
. , ,
.
____________
1
ST/CS/SER.F/330.
.
(ESA/RT/C/GN/12), 23 94.
3
, 94.
4
:
19891991 , 2
.
5
.
(GEGN/15), 3336.
6
. Sixth United Nations Conference on the Standardization of
Geographical Names, New York, 25 August 3 September 1992, vol. I,
Report of the Conference. (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.93.I.23
and Corr. 1), chapter III.
2
____________
7
. ,
: ,
,
(E/CONF.91/L.13); Seventh United
Nations Conference on the Standardization of Geographical Names, New
York, 1322 January 1998, vol. I, Report to the Conference (United Nations
publication, Sales No. .98.I.18), paras. 158161.
119
/ /.
[ ].
.
001
acronym
,
.
: ( ); (
); (
); ( ); Soweto (South West
Townships).
002
address
003
allograph
.
: ff, ph gh ,
/f/; ,
, //.
004
allomorph
.
: -s cats -es boxes -
- ;
-,-,-
, , .
005
allonym
;
;
.
: Hull, Kingston upon Hull; Vesterhavet, Nordsee;
Swansea, Abertawe; Johannesburg, Egoli; ,
; -, ; , ;
, , .
006
allonym,
standardized
,
.
: Biel Bienne; Casablanca Dr al-Bayd; Kaapstad
Cape Town; Matterhorn Monte Cervino.
121
007
allophone
,
.
: /t/ Tyne
water; /r/ rio
Madrid; // .
008
alphabet
,
.
009
alphabetic
010
alphabet,
conversion
, .
.
011
alphabet,
transcription
,
.
: z, ,
/ts/ ; k,
, /k/
.
012
alphabet,
transliteration
,
.
: ,
,
C, E, O, P, V X,
: ( .).
013
alphabetic script
014
alphabetic
sequence
a) ,
.
b) ,
.
015
alphabetic
sequence rules
016
alphanumeric
, ,
, .
,
.
017
anthroponym
.
: ; ; .
122
018
article
,
,
, .
: the; el, los,
las; le, la, les; al; ha;
ul; , .
019
articulation
,
.
020
batch processing
, ,
,
.
: .
021
bilingualism
022
biscriptual
. .
;
.
023
character
,
;
.
(),
:
(),
().
024
character,
modified
025
character,
simplified
, ,
.
: ()
,
.
026
character,
variant
,
/
[ ,
],
,
.
: ; = = = .
027
character,
vowel
, ,
, .
: , (),
(), (, ).
123
028
choronym
, ,
.
029
class, feature
.
: , . ., .
030
coded
representation
;
.
.
: 0226 ;
031
colloquial
language
032
composite
name
033
compound name
034
computer
file
035
computer
program
036
computer
record
037
consonant
,
.
: //, //, //, // . .
: .
038
consonant letter
039
consonant script
040
conventional
name
. exonym (081). .
041
conversion
/ ,
- .
, .
042
conversion
alphabet
124
043
conversion
table
.
. .
044
coordinates,
geographical
a) (),
0 90 ,
(), 0 180
,
( )
(, ).
b) .
045
coordinates,
rectangular
a) , ,
,
, .
. UTM.
b) .
046
coordinates,
topographic
047
creole
,
.
: ( ).
048
cultural feature
049
data
() , ,
.
: ,
.
050
,
/ ,
.
: .
051
data base,
digital
toponymic
,
( ).
052
data base
management
system
,
.
125
053
data dictionary
,
, , , .
054
data directory
055
data element
,
.
:
.
056
data field
,
.
:
.
057
data interchange, ,
translingual
( ) /
.
058
data item
.
: 01.01.99 .
059
data
portability
/
.
060
default value
,
, .
061
defective
alphabetic
script
062
descriptive
term
( , ),
, .
: ; ; ;
, ( ).
063
designation
064
diacritic
, , , / /
, ,
.
: , , ; ; h ; ;
; o () ou
(). . .
126
065
diacritical mark,
diacritical sign
. diacritic (064).
066
dialect
,
, .
. . .
067
dictionary,
geographical
/ ,
, ,
.
068
digital
data base
069
digital
toponymic
data base
070
diglossia
,
: ()
; () .
: ()
(); -
- ();
.
co ,
.
071
diglossic
(070).
072
digraph
,
.
: / / sj , ch , sh
.
, ll ,
ch , .
. .
073
diphthong
( )
.
: [a]: ei bei, i
time.
074
donor language
127
075
donor script
076
endonym
, , .
: ( ); ( --);
( ); - ( ).
077
endonym,
standardized
,
.
: --,
.
078
entity,
topographic
079
eponym
,
.
: ; ;
Mount Everest.
ethnonym.
080
epotoponym
, .
: Olympia ( ); Jerez ( );
al-Burtughl ( Burtugl,
- ).
081
exonym
,
,
, -.
: Warsaw Warszawa;
Londres London;
Mailand Milano;
Moscow, Moskau
. Moskva
, Pinyin Beijing,
.
.
, .
082
extraterrestrial
feature
083
extraterrestrial
name
084
false generic
element
128
085
feature class
086
feature name
. toponym (339).
087
feature, cultural
088
feature,
extraterrestrial
, ,
.
: .
089
feature,
geographical
090
feature,
hydrographic
, , .
: ; , .
091
feature,
man-made
,
.
: ; ; .
: , .
092
feature,
natural
, .
: ( ); ( ).
: , .
093
feature,
physical
,
.
: ; ; ,
.
094
feature,
topographic
,
.
095
feature,
undersea
,
.
: , .
096
field, data
097
file format
098
file,
computer
,
.
129
099
firmware
, , , ,
.
100
font
, .
: 10-point bold Times New Roman;
format
. . .
102
format,
computer
103
format, file
[, , - . .]. .
104
full title
105
gazetteer
,
.
106
gazetteer, index
-
()
, , .
:
.
107
gazetteer,
multilingual
,
, ,
.
: Athens (Athna); Moscou (Moskva).
108
gazetteer,
multiscriptual
,
.
: Aa, Athna; , Nazareth; ,
Vladivostok.
109
gazetteer,
place names
,
.
110
generic element
;
-
, .
: Port-au-Prince; Sierra Nevada, Newport.
.
. , .
: .
130
111
generic element,
false
,
.
: Mount Isa, Redhill Rio de Janeiro
, , , .
112
generic term
, , .
: mountain, sierra, san, shan, dagh, jabal, har, river.
