Seminar 2

Machowski 2.2.2-3, 3.5-6, 9.1, 10.2, 13

Generator controls
Exciter Different types Fig 2.3 AVR M 2.2.2, 10.2, AVR, Mechanical model and phasor diagrams for two values of Pm Impact of AVR on power-angle curve Fig 5.21 (Fig 5.22) Load compensation, Vc=Vg+(Rc+jXc)Ig Generator capability diagram and current limits, Leisner Fig 18 PSS Lag in AVR action reduces damping PSS, Kundur Fig E12.9 with two lead-lag blocks Electrical generator controls M Fig. 2.4, energy and information flows Analyze a EUROSTAG IEEE exciter model block diagram avr+pss Governor Governor, Figs 2.14, droop, speed and load references

Basic system modeling

How to organize and connect the component models Network modeling M 3.5, Bus admittance matrix (3.103) Change of reference frame, angle differences between unregulated buses limited, Fig 3.30, (3.122)

Load flow M 3.6, Table 3.4 Number of equations must equal number of unknowns.

EUROSTAG
Numerical integration in EUROSTAG M 13, (13.1-2), Partitioned (explicit integration) or simultaneous (implicit integration) Jacobian matrices gives linearized system for free Time scales, stiff system Modeling Symmetric for representation of positive sequency. Fortesque area permits modeling of positive, negative and zero sequence.

EUROSTAG E New/LoadChangeView dont forget Change and View! EUROSTAG LF Note that the accuracy is in p.u. relative to a 100 MVA base EUROSTAG G Block diagram composed of a collection of blocks. Black rectangle indicates dynamics. Communication with controlled object through Interface variables (UR, UI, OMEGA, TETA, EFD, CM, PLOAD, QLOAD) Main block for the function during simulation. Initialization block is executed after load flow, but before simulation starts. Special characters: ^DELTA is the value of DELTA computed in the initialization scheme. _ EFD is the value given to EFD at the initialization stage. @Y Named output that can be referenced with name instead of block number. This can also be used as a link within the block diagram. OMEGA(2) is the variable OMEGA from the second machine in the list of (maximum of nine) parametered interface variables. A macroblock that controls an injector must have name starting with INTER. EUROSTAG S Interactive execution, where one variable can be displayed during simulation. This can be changed during simulation. All model variables are available for analysis after the simulation. EUROSTAG A Transposition of results sorts the results by variable instead of chronologically. PRG file generation gives a macro that repeats the command sequence of the session. Other modules CRT Critical clearing time T Table generator