;
. . . ,
.
113
geographical
dictionary
114
geographical
entity
115
geographical
feature
116
geographical
name
117
geographical
names standardization
118
geographic
information
system (GIS)
()
, ,
,
.
119
GIS
120
glossary
,
,
.
: , .
121
grammar
, , , .
122
grapheme
.
: j , //
// .
131
123
graphic form
(),
, , .
.
124
graticule
125
grid,
topographic
126
guidelines,
toponymic
127
hardware
(
) , , , , ,
, ,
. .
: .
128
historical name
129
hodonym
. odonym (247).
130
homonym
, .
: Monac (Principaut de) Monaco (di Baviera),
Mnchen.
131
hydrographic
feature
132
hydronym
, .
133
hyphenization,
also
hyphenation
a)
;
, .
: Hhr-Grenzhausen; Tel-Aviv; Pointe-Sapin-Centre.
b)
.
: --.
134
ideogram
a) , , . .
b)
, .
132
135
ideographic
script
136
index, names
137
index,
place names
()
138
index,
toponymic
,
.
139
indigenous
language
140
indigenous
name
141
interactive
processing
, /
,
/ .
.
: .
142
interface
,
. ,
.
143
International
Phonetic
Alphabet, IPA
.
: [] ng sing;
[ ] sh; [a] a art, [] any;
[ ] u Suisse.
144
international
standardization
145
language
, ,
.
146
language,
colloquial
, ,
. . ; .
147
language,
donor
133
148
language,
indigenous
, .
149
language,
literary
,
.
. . .
150
language,
minority
,
,
.
.
: ;
; .
151
language,
national
,
.
.
: .
152
language,
non-official
or unofficial
, , ,
.
: ;
.
153
language,
official
,
.
: ;
- ();
.
154
language,
principal
,
,
: , -
(); , .
155
language,
receiver
156
language,
source
,
, -.
: -.
134
157
language,
standard
,
()
/ ,
, , .
: .
158
language,
target
, -.
:
-.
159
language,
vehicular
,
.
: -
.
160
letter
,
.
161
letter, basic
.
: l ;
D .
162
letter,
consonant
, .
: b, d; , ; ;
, ; , .
163
letter, vowel
, .
: a, e, i, o, u; , , , , , , ;
, , , , ; ; ; , .
164
lettering, map
a) . , .
b) [] .
165
lettering,
multilingual
, .
166
lettering,
multiscriptual
, ,
.
167
letters,
cardinal
, ,
.
: , , ,
K, Q, X;
() .
: , .
135
168
letters,
special
, ,
,
,
.
: ; , , ;
. : , .
169
lexicon
a)
.
b) ,
.
170
lexicon,
logographic
;
.
171
ligature
, ,
.
: ( + ); kh
/x/ ch ach.
172
lingua
franca
,
.
: ,
. . .
173
linguistic
area
174
linguistic
community
,
.
175
linguistic
region
,
.
: .
176
linguistics
, ,
, , ,
.
177
literary language
178
local name
179
logogram
; ;
, ,
.
zhong ();
:
san yama ().
136
180
logographic
;
;
181
logographic
lexicon
182
logographic
script
183
long form
(of a name)
()
( , ),
.
: ;
; .
: .
; ; .
184
lunar name
185
man-made
feature
186
map lettering
187
map,
multilingual
,
,
.
: Athens, Athna; Moscou, Moskva.
188
map,
multiscriptual
,
.
: Aa, Athens; , Nazareth; ,
Vladivostok.
189
map script
,
, ,
. . . .
190
map script,
multilingual
191
map script,
multiscriptual
137
192
map, thematic
,
.
: , ,
.
: .
193
map, topographic ,
, , ,
, ,
.
: , .
194
maritime name
195
marker
, , .
: shaddah ( ).
196
marker, vowel
,
.
: : , , (a, i, u);
: , , , , (a, e, i, o, u);
: , , (a, i, u).
197
menu, computer
,
- .
198
minority
language
199
minority
name
200
modified
character
201
morpheme
; .
: names
name s;
.
202
morphological
203
morphology
,
.
138
204
mother tongue
, .
205
multilingual
gazetteer
206
multilingual
map
207
multiscriptual
gazetteer
208
multiscriptual
map
209
name
210
name,
alternative
. allonym (005).
211
name,
approved
212
name,
composite
,
,
.
: Mount Cook; Newport; Newfoundland; Kemijoki;
--; Sierra Nevada Oriental; Stoke on Trent.
: .
213
name,
compound
214
name,
conventional
. exonym (081).
215
name,
extraterrestrial
, .
: Nix Olympica ( ).
216
name,
geographical
, ,
.
217
name,
historical
, () ()
.
: Eboracum ( , ); Mediolanum (
, ); New Amsterdam ( -, );
Edo ( , ).
139
218
name,
indigenous
.
: Culabah ( ); Empangeni (
).
219
name, local
,
, .
.
220
name, lunar
, ;
, .
: ; .
221
name, maritime
, .
: Estrecho de Magallanes; Bottenhavet/Selkmeri; English
Channel.
222
name, minority
223
name, official
, .
224
name, place
a) . toponym (339).
b)
.
225
name, primary
.
: Ar-Rub al-Khl ( ,
); Dasht-e Kavr ( , ).
226
name, proper
227
name, simplex
, ,
.
: , , , London. Al-Qhirah
() ,
al- ,
. . .
: , .
228
name,
standardized
()
,
.
.
: Kaapstad Cape Town ( Capetown).
229
name,
topographic
. toponym (339).
140
230
name,
traditional
,
.
: -;
;
.
231
name, variant
. allonym (005).
232
names
authority
) (, ), /
.
b) , .
233
names
conversion
. conversion (041).
234
names index
()
235
names survey
236
names
transformation
237
national
language
238
national
standardization,
geographical
names
239
natural feature
240
noise, graphic
,
.
: ;
; .
241
non-official
language
242
non-vocalized
,
.
243
non-vowelled
. non-vocalized (242).
141
244
normalization
. standardization (311).
245
noun, common
, - , .
: ; ; .
246
noun, proper
,
, .
: ; ; .
247
odonym
.
: Via Appia ( ); Airway Amber
( ); M4 (); (.); Darb al-Hajj
( ).
248
official language
249
onomastics
) ,
.
b) .
250
oronym
, .
: Matterhorn; Gaurankar; Fuji San; Sierra Madre;
.
251
orthography
252
phone
, .
, .
: /b/ [] saber
[b] Barcelona.
253
phoneme
, ,
.
: /b/; /p/; // ( sh).
, ,
, [b]
Barcelona [] saber /b/; [e], [],
[] [] //.
. .
254
phonemic
255
phonetic,
phonetical
256
phonetics
, .
.
142
257
phonogram
a) , ().
b) ,
,
.
: ,
,
~ () /p/,
.
258
phonological
259
phonology
,
.
260
physical feature
261
pictogram
,
- ,
. . .
262
pidgin
,
, ,
,
(), .
: Tok Pisin ()
; Bazaar Malay ; Petit Mauresque
( ); Fanagal
( , ). ,
,
.
263
pixel
picture element (
).
.
264
place name
265
place name
index
()
266
portability,
data
267
principal
language
143
268
program,
computer
, .
: , .
269
proper name
270
proper noun
271
radical, radix
) .
: 240 , ,
, ,
, . .
b) . root (282).
272
raster mode
:
, .
: c
.
: .
273
receiver
language
274
receiver
script
275
record,
computer
,
.
: ,
, , . .
276
rectangular
coordinates
277
retranscription
278
retransliteration
. . .
279
reversibility
,
,
.
144
280
romanization
.
: Ava Athna; Moca Moskva;
Bayrt; - Tel-Aviv; Nihon.
281
romanization
key
, ,
.
: ; ps
.
.
282
root
.
.
: ,
: n, z, l
nazala ( ) y, r, d yarad (
) .
283
script
; ;
, ,
.
.
: , , , ,
; , ;
.
284
script,
alphabetic
,
,
.
: , , , ,
,
,
.
.
285
script,
consonant
286
script, defective
alphabetic
, ,
, ,
;
,
/ .
: . .
.
145
287
script, donor
288
script,
ideographic
289
script,
logographic
, ; ,
, .
: ; .
290
script, map
291
script, original
292
script, receiver
293
script, source
,
, -.
294
script, syllabic
,
()
,
,
.
: ;
. , , .
295
script, target
,
. . .
:
.
296
segment
,
.
: ; ; .
297
semantics
, ,
.
298
sequence
rules
,
[, ]
,
. ,
, ,
,
, , , ,
; ll ,
, .
146
299
short form
(of a name)
()
, .
: ;
;
.
: .
300
short title
301
sign, diacritical
. diacritic (064).
302
simplex name
303
simplified
character
304
software
, ,
.
: .
305
source
language
306
source script
307
specific
element
,
. / .
: ; Port Elizabeth; Rio Negro.
308
speech
309
speech
community
()
,
.
310
standard
language
()
311
standardization
)
, .
b) .
312
standardization,
geographical
names
()
,
.
.
147
313
standardization,
international,
geographical
names
,
[
]
1) /
2) ,
.
314
standardization,
national,
geographical
names
, .
315
standardized
allonym
316
standardized
name
317
standardized
toponym
()
318
survey, names
319
survey,
toponymic
, c, .
320
syllabary
,
,
.
: , , ,
, , , a, ka, sa, ta, na, ha, ma, ;
Inuktitut , >, <, , e, d pi, pu, pa, ti, tu, ta . .
321
syllabic
(as a noun)
. syllabogram (326).
.
322
syllabic
(as an adjective)
323
syllabic script
324
syllabification
.
: ----; O-.
148
325
syllable
,
,
, ;
.
: -- ; -- .
326
syllabogram
,
.
327
synonym
, .
328
syntax
,
.
329
target language
330
target script
331
tetragraph
,
.
: tsch /t /
Tschad ;
shch .
332
thematic map
333
topographic
category
334
topographic
feature
335
topographic
map
336
topographic
name
. toponym (339).
337
topography
) , ,
, ,
.
b) .
338
toponomastics
, .
149
339
toponym
. ,
.
340
toponym,
standardized
()
341
toponym,
variant
. allonym (005).
342
toponymic
guidelines
343
toponymic
index
()
344
toponymy
) ;
b)
a) , .
b) .
345
traditional name
346
transcription
a) , -
-, .
b) .
: Ankara ;
- Shchukino;
- Djabaliya.
.
, , , . ,
: Agkara (); (); Arabic
().
,
,
; ,
.
. .
347
transcription
alphabet
150
348
transcription
key
- -.
: sh s; sch
sj; bei
. . .
349
transformation,
names
,
.
.
350
translation
) , -
-.
b) . .
: Mer Noire (.) (.); Lake
Como (.) Lago di Como (.); Mount Fuji (.)
Fuji San (.).
351
translingual data
interchange
352
transliteration
)
,
, ,
-
- , ,
.
, ,
( )
.
b) .
: [
] !al-Qhirah (Cairo); Vladivostok;
Hefa
(Haifa);
Adis Abeba (Addis
Ababa).
353
transliteration
alphabet
354
transliteration
key
-
. .
: po ( bo) ;
d; ,
.
355
trigraph
,
.
: / / sch.
151
356
typeface
.
: Times New Roman; Univers bold italic.
. .
357
undersea feature
358
UNGEGN
359
unvocalized
. vocalization (368).
360
unvowelled
. vocalization (368).
361
UTM grid
UTM
. C
, ,
.
60 6
; 1 60 .
362
variant character
363
variant name
. allonym (005).
364
vector mode
(, , )
( ).
.
365
vehicular
language
366
vernacular
()
,
.
367
vocabulary
a) .
b) . .
.
368
vocalization
, .
, ,
, .
: Al )= () )=
(); Carmel ( )
( ).
369
vocalized
. vocalization (368).
152
370
vowel
,
, ,
.
.
: //, /e/, //, /o/, //. :
.
371
vowel letter
372
vowel marker
373
vowel point
374
vowelled
. vocalization (368).
375
writing system
,
,
, ,
,
.
.
153
(-)
acronym
001
address
002
alphabet
008
acronym
001
allograph
003
allomorph
004
allonym
005
allonym, standardized
006
allophone
007
alphabet
008
alphabet, conversion
010
conversion alphabet
alphabet, conversion
042
010
alphabet, transcription
011
alphabet, transliteration
012
alphabetic script
013
alphanumeric
016
alphabetic
009
alphabetic sequence
014
allonym
006
anthroponym
017
noun, common
245
hardware
127
article
018
articulation
019
050
051
bilingualism
021
letter
160
155
vowel letter
letter, vowel
371
163
consonant letter
letter, consonant
038
162
letter, basic
161
letters, cardinal
167
letters, special
168
character, variant
variant character
026
362
name, variant
variant name
allonym
231
363
005
toponym, variant
341
vector mode
364
extraterrestrial feature
082
vocalization
368
vocalized
vowelled
369
374
gazetteer
105
109
gazetteer, multiscriptual
multiscriptual gazetteer
108
207
gazetteer, multilingual
107
- ()
gazetteer, index
106
()
118
117
geographical entity
geographical feature
114
115
geographical dictionary
113
geographical name
116
hydrographic feature
131
hydronym
132
GIS
119
156
letter, vowel
163
vowel
370
glossary
120
grammar
121
grapheme
122
graphic form
123
allomorph
003
358
UNGEGN
358
data
049
biscriptual
022
bilingualism
021
syllabification
324
hyphenization, hyphenation
133
diacritic
064
diacritic
diacritical mark, diacritical sign
064
065
dialect
066
diglossia
070
diglossic
071
digraph
072
data directory
054
diphthong
073
data item
058
record, computer
275
phone
252
character
023
character, vowel
027
marker, vowel
vowel point
196
373
sign, diacritical
301
157
character, modified
024
character, simplified
025
default value
060
ideogram
logogram
134
179
logographic
180
logographic lexicon
181
ideographic script
logographic script
135
182
ideogram
logogram
134
179
logographic
180
logographic lexicon
181
logographic script
182
noun, common
245
name, proper
noun, proper
226
246
()
137
265
()
names index
234
index, names
136
index, toponymic
138
specific element
307
interactive processing
141
interface
142
man-made feature
185
historical name
128
source script
306
source language
305
map, multiscriptual
multiscriptual map
188
208
map, multilingual
187
map, thematic
192
map, topographic
193
map lettering
186
158
class, feature
feature class
029
085
romanization key
281
coded representation
030
computer record
036
computer program
035
computer file
034
conversion
041
consonant
037
consonant script
039
coordinates, geographical
044
coordinates, rectangular
045
coordinates, topographic
046
radical, radix
root
271
282
()
299
short title
300
creole
047
cultural feature
048
lexicon
169
ligature
171
linguistics
176
linguistic region
175
linguistic area
173
linguistic community
174
literary language
177
logogram
179
logographic
180
logographic lexicon
181
logographic script
182
084
lunar name
184
marker
195
vowel marker
372
159
international standardization
144
143
351
menu, computer
197
indigenous name
local name
140
178
()
vernacular
366
indigenous language
139
multilingual map
206
multilingual gazetteer
205
modified character
200
maritime name
194
morpheme
201
morphological
202
morphology
203
IPA
143
lettering, multiscriptual
166
191
190
lettering, multilingual
165
map script
189
lettering, map
script, map
164
290
name
209
extraterrestrial name
name, extraterrestrial
083
215
feature name
086
name, place
224
minority name
name, minority
199
222
place name
264
name, alternative
210
name, geographical
216
name, historical
217
160
name, lunar
220
name, indigenous
name, local
218
219
name, maritime
221
name, approved
211
name, official
223
name, primary
225
name, simplex
227
name, composite
name, compound
212
213
,
()
name, standardized
228
name, topographic
229
name, conventional
name, traditional
214
230
script
283
receiver script
274
238
national language
237
non-vocalized
non-vowelled
unvocalized
unvowelled
242
243
359
360
061
non-official language
241
normalization
standardization
244
311
057
designation
063
reversibility
279
lingua franca
172
feature, extraterrestrial
088
feature, geographical
089
feature, hydrographic
090
feature, man-made
091
feature, cultural
087
feature, undersea
095
161
feature, natural
092
entity, topographic
feature, topographic
078
094
, -
feature, physical
093
hodonym
odonym
129
247
homonym
130
onomastics
249
oronym
250
orthography
251
principal language
267
names authority
232
official language
248
batch processing
020
translation
350
conversion
041
names conversion
names transformation
transformation, names
233
236
349
pidgin
262
pixel
263
pictogram
261
script
283
script
283
script, alphabetic
284
, ,
286
script, ideographic
288
script, logographic
289
script, consonant
285
script, logographic
289
script, original
291
, ()
script, syllabic
294
donor script
script, donor
075
287
script, source
293
162
script, receiver
script, target
target script
292
295
330
undersea feature
357
data field
field, data
056
096
()
183
full title
104
descriptive term
062
015
sequence rules
298
natural feature
239
program, computer
268
firmware
099
software
304
simplex name
302
rectangular coordinates
276
colloquial language
031
raster mode
272
retranscription
277
retransliteration
278
()
speech community
309
speech
308
mother tongue
204
generic term
112
generic element
110
111
romanization
280
guidelines, toponymic
126
names survey
survey, names
235
318
segment
296
lunar name
name, lunar
184
220
163
semantics
297
graticule
124
UTM
UTM grid
361
grid, topographic
125
syllabary
320
syllabogram
326
character
023
synonym
327
syntax
328
writing system
375
052
vocabulary
367
data dictionary
053
dictionary, geographical
067
lexicon, logographic
170
321
325
syllabary
320
syllabic script
323
322
proper name
proper noun
269
270
consonant letter
letter, consonant
038
162
consonant
037
data portability
portability, data
059
266
composite name
compound name
032
033
standardization
311
()
312
313
314
standardized name
316
()
standardized toponym
317
164
standardized allonym
315
()
standard language
310
survey, toponymic
319
conversion table
043
thematic map
332
generic element
110
tetragraph
331
topographic map
335
topographic category
333
topographic feature
334
topographic name
336
topography
337
toponym
339
,
()
toponym, standardized
340
toponymy
344
toponymic guidelines
342
()
toponymic index
343
toponymy
344
toponomastics
338
conventional name
traditional name
040
345
transcription alphabet
347
transcription key
348
transcription
346
transliteration alphabet
353
transliteration key
354
transliteration
352
trigraph
355
simplified character
303
file, computer
098
physical feature
260
165
phoneme
253
phonemic
254
phonetics
256
phonetic, phonetical
255
phonogram
257
phonological
258
phonology
259
format
101
file format
format, file
097
103
format, computer
102
typeface
356
choronym
028
068
069
font
100
noise, graphic
240
exonym
081
data element
055
endonym
076
endonym, standardized
077
eponym
079
epotoponym
080
language
145
language, minority
minority language
150
198
language, literary
149
language, indigenous
148
166
language, national
151
152
language, principal
154
language, official
153
language, colloquial
146
, ()
language, standard
157
donor language
language, donor
074
147
language, source
156
language, vehicular
vehicular language
159
365
language, receiver
language, target
receiver language
target language
155
158
273
329
167
1989 5 17 26
()
375 4
330
1998 1 13 22
1987
175
330
()
1991 11 11 19
4
336
16
V.M.
G.I. I.P.
Z.V.
1992 8 25 9 3
11
___________
1
(ESA/RT/C/GN/12) 23 94
2
ST/CS/SER.F/330
3
ESA/RT/C/GN/12 94
4
(GEGN/15) 33 36
5
19891991
6
1992 8 25 9 3
E.92.I.22 Corr.1
___________
7
4
(E/CONF.91/L.13)
1998 1 13 22
(
E.98.I.18) 158 161
171
5
/ /
001
acronym
002
address
003
allograph
(grapheme)
ff, ph gh f ,
(phoneme) /f/ ss=sz=, =ae
004
allomorph
(morpheme)
(phonological) : boxes es oxen
en
005
allonym
(topographic feature)
: Hull () Kingston upon
Hull () Vesterhavet ()
Nordsee () Swansea ()
Abertawe () Johannesburg (
) Egoli ()
006
allonym, standardized
(standardized
toponyms): Biel () Bienne ()
Casablanca () Dr al-Bayd
() Kaapstad () Cape
Town ()- Matterhorn ()
Monte Cervino ()
007
allophone
(phoneme)
(phone) (phonetic) :
Tyne t water t ,
/t/ rio r Madrid
r /r/
173
008
alphabet
(alphabetic script)
(letters),
009
alphabetic
alphabet
010
alphabet, conversion
(conversion)
(alphabet) (transcription
alphabet) (transliteration alphabet)
011
alphabet, transcription
(transcription) (alphabet)
z ts, c
, k k c
012
alphabet, transliteration
(transliteration)
(alphabet)
C, E, O, P, V X,
013
alphabetic script
014
alphabetic sequence
(b)
015
(alphabetic script)
(sequence rules)
016
alphanumeric
(letters) (
)
017
anthroponym
018
article
(morpheme)
the
el, los, las le, la, les al-
ha- -ul
019
articulation
020
batch processing
,
,141
interactive processing
174
021
bilingualism
(language)
022
biscriptual
(script) 208
multiscriptual map207multiscriptual gazetteer
023
character
(zhong)
(h) (no)
024
character, modified
(simplified character)
(variant character)
025
character, simplified
(character):
026
character, variant
/
()
,,
= = =
027
character, vowel
(alphabetic) (syllabic)
(vowel) (character),
(marker) a
(a) (a)
(,
)
028
choronym
029
class, feature
(toponym)
030
coded representation
(alphanumeric) ,
031
colloquial language
032
composite name
033
compound name
034
computer file
035
computer program
175
036
computer record
037
consonant
, (speech)
038
consonant letter
039
consonant script
040
conventional name
041
conversion
(phonological) /
(morphological),
(transcription) (transliteration)
042
conversion alphabet
043
conversion table
(transcription key)
(transliteration key) 281
romanization key
044
coordinates, geographical
(a) 0-90
0-180
(
)()
(b)
045
coordinates, rectangular
046
coordinates, topographic
047
creole
(pidgin)
(principal language)
048
cultural feature
049
data
program
176
050
(computer
files) (computer records)
051
(digital data
base)
052
053
data dictionary
054
data directory
055
data element
(computer record)
(data field)
056
data field
(computer record)
(data element)
057
058
data interchange,
translingual
()
data item
(computer record)
(data element)
(data field) 01.01.97
059
data portability
060
default value
061
062
descriptive term
(topographic
feature) ()
(toponym):
()()
177
063
designation
064
diacritic
(phonemic)
, (letter)
, ,
,
h
o (), ou
195 marker
065
diacritical mark,
diacritical sign
064 diacritic
066
dialect
(language)
067
dictionary, geographical
(alphabetical)
/
068
069
070
diglossia
(language)
(linguistic community)
071
diglossic
070 diglossia
072
digraph
(letter)
sj, ch, sh,
/ /,
: ll,
ch 171 ligature
178
073
diphthong
(
) bei ei, time
i, /a/
074
donor language
075
donor script
076
endonym
:
Vrnas ()( Benares, )
Aachen ()( Aix-la-Chapelle,
) Krung Thep ()( Bangkok, )
al-Uqur ()( Luxor, )
Teverya ()( Tiberias, )
077
endonym, standardized
(endonym)
Hull () Kingston upon Hull (
) (allonym) ,
078
entity, topographic
079
eponym
Santiago ()
Iago (James)Mount Everest ()
EverestWd Msa () Msa (Moses)
ethnonym
080
epotoponym
(toponym)
Jerez (, sherry , )
Olympa (, Olympiad ,
) al-Burtughl (
, Burtuql Burtuqn ,
)
081
exonym
(geographical feature)
Warsaw () Warszawa
Londres London ()
Mailand () Milano
Moskva ()
,
Beijing () Peking
, ,
179
082
extraterrestrial feature
083
extraterrestrial name
084
085
feature class
086
feature name
339 toponym
087
feature, cultural
088
feature, extraterrestrial
(geographical feature)
089
feature, geographical
(topographic feature)
090
feature, hydrographic
(topographic feature)
091
feature, man-made
(topographic
feature)
092feature, natural
092
feature, natural
(topographic
feature) () ()
091feature, man-made
093
feature, physical
(topographic feature)
094
feature, topographic
095
feature, undersea
: Dogger Bank
()Mariana Trench ()
096
field, data
097
file, computer
098
file format
099
firmware
(program)
(software)
180
100
font
12-point
bold Times New Roman 12
10 cpi (character-per-inch) Brougham italic
10
101
format
103
format, file
102
format, computer
103
format, file
(computer file) (
(alphanumeric)
)
104
full title
105
gazetteer
(toponyms)
(topographic feature)
106
gazetteer, index
(toponyms)
107
gazetteer, multilingual
(gazetteer)
(topographic feature)
(allonyms)
(standardized) Athens (Athna,
)Moscou (Moskva, )
108
gazetteer, multiscriptual
(gazetteer)A, Athna; ()
Nazareth (), Vladivostok (
, )
109
224 name,
place (b)
110
generic element
181
111
(generic
element)Mount Isa ()Ayn as-Sultn
()Redhill () Rio de Janeiro
()
112
generic term
, (topographic
feature) : mountain, sierra, san,
shan, dagh, jabal, har; river, wd, gang
(toponym) 110 generic element,
111 generic element, false
113
geographical dictionary
114
geographical entity
115
geographical feature
116
geographical name
117
geographical names
standardization
118
geographic information
system (GIS)
(data)
119
GIS
120
glossary
(toponym)
121
grammar
(language)
122
grapheme
(language) (phoneme)
j /d/ //
(grapheme)
123
graphic form
(character),
(diacritics) ,
124
graticule
125
grid, topographic
182
126
guidelines, toponymic
(toponyms)
(standardization)
(gazetteers)
127
hardware
()
:
software
128
historical name
129
hodonym
247 odonym
130
homonym
(toponyms)
(topographic features) Monaco
, ()
(exonym)
131
hydrographic feature
132
hydronym
(hydrographic feature)
(toponym applied)
133
hyphenization
(hyphenation)
(gazetteer) , (alphabetic)
, Hhr-Grenzhausen
(-)Tel-Aviv ()PointeSapin-Centre ()
(b)
134
ideogram
(a)
(logogram)
(b) , (phonograms)
135
ideographic script
136
index, names
137
183
138
index, toponymic
(toponyms)
139
indigenous language
140
indigenous name
141
interactive processing
/
(program) / (data)
142
interface
143
international phonetic
alphabet (IPA)
(phonetic)
singng
shartaa,
anyaSuisse
u
144
145
international
standardization
language
146
language, colloquial
(speech) (language)
147
language, donor
148
language, indigenous
(language)
149
language, literary
(language)
070 diglossia
150
language, minority
(official
language),
():,
184
151
language, national
(language)
(official language)
-(
)
152
language, non-official
(unofficial)
(language)
153
language, offical
(),
(language);
154
language, principal
(linguistic community)
(language)
,
,
155
language, receiver
156
language, source
(language)
(target language)
()
157
language, standard
158
language, target
(source language)
(conversion)
159
language, vehicular
(linguistic communities)
160
letter
(alphabet) (character)
185
161
letter, basic
(diacritics) (letter)
l
D
162
letter, consonant
(alphabet) (letter)
b, d, ,
, %,
163
letter, vowel
(alphabet) (letter)
a, e, i, o, u , , , , , , ;
a, , , o,
,
164
lettering, map
(a) (alphabetic)
(map script)
(b) , ()
165
lettering, multilingual
(multilingual map)
(map lettering)
166
lettering, multiscriptual
(multiscriptual map)
(map lettering)
167
letters, cardinal
(alphabet)
(letter) K, Q,
X
168 letters, special
168
letters, special
,
167 letters,
cardinal
169
lexicon
(a)
(glossary)
(b)
170
lexicon, logographic
186
171
ligature
, (letters)
( o + e)kh
(IPA) /x/ , ach
ch
172
lingua franca
262 pidgin
173
linguistic area
174
linguistic community
(language)
175
linguistic region
(official)
(principal language)
Flemish () Walloon ()
176
linguistics
,
(phonetics) (phonology)
(morphology) (syntax)
(semantics)
177
literary language
178
local name
179
logogram
(morpheme)
zhong ()
san yama ( mountain )
180
logographic
179 logogram
181
logographic lexicon
182
logographic script
183
()
()
: :
299 short form
187
184
lunar name
185
man-made feature
186
map lettering
187
map, multilingual
(language)
(allonyms)
(standardized) Athens, Athna ()
Moscou, Moskva ()
188
map, multiscriptual
(script)
(writing system) ,
Athens ()Nazareth ()
Vladivostok (,)
189
map script
(toponyms)
164lettering, map
190
191
(multiscriptual map)
(map script)
192
map, thematic
()
:
335 topographic, map
193
map, topographic
,
(natural and man-made)
(topographic features)
192 map, thematic
194
maritime name
195
marker
(phoneme)
(morpheme)
(letter) (syllabogram)
196
marker, vowel
(marker)
, , (a, i, u)
o, u)
188
, , (a, i, u)
, , ,, (a, e, i,
197
menu, computer
(alphanumeric) ,
198
minority language
199
minority name
200
modified character
201
morpheme
(grammar)
names
names
202
morphological
203 morphology
203
morphology
(grammar)
204
mother tongue
205
multilingual gazetteer
206
multilingual map
207
multiscriptual gazetteer
208
multiscriptual map
209
name
210
name, alternative
005 allonym
211
name, approved
212
name, composite
(generic element)
(specific element),
(toponym)Mount Cook (
)Newport ()Newfoundland ()
Kemijoki ()Rostov na Donu (
)Sierra Nevada Oriental ()Stoke on
Trent ()227 name,
simplex
213
name, compound
189
214
name, conventional
081 exonym
215
name, extraterrestrial
(extraterrestrial feature)
(toponym)Nix Olympica (
, )
216
name, geographical
(name)
topographic name toponym
217
name, historical
(toponym)Eboracum (
)Mediolanum ()New
Amsterdam ()Edo (
)
218
name, indigenous
(indigenous language)
: Culabah (,
)Empangeni (, )
219
name, local
(linguistic community)
(toponym)
(standardized name)
220
name, lunar
(toponym): Gagarin
()Mare Tranquillitatis ()
221
name, maritime
(hydrographic feature)
: Estrecho de Magallanes ()
Bottenhavet ()/Selkmeri ()English
Channel ()
222
name, minority
(minority language)
223
name, official
(names authority)
(toponym)
224
name, place
225
name, primary
Ar-RubalKhl (,
)Dasht-e Kavr (,
)
226
name, proper
190
227
name, simplex
(toponym)
Kyiv ()Temuko ()Malai (
)Al-Qhirah (Cairo, )
al-
(morpheme)
212 name, composite
228
name, standardized
(names authority)
(allonyms)
: Kaapstad (
) Cape Town (, Capetown)
229
name, topographic
339 toponym
230
name, traditional
(linguistic community)
al-Iskandaryah (
), Alexandrie
Yerushalayim (), Jerusaln
Beijing (), Peking
231
name, variant
005 allonym
232
names authority
(a) ()
(b)
233
names conversion
041 conversion
234
names index
235
names survey
236
names transformation
237
national language
238
national standardization,
geographical names
239
natural feature
240
noise, graphic
191
241
non-official language
242
non-vocalized
(vocalization)
243
non-vowelled
242 non-vocalized
244
normalization
311 standardization
245
noun, common
, :
246
noun, proper
247
odonym
(proper noun)
Via Appia ()Airway Amber ()M4
()Fleet Street ()Piccadilly Circus (
)Darb al-Hjj ()
248
official language
249
onomastics
(a) (names)
(b)
250
oronym
Matterhorn ()
Fuji San ()Sierra Madre ()
251
orthography
252
phone
(phonetics)
( (allophones))
(phoneme): Saber b
[], Barcelona b
b
253
phoneme
(language) (phonological) ,
/b//p///( sh)
(allophones)
: Barcelona b
b Saber b [] /b/
/e/ [e], [], []
[] 252 phone
192
254
phonemic
253 phoneme
255
phonetic, phonetical
256 phonetics
256
phonetics
257
phonogram
(a) (character)
(b)
:
, p ,
p
258
phonological
259 phonology
259
phonology
(language)
260
physical feature
261
pictogram
,
257 phonogram
262
pidgin
(grammar)
(phonological)
(language) :
()-
(linguistic
community) (mother tongue)
047 creole
263
pixel
264
place name
265
266
portability, data
267
principal language
193
268
program, computer
049 data
(data)
269
proper name
270
proper noun
271
radical, radix
272
raster mode
(pixels)
: 364 vector
mode
273
receiver language
274
receiver script
275
record, computer
(data)
276
rectangular coordinates
277
retranscription
(source language)
(transcription)
278
retransliteration
(source script)
(transliteration) 279 reversibility
279
reversibility
(transliteration)
(script) (writing system)
(source script)
280
romanization
:
Athna()
Moskva()
Bayrt() - TelAviv()=Nihon
194
281
romanization key
(alphabet)
(script) ,
(diacritics):
ps (transliteration
key)
282
root
(linguistics)
()
nazala n z l, yarad
y r d
283
script
(typeface) (font)
(writing
system)
(alphabetic)
()
(syllabic)
(logographic)
284
script, alphabetic
(defective)
(consonant scripts),
,
285
script, consonant
286
(alphabetic script)
(vowels) (consonants)
(markers),
:
196 marker, vowel
287
script, donor
288
script, ideographic
195
289
script, logographic
(logograms)
(logographic) (writing system)
(script)
290
script, map
291
script, original
292
script, receiver
293
script, source
(toponym) (script)
(target script)
294
script, syllabic
(syllabics),
295
script, target
296
segment
(linguistics)
(phonemes)
(consonants) (vowels)
297
semantics
(linguistics)
298
sequence rules
( (toponyms))
(letters) (syllabograms)
(logograms)
(markers) (diacritics)
(alphabet),
, , , ll
-
299
()
:
: 183 long
form
196
300
short title
301
sign, diacritical
064 diacritic
302
simplex name
303
simplified character
304
software
(program)
(data) : 127
hardware
305
source language
306
source script
307
specific element
308
speech
309
speech community
(language)
(dialect)
310
standard language
311
standardization
(a)
(toponyms)
(b) (toponyms)
312
standardization,
geographical names
(names authority)
(geographical feature)
(name)
(toponyms)
313
standardization,
international,
geographical names
(national standardization)
(geographical
names) ( (extraterrestrial
features) (toponyms))
197
standardization, national,
geographical names
315
standardized allonym
316
standardized name
317
standardized toponym
318
survey, names
319
survey, toponymic
314
(geographical names)
(standardization)
320
syllabary
: , , , , , ,
a, ka, sa, ta, na, ha, ma , >, <, , ,
, pi, pu, pa, ti, tu, ta
321
syllabic ()
326 syllabogram
syllabics
322
syllabic ()
323
syllabic script
324
syllabification
Val-pa-ra-i-soO-ban
325
syllable
(vowel) (),
(diphthong)
Genova
Ge-no-vaHeidelberg Hei-del-bergBrno
Br-no
326
syllabogram
(syllabic script)
(syllable) (character)
327
synonym
328
syntax
(linguistics)
329
target language
198
330
target script
331
tetragraph
(letter) ,
(phonological)
Tschad tsch
(phoneme)t
shch
332
thematic map
333
topographic category
334
topographic feature
335
topographic map
336
topographic name
339 toponym
337
topography
(a)
(b)
338
toponomastics
(toponym)
339
toponym
(topographic feature)
(geographical names)
(extraterrestrial names)
340
toponym, standardized
341
toponym, variant
005 allonym
342
toponymic guidelines
343
toponymic index
344
toponymy
(a)
(b)
345
traditional name
346
transcription
(a) (conversion)
(target language)
(script)( (diacritics))
(source language)
199
(b) Ankara,
,
Shchukino Djabaliya
(retranscription)
Ankara Agkara
, ,
,
(transcription), (transliteration)
348 transcription key
347
transcription alphabet
348
transcription key
349
transformation, names
(translation)
(transcription) (transliteration)
(convernsion)
350
translation
351
352
translingual data
interchange
transliteration
200
(source script)
(transcription)
(reversibility)
(transliteration key)
(b) ( (exonyms)
), al-Qhirah
(Cairo, ) Vladivostok (
,) Hefa (Haifa,
Adis Abeba (Addis
)
Ababa)
353
transliteration alphabet
354
transliteration key
355
trigraph
(phoneme)
sch //
356
typeface
(alphabet) (characters)
,
100 font
357
undersea feature
358
UNGEGN
Geographical Names)
(acronym)
359
unvocalized
368 vocalization
360
unvowelled
368 vocalization
361
UTM grid
(rectangular coordinates)
60 6
1-60
362
variant character
201
363
variant name
005 allonym
364
vector mode
, (
) (
)272 raster mode
365
vehicular language
366
vernacular
(language)
(dialect) (standard
language)
367
vocabulary
(a)
(b) 169 lexicon
368
vocalization
(defective alphabetic) ,
(vowel markers) ,
(toponyms),
: Al
Carmel ,
369
vocalized
368 vocalization
370
vowel
, (
(diphthongs) (triphthongs))
371
vowel letter
372
vowel marker
373
vowel point
374
vowelled
368 vocalization
375
writing system
(alphabetic)
() ,
(phonology)
(morphology)
(scripts)
202
()
coded representation
030
character, modified
024
modified character
200
diacritic
064
065
sign, diacritical
301
transcription alphabet
347
allonym, standardized
006
standardized allonym
315
endonym, standardized
077
name, standardized
228
standardized name
316
standardized toponym
317
toponym, standardized
340
normalization
244
standardization
311
language, standard
157
standard language
310
allonym
005
name, alternative
210
name, variant
231
toponym, variant
341
variant name
363
061
286
radical, radix
271
name, primary
225
lexicon
169
morphology
203
morphological
202
logogram
179
logographic
180
logographic script
182
script, logographic
289
203
root
282
vocabulary
367
glossary
120
morpheme
201
allomorph
004
name, simplex
227
simplex name
302
trigraph
355
digraph
072
tetragraph
331
local name
178
name, local
219
vernacular
366
endonym
076
dictionary, geographical
067
geographical dictionary
113
feature, geographical
089
geographical entity
114
geographical feature
115
class, feature
029
feature class
085
118
GIS
119
coordinates, geographical
044
graticule
124
feature name
086
geographical name
116
name, geographical
216
name, place
224
place name
264
topographic name
336
toponym
339
117
312
names survey
235
survey, names
318
survey, toponymic
319
238
314
204
313
names
names authority
232
gazetteer
105
109
051
069
gazetteer, index
106
index, names
136
137
index, toponymic
138
names index
234
265
toponymic index
343
toponomastics
338
toponymy
344
guidelines,toponymic
126
toponymic guidelines
342
names conversion
233
names transformation
236
transformation, names
349
lettering, map
164
map lettering
186
map script
189
script, map
290
topography
337
name, topographic
229
entity, topographic
078
feature, topographic
094
topographic feature
334
topographic category
333
map, topographic
193
topographic map
335
choronym
028
address
002
gazetteer, multiscriptual
108
multiscriptual gazetteer
207
map, multiscriptual
188
multiscriptual map
208
191
205
lettering, multiscriptual
166
gazetteer, multilingual
107
multilingual gazetteer
205
map, multilingual
187
multilingual map
206
190
lettering, multilingual
165
diphthong
073
articulation
019
dialect
066
152
non-official language
241
composite name
032
compound name
033
name, composite
212
name, compound
213
marker
195
vocalization
368
vocalized
369
vowelled
374
consonant
037
consonant script
039
script, consonant
285
consonant letter
038
letter, consonant
162
format
101
firmware
099
article
018
name, official
223
language, offical
153
official language
248
conventional name
040
name, conventional
214
name, traditional
230
traditional name
345
raster mode
272
206
international standardization
144
143
language, national
151
national language
237
feature, undersea
095
undersea feature
357
maritime name
194
name, maritime
221
creole
047
lingua franca
172
pidgin
262
letters, cardinal
167
letter, basic
161
menu, computer
197
computer program
035
program, computer
268
format, computer
102
computer record
036
record, computer
275
computer file
034
file, computer
097
short title
300
()
299
character, simplified
025
simplified character
303
interactive processing
141
language, vehicular
159
vehicular language
365
hodonym
129
odonym
247
interface
142
syntax
328
reversibility
279
historical name
128
name, historical
217
207
UNGEGN
358
ligature
171
hyphenization (hyphenation)
133
biscriptual
022
romanization
280
romanization key
281
name
209
language, receiver
155
language, target
158
receiver language
273
target language
329
receiver script
274
script, receiver
292
script, target
295
target script
330
mother tongue
204
retranscription
277
retransliteration
278
batch processing
020
name, approved
211
noun, common
245
segment
296
full title
104
()
183
cultural feature
048
feature, cultural
087
feature, man-made
091
man-made feature
185
anthroponym
017
eponym
079
software
304
oronym
250
208
language, minority
150
minority language
198
minority name
199
name, minority
222
vector mode
364
acronym
001
data
049
data portability
059
portability, data
266
050
052
data item
058
data element
055
data dictionary
053
data directory
054
data field
056
field, data
096
068
writing system
375
graphic form
123
diglossia
070
diglossic
071
bilingualism
021
hydronym
132
feature, hydrographic
090
hydrographic feature
131
sequence rules
298
descriptive term
062
designation
063
colloquial language
031
language, colloquial
146
generic term
112
generic element
110
UTM grid
361
synonym
327
noise, graphic
240
indigenous name
140
name, indigenous
218
indigenous language
139
209
language, indigenous
148
exonym
081
non-vocalized
242
non-vowelled
243
file format
098
format, file
103
language, literary
149
literary language
177
script
283
unvocalized
359
unvowelled
360
default value
060
pixel
263
pictogram
261
extraterrestrial feature
082
feature, extraterrestrial
088
extraterrestrial name
083
name, extraterrestrial
215
speech
308
speech community
309
homonym
130
ideogram
134
ideographic script
135
script, ideographic
288
character, variant
026
variant character
362
conversion
041
conversion table
043
alphabet, conversion
010
conversion alphabet
042
translation
350
phonogram
257
syllabic ()
321
syllable
325
syllabary
320
syllabic ()
322
210
syllabification
324
script, syllabic
294
syllabic script
323
syllabogram
326
phone
252
phoneme
253
allophone
007
phonemic
254
phonology
259
phonological
258
transcription
346
transcription key
348
alphabet, transcription
011
hardware
127
feature, physical
093
physical feature
260
grammar
121
language
145
057
linguistic area
173
linguistic region
175
linguistic community
174
linguistics
176
semantics
297
phonetic, phonetical
255
351
phonetics
256
vowel
370
marker, vowel
196
vowel marker
372
vowel point
373
character, vowel
027
letter, vowel
163
vowel letter
371
donor language
074
language, donor
147
language, source
156
source language
305
donor script
075
script, donor
287
211
script, original
291
script, source
293
source script
306
epotoponym
080
lunar name
184
name, lunar
220
orthography
251
coordinates, rectangular
045
coordinates, topographic
046
grid, topographic
125
rectangular coordinates
276
language, principal
154
principal language
267
specific element
307
084
111
onomastics
249
map, thematic
192
thematic map
332
letters, special
168
name, proper
226
proper name
269
noun, proper
246
proper noun
270
transliteration
352
transliteration key
354
alphabet, transliteration
012
transliteration alphabet
353
character
023
lexicon, logographic
170
logographic lexicon
181
letter
160
alphabet
008
alphabetic
009
alphanumeric
016
alphabetic sequence
014
015
alphabetic script
013
script, alphabetic
284
212
grapheme
122
allograph
003
font
100
typeface
356
feature, natural
092
natural feature
239
213
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